我们正在使用Winbind将RHEL 7.3服务器加入Windows Active Directory服务器（Windows 2012 R2 DC）。我们能够100％地成功将Linux服务器加入域。服务器显示在Windows活动目录中，我们可以查询该目录。
问题是大多数情况下域凭据不会立即生效，SSH会向我们显示“访问被拒绝”错误。我们必须等待10分钟到4-5个小时，然后域凭据才能起作用。在某些情况下，我们将重新启动winbind，这将立即解决问题，但这并不能始终解决身份验证问题。我们还尝试了完全重启。
为安全起见，混淆了域值。
[root@acmeprodweb01 ~]# realm list
domain.com
type: kerberos
realm-name: DOMAIN.COM
domain-name: domain.com
configured: kerberos-member
server-software: active-directory
client-software: winbind
required-package: oddjob-mkhomedir
required-package: oddjob
required-package: samba-winbind-clients
required-package: samba-winbind
required-package: samba-common-tools
login-formats: DOMAIN+%U
login-policy: allow-any-login
域用户：
[root@acmeprodweb01 ~]# id DOMAIN+user
uid=201604(DOMAIN+user) gid=200513(DOMAIN+domain users) groups=200513(DOMAIN+domain users),201604(DOMAIN+user),214118(DOMAIN+linux-sysadmin-tools),214138(DOMAIN+usr_localadmin)
值得的是，在以本地帐户登录后，我可以使用域控制器制作票证：
Default principal: user@DOMAIN.COM
Valid starting Expires Service principal
02/17/2017 21:35:25 02/18/2017 07:35:25 krbtgt/DOMAIN.COM@DOMAIN.COM
renew until 02/23/2017 21:35:25
这是我们在尝试登录拒绝域凭据的服务器时收到的错误：
Feb 17 20:47:55 acmeprodweb01 sshd[2218]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=10.46.129.254 user=DOMAIN+user
Feb 17 20:47:55 acmeprodweb01 sshd[2218]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): getting password (0x00000390)
Feb 17 20:47:55 acmeprodweb01 sshd[2218]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): pam_get_item returned a password
Feb 17 20:47:55 acmeprodweb01 sshd[2218]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): request wbcLogonUser failed: WBC_ERR_AUTH_ERROR, PAM error: PAM_SYSTEM_ERR (4), NTSTATUS: NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED, Error message was: Access denied
Feb 17 20:47:55 acmeprodweb01 sshd[2218]: pam_winbind(sshd:auth): internal module error (retval = PAM_SYSTEM_ERR(4), user = 'DOMAIN+user')
这是我们的配置文件：
[global]
workgroup = DOMAIN
security = ads
passdb backend = tdbsam
printing = cups
printcap name = cups
load printers = yes
cups options = raw
kerberos method = system keytab
template homedir = /home/%D/%U
template shell = /bin/bash
realm = DOMAIN.COM
#idmap backend = tdb
#idmap gid = 10000-2000000
#idmap uid = 10000-2000000
winbind use default domain = no
winbind refresh tickets = yes
winbind offline logon = yes
winbind enum groups = no
winbind enum users = no
winbind separator = +
idmap config * : backend = rid
idmap config * : range = 200000-299999
idmap config * : rangesize = 10000
idmap config INTMGMT : backend = rid
idmap config INTMGMT : range = 100000-199999
idmap config INTMGMT : rangesize = 10000
password server = domain.com
allow trusted domains = yes
log level = 10
debug pid = true
max log size = 0
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
valid users = %S, %D%w%S
browseable = No
read only = No
inherit acls = Yes
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/tmp
printable = Yes
create mask = 0600
browseable = No
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
write list = root
create mask = 0664
directory mask = 0775
还有我们的pam.d system-auth配置：
auth required pam_env.so
auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass
auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 1000 quiet_success
auth sufficient pam_winbind.so cached_login use_first_pass
auth required pam_faillock.so preauth audit silent deny=3 unlock_time=900
auth [success=1 default=bad] pam_unix.so
auth [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail audit deny=3 unlock_time=900
auth sufficient pam_faillock.so authsucc audit deny=3 unlock_time=900
auth required pam_deny.so
account required pam_unix.so broken_shadow
account sufficient pam_localuser.so
account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 1000 quiet
account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_winbind.so cached_login
account required pam_permit.so
# implements CIS 5.3.1, GISOD-PR Retry Rule
password requisite pam_pwquality.so try_first_pass local_users_only retry=3 authtok_type=
# implement CIS 5.3.3, GISOD-PR History Rule, CIS 5.3.4
password sufficient pam_unix.so shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok remember=24 sha512
password sufficient pam_winbind.so use_authtok
password required pam_deny.so
session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke
session required pam_limits.so
-session optional pam_systemd.so
session optional pam_oddjob_mkhomedir.so umask=0077
session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid
session required pam_unix.so
session optional pam_winbind.so cached_login warn_pwd_expire=7
希望这是足够的信息，否则请随时询问。