由于xgboostin 的界面caret最近已更改，因此以下是一个脚本，该脚本提供了使用注释caret优化xgboost超参数的完整注释演练。
为此，我将使用Kaggle竞赛“给予我一些荣誉”中的训练数据。
1.拟合xgboost模型
在本节中，我们：
- 拟合
xgboost具有任意超参数的模型
- 使用交叉验证（
xgb.cv）评估损失（AUC-ROC ）
- 绘制训练与测试评估指标
这是一些执行此操作的代码。
library(caret)
library(xgboost)
library(readr)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
# load in the training data
df_train = read_csv("04-GiveMeSomeCredit/Data/cs-training.csv") %>%
na.omit() %>% # listwise deletion
select(-`[EMPTY]`) %>%
mutate(SeriousDlqin2yrs = factor(SeriousDlqin2yrs, # factor variable for classification
labels = c("Failure", "Success")))
# xgboost fitting with arbitrary parameters
xgb_params_1 = list(
objective = "binary:logistic", # binary classification
eta = 0.01, # learning rate
max.depth = 3, # max tree depth
eval_metric = "auc" # evaluation/loss metric
)
# fit the model with the arbitrary parameters specified above
xgb_1 = xgboost(data = as.matrix(df_train %>%
select(-SeriousDlqin2yrs)),
label = df_train$SeriousDlqin2yrs,
params = xgb_params_1,
nrounds = 100, # max number of trees to build
verbose = TRUE,
print.every.n = 1,
early.stop.round = 10 # stop if no improvement within 10 trees
)
# cross-validate xgboost to get the accurate measure of error
xgb_cv_1 = xgb.cv(params = xgb_params_1,
data = as.matrix(df_train %>%
select(-SeriousDlqin2yrs)),
label = df_train$SeriousDlqin2yrs,
nrounds = 100,
nfold = 5, # number of folds in K-fold
prediction = TRUE, # return the prediction using the final model
showsd = TRUE, # standard deviation of loss across folds
stratified = TRUE, # sample is unbalanced; use stratified sampling
verbose = TRUE,
print.every.n = 1,
early.stop.round = 10
)
# plot the AUC for the training and testing samples
xgb_cv_1$dt %>%
select(-contains("std")) %>%
mutate(IterationNum = 1:n()) %>%
gather(TestOrTrain, AUC, -IterationNum) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = IterationNum, y = AUC, group = TestOrTrain, color = TestOrTrain)) +
geom_line() +
theme_bw()
这是测试与培训AUC的外观：
2.使用超参数搜索 train
对于超参数搜索，我们执行以下步骤：
- 创建
data.frame我们想要训练模型的参数的唯一组合。
- 指定适用于每个模型训练的控制参数，包括交叉验证参数，并指定计算概率，以便可以计算AUC
- 为每个参数组合交叉验证和训练模型，并为每个模型保存AUC。
这是一些代码，显示了如何执行此操作。
# set up the cross-validated hyper-parameter search
xgb_grid_1 = expand.grid(
nrounds = 1000,
eta = c(0.01, 0.001, 0.0001),
max_depth = c(2, 4, 6, 8, 10),
gamma = 1
)
# pack the training control parameters
xgb_trcontrol_1 = trainControl(
method = "cv",
number = 5,
verboseIter = TRUE,
returnData = FALSE,
returnResamp = "all", # save losses across all models
classProbs = TRUE, # set to TRUE for AUC to be computed
summaryFunction = twoClassSummary,
allowParallel = TRUE
)
# train the model for each parameter combination in the grid,
# using CV to evaluate
xgb_train_1 = train(
x = as.matrix(df_train %>%
select(-SeriousDlqin2yrs)),
y = as.factor(df_train$SeriousDlqin2yrs),
trControl = xgb_trcontrol_1,
tuneGrid = xgb_grid_1,
method = "xgbTree"
)
# scatter plot of the AUC against max_depth and eta
ggplot(xgb_train_1$results, aes(x = as.factor(eta), y = max_depth, size = ROC, color = ROC)) +
geom_point() +
theme_bw() +
scale_size_continuous(guide = "none")
最后，您可以根据eta和的变化为AUC创建气泡图max_depth：
