pip错误：找不到Fortran编译器，但编译器已经存在

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我正在尝试使用pip为PyAstronomy安装外部库： 

pip install PyAstronomy_ext

我通过Anaconda命令提示符执行此操作。 我第一次运行命令时出现以下错误： 

building 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' extension
error: extension 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' has Fortran sources but no Fortran compiler found

----------------------------------------
Failed building wheel for PyAstronomy-ext

和 

Command "c:\users\matte\anaconda3\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\matte\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-5pkiwi34\\PyAstronomy-ext\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\matte\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-bok3jklv\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\matte\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-5pkiwi34\PyAstronomy-ext\

所以我在互联网上查了一下这个 话题 。  我安装了MinGW并下载了所有与Fortran相关的软件包，并确保我还编写了一个测试脚本并使用gFortran编译它，并且它工作正常。

当我尝试再次运行安装时，会弹出相同的错误。

该 回答 还提到了这个：

安装完成后，将其二进制文件的路径添加到系统PATH中。

但我无法理解它的含义，我尝试从中运行安装命令 C:\MinGW\bin 但同样的错误发生。

如果您需要包含错误的整个控制台对话框： 

Collecting PyAstronomy_ext
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/32/11/27b1fee690d7d5801580da2c25145a6fcce3ad3d0a1b8c41de09d5615825/PyAstronomy_ext-1.tar.gz
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in c:\users\matte\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from PyAstronomy_ext) (1.16.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six in c:\users\matte\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from PyAstronomy_ext) (1.11.0)
Building wheels for collected packages: PyAstronomy-ext
  Building wheel for PyAstronomy-ext (setup.py) ... error
  Complete output from command c:\users\matte\anaconda3\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\matte\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-cg99ug7_\\PyAstronomy-ext\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d C:\Users\matte\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-0gj25_97 --python-tag cp36:
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running config_cc
  unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
  running config_fc
  unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
  running build_src
  build_src
  building extension "PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl" sources
  f2py options: []
    adding 'build\src.win-amd64-3.6\build\src.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans\fortranobject.c' to sources.
    adding 'build\src.win-amd64-3.6\build\src.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans' to include_dirs.
  building extension "PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultquad" sources
  f2py options: []
    adding 'build\src.win-amd64-3.6\build\src.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans\fortranobject.c' to sources.
    adding 'build\src.win-amd64-3.6\build\src.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans' to include_dirs.
    adding 'build\src.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans\occultquad-f2pywrappers.f' to sources.
  build_src: building npy-pkg config files
  running build_py
  creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
  creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext
  copying PyAstronomy_ext\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext
  creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans
  copying PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans
  running build_ext
  No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils
  customize MSVCCompiler
  customize MSVCCompiler using build_ext
  get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu', 'intelv', 'absoft', 'compaqv', 'intelev', 'gnu95', 'g95', 'intelvem', 'intelem', 'flang']'
  customize GnuFCompiler
  Could not locate executable g77
  Could not locate executable f77
  customize IntelVisualFCompiler
  Could not locate executable ifort
  Could not locate executable ifl
  customize AbsoftFCompiler
  Could not locate executable f90
  customize CompaqVisualFCompiler
  Could not locate executable DF
  customize IntelItaniumVisualFCompiler
  Could not locate executable efl
  customize Gnu95FCompiler
  Could not locate executable gfortran
  Could not locate executable f95
  customize G95FCompiler
  Could not locate executable g95
  customize IntelEM64VisualFCompiler
  customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
  Could not locate executable efort
  Could not locate executable efc
  customize PGroupFlangCompiler
  Could not locate executable flang
  don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'nt'
  warning: build_ext: f77_compiler=None is not available.

  building 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' extension
  error: extension 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' has Fortran sources but no Fortran compiler found

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for PyAstronomy-ext
  Running setup.py clean for PyAstronomy-ext
Failed to build PyAstronomy-ext
Installing collected packages: PyAstronomy-ext
  Running setup.py install for PyAstronomy-ext ... error
    Complete output from command c:\users\matte\anaconda3\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\matte\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-cg99ug7_\\PyAstronomy-ext\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\matte\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-5q39xvki\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    running install
    running build
    running config_cc
    unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options
    running config_fc
    unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options
    running build_src
    build_src
    building extension "PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl" sources
    f2py options: []
      adding 'build\src.win-amd64-3.6\build\src.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans\fortranobject.c' to sources.
      adding 'build\src.win-amd64-3.6\build\src.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans' to include_dirs.
    building extension "PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultquad" sources
    f2py options: []
      adding 'build\src.win-amd64-3.6\build\src.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans\fortranobject.c' to sources.
      adding 'build\src.win-amd64-3.6\build\src.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans' to include_dirs.
      adding 'build\src.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans\occultquad-f2pywrappers.f' to sources.
    build_src: building npy-pkg config files
    running build_py
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext
    copying PyAstronomy_ext\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans
    copying PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.6\PyAstronomy_ext\forTrans
    running build_ext
    No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils
    customize MSVCCompiler
    customize MSVCCompiler using build_ext
    get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu', 'intelv', 'absoft', 'compaqv', 'intelev', 'gnu95', 'g95', 'intelvem', 'intelem', 'flang']'
    customize GnuFCompiler
    Could not locate executable g77
    Could not locate executable f77
    customize IntelVisualFCompiler
    Could not locate executable ifort
    Could not locate executable ifl
    customize AbsoftFCompiler
    Could not locate executable f90
    customize CompaqVisualFCompiler
    Could not locate executable DF
    customize IntelItaniumVisualFCompiler
    Could not locate executable efl
    customize Gnu95FCompiler
    Could not locate executable gfortran
    Could not locate executable f95
    customize G95FCompiler
    Could not locate executable g95
    customize IntelEM64VisualFCompiler
    customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
    Could not locate executable efort
    Could not locate executable efc
    customize PGroupFlangCompiler
    Could not locate executable flang
    don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'nt'
    warning: build_ext: f77_compiler=None is not available.

    building 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' extension
    error: extension 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' has Fortran sources but no Fortran compiler found

    ----------------------------------------
Command "c:\users\matte\anaconda3\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\matte\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-cg99ug7_\\PyAstronomy-ext\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\matte\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-5q39xvki\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\matte\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cg99ug7_\PyAstronomy-ext\

编辑：我能够通过做一些挖掘来解决问题，我不得不写一个 distutils.cfg 档案 C:\...\Anaconda3\Lib\distutils 以下内容： 

[build]           
compiler=mingw32

然后从Anaconda提示符运行以下命令： 

conda install libpython
conda install -c msys2 m2w64-toolchain

之后 pip install PyAstronomy_ext 工作得很好。

我要离开这里以防万一遇到这个问题。

installation  python  pip  mingw  anaconda 
— Matteo Xon
source
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