我认为有几种方法可以显示此类数据：
第一种选择是进行“经验正交函数分析”（EOF）（在非气候圈中也称为“主成分分析”（PCA））。对于您的情况，应在数据位置的相关矩阵上进行。例如，您的数据矩阵dat将是列维中的空间位置，而行中是测得的参数；因此，您的数据矩阵将由每个位置的时间序列组成。该prcomp()函数将允许您获取与此字段相关的主成分或主要的相关模式：
res <- prcomp(dat, retx = TRUE, center = TRUE, scale = TRUE) # center and scale should be "TRUE" for an analysis of dominant correlation modes)
#res$x and res$rotation will contain the PC modes in the temporal and spatial dimension, respectively.
第二种选择是创建显示相对于单个感兴趣位置的相关性的地图：
C <- cor(dat)
#C[,n] would be the correlation values between the nth location (e.g. dat[,n]) and all other locations.
编辑：附加示例
虽然以下示例不使用空缺数据，但您可以在使用DINEOF进行插值后对数据字段进行相同的分析（http://menugget.blogspot.de/2012/10/dineof-data-interpolating-empirical.html） 。下面的示例使用以下数据集（http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/gcos_wgsp/Gridded/data.hadslp2.html）的每月异常海平面压力数据的子集：
library(sinkr) # https://github.com/marchtaylor/sinkr
# load data
data(slp)
grd <- slp$grid
time <- slp$date
field <- slp$field
# make anomaly dataset
slp.anom <- fieldAnomaly(field, time)
# EOF/PCA of SLP anom
P <- prcomp(slp.anom, center = TRUE, scale. = TRUE)
expl.var <- P$sdev^2 / sum(P$sdev^2) # explained variance
cum.expl.var <- cumsum(expl.var) # cumulative explained variance
plot(cum.expl.var)
映射领先的EOF模式
# make interpolation
require(akima)
require(maps)
eof.num <- 1
F1 <- interp(x=grd$lon, y=grd$lat, z=P$rotation[,eof.num]) # interpolated spatial EOF mode
png(paste0("EOF_mode", eof.num, ".png"), width=7, height=6, units="in", res=400)
op <- par(ps=10) #settings before layout
layout(matrix(c(1,2), nrow=2, ncol=1, byrow=TRUE), heights=c(4,2), widths=7)
#layout.show(2) # run to see layout; comment out to prevent plotting during .pdf
par(cex=1) # layout has the tendency change par()$cex, so this step is important for control
par(mar=c(4,4,1,1)) # I usually set my margins before each plot
pal <- jetPal
image(F1, col=pal(100))
map("world", add=TRUE, lwd=2)
contour(F1, add=TRUE, col="white")
box()
par(mar=c(4,4,1,1)) # I usually set my margins before each plot
plot(time, P$x[,eof.num], t="l", lwd=1, ylab="", xlab="")
plotRegionCol()
abline(h=0, lwd=2, col=8)
abline(h=seq(par()$yaxp[1], par()$yaxp[2], len=par()$yaxp[3]+1), col="white", lty=3)
abline(v=seq.Date(as.Date("1800-01-01"), as.Date("2100-01-01"), by="10 years"), col="white", lty=3)
box()
lines(time, P$x[,eof.num])
mtext(paste0("EOF ", eof.num, " [expl.var = ", round(expl.var[eof.num]*100), "%]"), side=3, line=1)
par(op)
dev.off() # closes device
创建关联图
loc <- c(-90, 0)
target <- which(grd$lon==loc[1] & grd$lat==loc[2])
COR <- cor(slp.anom)
F1 <- interp(x=grd$lon, y=grd$lat, z=COR[,target]) # interpolated spatial EOF mode
png(paste0("Correlation_map", "_lon", loc[1], "_lat", loc[2], ".png"), width=7, height=5, units="in", res=400)
op <- par(ps=10) #settings before layout
layout(matrix(c(1,2), nrow=2, ncol=1, byrow=TRUE), heights=c(4,1), widths=7)
#layout.show(2) # run to see layout; comment out to prevent plotting during .pdf
par(cex=1) # layout has the tendency change par()$cex, so this step is important for control
par(mar=c(4,4,1,1)) # I usually set my margins before each plot
pal <- colorRampPalette(c("blue", "cyan", "yellow", "red", "yellow", "cyan", "blue"))
ncolors <- 100
breaks <- seq(-1,1,,ncolors+1)
image(F1, col=pal(ncolors), breaks=breaks)
map("world", add=TRUE, lwd=2)
contour(F1, add=TRUE, col="white")
box()
par(mar=c(4,4,0,1)) # I usually set my margins before each plot
imageScale(F1, col=pal(ncolors), breaks=breaks, axis.pos = 1)
mtext("Correlation [R]", side=1, line=2.5)
box()
par(op)
dev.off() # closes device
