从简单的R lm模型重新计算对数似然

我只是想用dnorm（）重新计算lm模型（在R中）的logLik函数提供的对数似然率。

对于大量数据（例如n = 1000），它可以（几乎完美）工作：

> n <- 1000
> x <- 1:n
> set.seed(1)
> y <- 10 + 2*x + rnorm(n, 0, 2)
> mod <- glm(y ~ x, family = gaussian)
> logLik(mod)
'log Lik.' -2145.562 (df=3)
> sigma <- sqrt(summary(mod)$dispersion)
> sum(log(dnorm(x = y, mean = predict(mod), sd = sigma)))
[1] -2145.563
> sum(log(dnorm(x = resid(mod), mean = 0, sd = sigma)))
[1] -2145.563

但是对于小型数据集，存在明显的差异：

> n <- 5
> x <- 1:n
> set.seed(1)
> y <- 10 + 2*x + rnorm(n, 0, 2)
> 
> mod <- glm(y ~ x, family = gaussian)
> logLik(mod)
'log Lik.' -8.915768 (df=3)
> sigma <- sqrt(summary(mod)$dispersion)
> sum(log(dnorm(x = y, mean = predict(mod), sd = sigma)))
[1] -9.192832
> sum(log(dnorm(x = resid(mod), mean = 0, sd = sigma)))
[1] -9.192832

由于数据集的影响较小，我认为这可能是由于lm和glm之间的残差方差估计值不同，但是使用lm提供的结果与glm相同：

> modlm <- lm(y ~ x)
> logLik(modlm)
'log Lik.' -8.915768 (df=3)
> 
> sigma <- summary(modlm)$sigma
> sum(log(dnorm(x = y, mean = predict(modlm), sd = sigma)))
[1] -9.192832
> sum(log(dnorm(x = resid(modlm), mean = 0, sd = sigma)))
[1] -9.192832

我哪里错了？

logLik()$\beta_j$$X{\boldsymbol \beta}$$\sigma$$\sqrt{\frac{\sum \hat\epsilon_i^2}{n}}$$\hat\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{\sum \hat\epsilon_i^2}{n-2}}$$\sigma^2$

>  n <- 5
>  x <- 1:n
>  set.seed(1)
>  y <- 10 + 2*x + rnorm(n, 0, 2)
>  modlm <- lm(y ~ x)
>  sigma <- summary(modlm)$sigma
> 
>  # value of the likelihood with the "classical" sigma hat
>  sum(log(dnorm(x = y, mean = predict(modlm), sd = sigma)))
[1] -9.192832
> 
>  # value of the likelihood with the ML sigma hat
>  sigma.ML <- sigma*sqrt((n-dim(model.matrix(modlm))[2])/n) 
>  sum(log(dnorm(x = y, mean = predict(modlm), sd = sigma.ML)))
[1] -8.915768
>  logLik(modlm)
'log Lik.' -8.915768 (df=3)