基本自举置信区间的覆盖概率

我正在研究的课程存在以下问题：

进行蒙特卡洛研究，以估计标准正常自举置信区间和基本自举置信区间的覆盖概率。从正常人群中抽样，并检查样本均值的经验覆盖率。

标准普通引导程序CI的覆盖率很容易：

n = 1000;
alpha = c(0.025, 0.975);
x = rnorm(n, 0, 1);
mu = mean(x);
sqrt.n = sqrt(n);

LNorm = numeric(B);
UNorm = numeric(B);

for(j in 1:B)
{
    smpl = x[sample(1:n, size = n, replace = TRUE)];
    xbar = mean(smpl);
    s = sd(smpl);

    LNorm[j] = xbar + qnorm(alpha[1]) * (s / sqrt.n);
    UNorm[j] = xbar + qnorm(alpha[2]) * (s / sqrt.n);
}

mean(LNorm < 0 & UNorm > 0); # Approximates to 0.95
# NOTE: it is not good enough to look at overall coverage
# Must compute separately for each tail

根据本课程所学的内容，可以如下计算基本的引导置信区间：

# Using x from previous...
R = boot(data = x, R=1000, statistic = function(x, i){ mean(x[i]); });
result = 2 * mu - quantile(R$t, alpha, type=1);

那讲得通。我不了解的是如何计算基本引导CI的覆盖率。我了解覆盖率将代表CI包含真实值的次数（在这种情况下为mu）。我是否boot多次运行该函数？

我该如何不同地对待这个问题？

该术语可能不一致，因此以下仅是我对原始问题的理解。据我了解，您计算出的普通配置项不是所要求的。每组引导程序复制给您一个置信区间，但并不多。根据一组引导复制的结果计算不同CI类型的方法如下：

B    <- 999                  # number of replicates
muH0 <- 100                  # for generating data: true mean
sdH0 <- 40                   # for generating data: true sd
N    <- 200                  # sample size
DV   <- rnorm(N, muH0, sdH0) # simulated data: original sample

boot$M^{\star}$$\mu$$S_{M}^{2\star}$$\sigma_{M}^{2}$$t$

> getM <- function(orgDV, idx) {
+     bsM   <- mean(orgDV[idx])                       # M*
+     bsS2M <- (((N-1) / N) * var(orgDV[idx])) / N    # S^2*(M)
+     c(bsM, bsS2M)
+ }

> library(boot)                                       # for boot(), boot.ci()
> bOut <- boot(DV, statistic=getM, R=B)
> boot.ci(bOut, conf=0.95, type=c("basic", "perc", "norm", "stud"))
BOOTSTRAP CONFIDENCE INTERVAL CALCULATIONS
Based on 999 bootstrap replicates
CALL : 
boot.ci(boot.out = bOut, conf = 0.95, type = c("basic", "perc", "norm", "stud"))

Intervals : 
Level      Normal            Basic         Studentized        Percentile    
95%   ( 95.6, 106.0 )   ( 95.7, 106.2 )  ( 95.4, 106.2 )   ( 95.4, 106.0 )  
Calculations and Intervals on Original Scale

不使用包，boot您可以简单地使用replicate()以获取一组引导复制。

boots <- t(replicate(B, getM(DV, sample(seq(along=DV), replace=TRUE))))

但是，让我们坚持从中boot.ci()获得参考。

boots   <- bOut$t                     # estimates from all replicates
M       <- mean(DV)                   # M from original sample
S2M     <- (((N-1)/N) * var(DV)) / N  # S^2(M) from original sample
Mstar   <- boots[ , 1]                # M* for each replicate
S2Mstar <- boots[ , 2]                # S^2*(M) for each replicate
biasM   <- mean(Mstar) - M            # bias of estimator M

$t$$\alpha/2$$1 - \alpha/2$boot.ci()

(idx <- trunc((B + 1) * c(0.05/2, 1 - 0.05/2)) # indices for sorted vector of estimates
[1] 25 975

> (ciBasic <- 2*M - sort(Mstar)[idx])          # basic CI
[1] 106.21826  95.65911

> (ciPerc <- sort(Mstar)[idx])                 # percentile CI
[1] 95.42188 105.98103

$t$$t^{\star}$$t$$z$

# standard normal CI with bias correction
> zCrit   <- qnorm(c(0.025, 0.975))   # z-quantiles from std-normal distribution
> (ciNorm <- M - biasM + zCrit * sqrt(var(Mstar)))
[1] 95.5566 106.0043

> tStar <- (Mstar-M) / sqrt(S2Mstar)  # t*
> tCrit <- sort(tStar)[idx]           # t-quantiles from empirical t* distribution
> (ciT  <- M - tCrit * sqrt(S2M))     # studentized t-CI
[1] 106.20690  95.44878

为了估计这些CI类型的覆盖率，您将不得不多次运行此模拟。只需将代码包装到一个函数中，返回带有CI结果的列表，然后replicate()按照本要点中所示的方法运行它。