使用准备好的数据库方案创建docker mysql容器

我想在mysql映像之上创建一个docker映像，该映像已经包含我的应用程序所需的方案。

我尝试向Dockerfile添加行，这些行会将我的方案导入为sql文件。我是这样做的（我的Dockerfile）：

FROM mysql

ENV MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="bagabu"
ENV MYSQL_DATABASE="imhere"

ADD imhere.sql /tmp/imhere.sql

RUN "mysql -u root --password="bagabu" imhere < /tmp/imhere.sql"

据我了解，这是行不通的，因为mysql docker映像不包含mysql客户端（最佳做法是“不要仅仅因为它们会很舒服就添加东西”）（我对此是否错？）

这样做的好方法可能是什么？我已经想到了一些事情，但是它们似乎都是混乱的解决方法。

1. 安装mysql客户端，做我必须做的事，然后删除/清除它。
2. 将mysql客户端二进制文件复制到该映像，执行我必须做的，然后将其删除。
3. 在另一台sql服务器中创建架构，然后直接直接复制db文件（这看起来很混乱，在我看来像是受污染的问题池）

有什么建议么？希望以一种易于稍后维护并且也可能符合最佳实践的方式吗？

您应该将init脚本放在安装为的目录中/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d-请参阅MySQL Docker图像文档中的“初始化新实例”部分。

我出于测试目的必须这样做。

这是我通过利用dockerhub上的实际MySQL / MariaDB映像和多阶段构建来进行的操作：

FROM mariadb:latest as builder

# That file does the DB initialization but also runs mysql daemon, by removing the last line it will only init
RUN ["sed", "-i", "s/exec \"$@\"/echo \"not running $@\"/", "/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh"]

# needed for intialization
ENV MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root

COPY setup.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/

# Need to change the datadir to something else that /var/lib/mysql because the parent docker file defines it as a volume.
# https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#volume :
#       Changing the volume from within the Dockerfile: If any build steps change the data within the volume after
#       it has been declared, those changes will be discarded.
RUN ["/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh", "mysqld", "--datadir", "/initialized-db", "--aria-log-dir-path", "/initialized-db"]

FROM mariadb:latest

COPY --from=builder /initialized-db /var/lib/mysql

完整的工作示例在这里：https : //github.com/lindycoder/prepopulated-mysql-container-example

归功于@Martin Roy

进行了较小的更改以适用于mysql ...

内容Dockerfile

FROM mysql:latest as builder

# That file does the DB initialization but also runs mysql daemon, by removing the last line it will only init
RUN ["sed", "-i", "s/exec \"$@\"/echo \"not running $@\"/", "/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh"]

# needed for intialization
ENV MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root

COPY setup.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/

# Need to change the datadir to something else that /var/lib/mysql because the parent docker file defines it as a volume.
# https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#volume :
#       Changing the volume from within the Dockerfile: If any build steps change the data within the volume after
#       it has been declared, those changes will be discarded.
RUN ["/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh", "mysqld", "--datadir", "/initialized-db"]

FROM mysql:latest

COPY --from=builder /initialized-db /var/lib/mysql

内容setup.sql

CREATE DATABASE myexample;

USE myexample;

CREATE TABLE mytable (myfield VARCHAR(20));

INSERT INTO mytable VALUES ('Hello'), ('Dolly');

完整的工作示例在这里：https : //github.com/iamdvr/prepopulated-mysql-container-example

像Ansible这样的管理软件可以帮助您轻松地自动执行mysql导入，而无需安装和重新安装客户端。Ansible具有强大的内置功能来管理Docker映像和容器以及mysql数据库。