“ as”代表什么?


16

我正在阅读文章,看到以下句子:

对于给定的mar,如果具有上限或下限,则must必须收敛(为)。由于可能性始终为非负值,因此0为下限。

“ as”代表什么?这是常见用法吗?我的猜测是“渐近”,但我想验证一下。


19
它几乎可以肯定代表
user33484'3

2
@ user33484请不要发布答案作为评论。
David Richerby

是的,这是常见用法。
奥古斯丁

@ user33484是的,您基本上失去了200-300 rep,因为这是评论:P。机会成本为0的
尼克牛逼

几乎可以肯定地表示为
马克·L·斯通

Answers:



22

正如@Matt所指出的那样,“几乎肯定”代表概率为1。

为什么“几乎肯定”中的“几乎”?因为仅因为某事“几乎肯定”发生并不意味着一定会发生。例如,假设统一(0,1)。P是多少X = 0.5 ?好吧,由于X是连续随机变量,所以P X =任意有限的一组值)=0。因此,X几乎可以肯定不等于0.5。但这并不是说X不能等于0.5!XP(X=0.5)XP(X=XX


“仅仅因为几乎没有发生某事并不意味着就不可能发生” ……显然。公平的硬币几乎不能肯定会上涨,但它仍然可以上涨。我想你是想说些别的话。
user541686'3

@Mehrdad:啊,这里有些英语歧义。一个不太含糊的陈述:仅仅因为发生,并不意味着A不可能发生。因此,在我的示例中,AX 0.5AAAX0.5
Cliff AB

1
是的...可能想要相应地修改您的答案...
user541686'3

@Mehrdad是的,预期的解析是“只是因为(肯定不会发生)”;“仅仅因为几乎可以肯定,什么事情都不会发生”就更加清楚了。
David Richerby

2

如上所述,几乎可以肯定地表示,但是在这种情况下,他们所指的是几乎可以收敛。从维基百科

说的顺序 Xñ几乎肯定地几乎在所有地方收敛,或者概率为1强烈收敛于X 意思是

Pr(limnXn=X)=1

1

As already noted by others, "a.s." stands for "almost surely". The wikipedia article quoted by @Matt is a good start for almost surely and its synonyms.

There is however a subtle distinction between almost surely (or with probability 1) to always [resp., between with probability zero to never].

Imagine an infinite series of i.i.d. random variables which are head a.s. (=with probability 1), tail with probability zero. It is possible in such an infinite series to have a finite number of tails although the probability for tail is 0, as the empirical distribution of the series remains 1-0 (only a finite number of instances out of infinitely many). On the other hand, when one says that the series is always head one means that not even a single tail occurs in the series.

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