R中是否有一个函数可以获取找到的簇的中心并将簇分配给新数据集

我有一个多维数据集的两个部分，我们称它们为train和test。我想基于火车数据集构建一个模型，然后在测试数据集上对其进行验证。簇数是已知的。

我试图在R中应用k-means聚类，但得到了一个包含聚类中心的对象：

kClust <- kmeans(train, centers=N, nstart=M)

R中是否有一个功能可以获取找到的簇的中心并将簇分配给我的测试数据集？

我可以尝试其他哪些方法/算法？

您可以使用以下函数为新数据集计算群集分配：

clusters <- function(x, centers) {
  # compute squared euclidean distance from each sample to each cluster center
  tmp <- sapply(seq_len(nrow(x)),
                function(i) apply(centers, 1,
                                  function(v) sum((x[i, ]-v)^2)))
  max.col(-t(tmp))  # find index of min distance
}

# create a simple data set with two clusters
set.seed(1)
x <- rbind(matrix(rnorm(100, sd = 0.3), ncol = 2),
           matrix(rnorm(100, mean = 1, sd = 0.3), ncol = 2))
colnames(x) <- c("x", "y")
x_new <- rbind(matrix(rnorm(10, sd = 0.3), ncol = 2),
               matrix(rnorm(10, mean = 1, sd = 0.3), ncol = 2))
colnames(x_new) <- c("x", "y")

cl <- kmeans(x, centers=2)

all.equal(cl[["cluster"]], clusters(x, cl[["centers"]]))
# [1] TRUE
clusters(x_new, cl[["centers"]])
# [1] 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

plot(x, col=cl$cluster, pch=3)
points(x_new, col= clusters(x_new, cl[["centers"]]), pch=19)
points(cl[["centers"]], pch=4, cex=2, col="blue")

或者，您可以使用flexclust软件包，该软件包predict为k均值提供了一种已实现的方法：

library("flexclust")
data("Nclus")

set.seed(1)
dat <- as.data.frame(Nclus)
ind <- sample(nrow(dat), 50)

dat[["train"]] <- TRUE
dat[["train"]][ind] <- FALSE

cl1 = kcca(dat[dat[["train"]]==TRUE, 1:2], k=4, kccaFamily("kmeans"))
cl1    
#
# call:
# kcca(x = dat[dat[["train"]] == TRUE, 1:2], k = 4)
#
# cluster sizes:
#
#  1   2   3   4 
#130 181  98  91 

pred_train <- predict(cl1)
pred_test <- predict(cl1, newdata=dat[dat[["train"]]==FALSE, 1:2])

image(cl1)
points(dat[dat[["train"]]==TRUE, 1:2], col=pred_train, pch=19, cex=0.3)
points(dat[dat[["train"]]==FALSE, 1:2], col=pred_test, pch=22, bg="orange")

还有一些转换方法可以将结果从群集函数（如stats::kmeans或）cluster::pam转换为类的对象，kcca反之亦然：

as.kcca(cl, data=x)
# kcca object of family ‘kmeans’ 
#
# call:
# as.kcca(object = cl, data = x)
#
# cluster sizes:
#
#  1  2 
#  50 50 

步骤1：计算向量与矩阵每一行之间距离的函数

calc_vec2mat_dist = function(x, ref_mat) {
    # compute row-wise vec2vec distance 
    apply(ref_mat, 1, function(r) sum((r - x)^2))
}

步骤2：将vec2mat计算机应用到input_matrix的每一行的功能

calc_mat2mat_dist = function(input_mat, ref_mat) {

    dist_mat = apply(input_mat, 1, function(r) calc_vec2mat_dist(r, ref_mat))

    # transpose to have each row for each input datapoint
    # each column for each centroids
    cbind(t(dist_mat), max.col(-t(dist_mat)))
}

第三步。应用mat2mat函数

calc_mat2mat_dist(my_input_mat, kmeans_model$centers)

步骤4。（可选）使用plyr :: ddply和doMC为大型数据集并行化mat2mat

library(doMC)
library(plyr)

pred_cluster_para = function(input_df, center_mat, cl_feat, id_cols, use_ncore = 8) {
    # assign cluster lables for each individual (row) in the input_df 
    # input: input_df   - dataframe with all features used in clustering, plus some id/indicator columns
    # input: center_mat - matrix of centroid, K rows by M features
    # input: cl_feat    - list of features (col names)
    # input: id_cols    - list of index cols (e.g. id) to include in output 
    # output: output_df - dataframe with same number of rows as input, 
    #         K columns of distances to each clusters
    #         1 column of cluster_labels
    #         x column of indices in idx_cols

    n_cluster = nrow(center_mat)
    n_feat = ncol(center_mat)
    n_input = nrow(input_df)

    if(!(typeof(center_mat) %in% c('double','interger') & is.matrix(center_mat))){
        stop('The argument "center_mat" must be numeric matrix')
    } else if(length(cl_feat) != n_feat) {
        stop(sprintf('cl_feat size: %d , center_mat n_col: %d, they have to match!',length(cl_feat), n_feat))
    } else {
        # register MultiCore backend through doMC and foreach package
        doMC::registerDoMC(cores = use_ncore)

        # create job_key for mapping/spliting the input data
        input_df[,'job_idx'] = sample(1:use_ncore, n_input, replace = TRUE)

        # create row_key for tracing the original row order which will be shuffled by mapreduce
        input_df[,'row_idx'] = seq(n_input)

        # use ddply (df input, df output) to split-process-combine
        output_df = ddply(
            input_df[, c('job_idx','row_idx',cl_feat,id_cols)], # input big data 
            'job_idx',                       # map/split by job_idx
            function(chunk) {                # work on each chunk
                dist = data.frame(calc_mat2mat_dist(chunk[,cl_feat], center_mat))
                names(dist) = c(paste0('dist2c_', seq(n_cluster)), 'pred_cluster')
                dist[,id_cols] = chunk[,id_cols]
                dist[,'row_idx'] = chunk[,'row_idx']
                dist                        # product of mapper
                        }, .parallel = TRUE) # end of ddply
        # sort back to original row order

        output_df = output_df[order(output_df$row_idx),]
        output_df[c('job_idx')] = NULL
        return(output_df)
    }

}