从Linux命令行将文件上传到S3帐户

我的Linux托管帐户中有几个大文件，需要将其上传到S3帐户。我不想先下载它们，然后将它们上传到S3。

有什么办法可以通过Linux命令行“上传”它？还是可以通过与Lynx合作的网站来访问它？

S3cmd可以满足您的需求。上载和下载文件，同步目录并创建存储桶。

S3cmd是一个免费的命令行工具和客户端，用于在Amazon S3和其他使用S3协议的云存储服务提供商（例如Google Cloud Storage或DreamHost DreamObjects）中上载，检索和管理数据。它最适合熟悉命令行程序的高级用户。它也是批处理脚本以及从cron等触发的自动备份到S3的理想选择。

Amazon现在也提供了自己的CLI工具。

从http://aws.amazon.com/cli/

使用熟悉的语法，您可以在基于目录的列表中查看S3存储桶的内容。

$ aws s3 ls s3://mybucket
      LastWriteTime     Length Name
      -------------     ------ ----
                           PRE myfolder/
2013-09-03 10:00:00       1234 myfile.txt
...

您可以在单个文件夹级命令中执行多个文件的递归上载和下载。AWS CLI将并行运行这些传输以提高性能。

$ aws s3 cp myfolder s3://mybucket/myfolder --recursive
upload: myfolder/file1.txt to s3://mybucket/myfolder/file1.txt
upload: myfolder/subfolder/file1.txt to s3://mybucket/myfolder/subfolder/file1.txt
...

使用sync命令可以轻松地将本地文件夹的内容与S3存储桶中的副本进行同步。

$ aws s3 sync myfolder s3://mybucket/myfolder --exclude *.tmp
upload: myfolder/newfile.txt to s3://mybucket/myfolder/newfile.txt
...

文件相关命令的文档在此处。

如果您不能（也许您位于共享主机上）或不想安装其他工具，则可以只使用bash，curl和openssl。

http://tmont.com/blargh/2014/1/uploading-to-s3-in-bash

file=/path/to/file/to/upload.tar.gz
bucket=your-bucket
resource="/${bucket}/${file}"
contentType="application/x-compressed-tar"
dateValue=`date -R`
stringToSign="PUT\n\n${contentType}\n${dateValue}\n${resource}"
s3Key=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
s3Secret=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
signature=`echo -en ${stringToSign} | openssl sha1 -hmac ${s3Secret} -binary | base64`
curl -L -X PUT -T "${file}" \
  -H "Host: ${bucket}.s3.amazonaws.com" \
  -H "Date: ${dateValue}" \
  -H "Content-Type: ${contentType}" \
  -H "Authorization: AWS ${s3Key}:${signature}" \
  https://${bucket}.s3.amazonaws.com/${file}

请注意，我从上面链接中的脚本修改了此脚本。我添加了该-L选项，因为AWS可能会在其中插入重定向。该-L选项将为您执行重定向。

另一个警告。这不适用于大于5GB的文件。那些需要分段上传，这将需要更复杂的脚本。

符合POSIX的shell脚本，仅需要openssl，curl和sed；支持区域eu-central-1（法兰克福）所需的AWS Signature版本4， 并建议其他版本使用：

https://gist.github.com/vszakats/2917d28a951844ab80b1

#!/bin/sh -u

# To the extent possible under law, Viktor Szakats (vszakats.net)
# has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this
# script.
# CC0 - https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

# Upload a file to Amazon AWS S3 using Signature Version 4
#
# docs:
#    https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/sigv4-create-canonical-request.html
#
# requires:
#    curl, openssl 1.x, GNU sed, LF EOLs in this file

fileLocal="${1:-example-local-file.ext}"
bucket="${2:-example-bucket}"
region="${3:-}"
storageClass="${4:-STANDARD}"  # or 'REDUCED_REDUNDANCY'

m_openssl() {
  if [ -f /usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/bin/openssl ]; then
    /usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/bin/openssl "$@"
  elif [ -f /usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/openssl ]; then
    /usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/openssl "$@"
  else
    openssl "$@"
  fi
}

m_sed() {
  if which gsed > /dev/null 2>&1; then
    gsed "$@"
  else
    sed "$@"
  fi
}

awsStringSign4() {
  kSecret="AWS4$1"
  kDate=$(printf         '%s' "$2" | m_openssl dgst -sha256 -hex -mac HMAC -macopt "key:${kSecret}"     2>/dev/null | m_sed 's/^.* //')
  kRegion=$(printf       '%s' "$3" | m_openssl dgst -sha256 -hex -mac HMAC -macopt "hexkey:${kDate}"    2>/dev/null | m_sed 's/^.* //')
  kService=$(printf      '%s' "$4" | m_openssl dgst -sha256 -hex -mac HMAC -macopt "hexkey:${kRegion}"  2>/dev/null | m_sed 's/^.* //')
  kSigning=$(printf 'aws4_request' | m_openssl dgst -sha256 -hex -mac HMAC -macopt "hexkey:${kService}" 2>/dev/null | m_sed 's/^.* //')
  signedString=$(printf  '%s' "$5" | m_openssl dgst -sha256 -hex -mac HMAC -macopt "hexkey:${kSigning}" 2>/dev/null | m_sed 's/^.* //')
  printf '%s' "${signedString}"
}

iniGet() {
  # based on: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22550265/read-certain-key-from-certain-section-of-ini-file-sed-awk#comment34321563_22550640
  printf '%s' "$(m_sed -n -E "/\[$2\]/,/\[.*\]/{/$3/s/(.*)=[ \\t]*(.*)/\2/p}" "$1")"
}

# Initialize access keys

if [ -z "${AWS_CONFIG_FILE:-}" ]; then
  if [ -z "${AWS_ACCESS_KEY:-}" ]; then
    echo 'AWS_CONFIG_FILE or AWS_ACCESS_KEY/AWS_SECRET_KEY envvars not set.'
    exit 1
  else
    awsAccess="${AWS_ACCESS_KEY}"
    awsSecret="${AWS_SECRET_KEY}"
    awsRegion='us-east-1'
  fi
else
  awsProfile='default'

  # Read standard aws-cli configuration file
  # pointed to by the envvar AWS_CONFIG_FILE
  awsAccess="$(iniGet "${AWS_CONFIG_FILE}" "${awsProfile}" 'aws_access_key_id')"
  awsSecret="$(iniGet "${AWS_CONFIG_FILE}" "${awsProfile}" 'aws_secret_access_key')"
  awsRegion="$(iniGet "${AWS_CONFIG_FILE}" "${awsProfile}" 'region')"
fi

# Initialize defaults

fileRemote="${fileLocal}"

if [ -z "${region}" ]; then
  region="${awsRegion}"
fi

echo "Uploading" "${fileLocal}" "->" "${bucket}" "${region}" "${storageClass}"
echo "| $(uname) | $(m_openssl version) | $(m_sed --version | head -1) |"

# Initialize helper variables

httpReq='PUT'
authType='AWS4-HMAC-SHA256'
service='s3'
baseUrl=".${service}.amazonaws.com"
dateValueS=$(date -u +'%Y%m%d')
dateValueL=$(date -u +'%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ')
if hash file 2>/dev/null; then
  contentType="$(file -b --mime-type "${fileLocal}")"
else
  contentType='application/octet-stream'
fi

# 0. Hash the file to be uploaded

if [ -f "${fileLocal}" ]; then
  payloadHash=$(m_openssl dgst -sha256 -hex < "${fileLocal}" 2>/dev/null | m_sed 's/^.* //')
else
  echo "File not found: '${fileLocal}'"
  exit 1
fi

# 1. Create canonical request

# NOTE: order significant in ${headerList} and ${canonicalRequest}

headerList='content-type;host;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date;x-amz-server-side-encryption;x-amz-storage-class'

canonicalRequest="\
${httpReq}
/${fileRemote}

content-type:${contentType}
host:${bucket}${baseUrl}
x-amz-content-sha256:${payloadHash}
x-amz-date:${dateValueL}
x-amz-server-side-encryption:AES256
x-amz-storage-class:${storageClass}

${headerList}
${payloadHash}"

# Hash it

canonicalRequestHash=$(printf '%s' "${canonicalRequest}" | m_openssl dgst -sha256 -hex 2>/dev/null | m_sed 's/^.* //')

# 2. Create string to sign

stringToSign="\
${authType}
${dateValueL}
${dateValueS}/${region}/${service}/aws4_request
${canonicalRequestHash}"

# 3. Sign the string

signature=$(awsStringSign4 "${awsSecret}" "${dateValueS}" "${region}" "${service}" "${stringToSign}")

# Upload

curl -s -L --proto-redir =https -X "${httpReq}" -T "${fileLocal}" \
  -H "Content-Type: ${contentType}" \
  -H "Host: ${bucket}${baseUrl}" \
  -H "X-Amz-Content-SHA256: ${payloadHash}" \
  -H "X-Amz-Date: ${dateValueL}" \
  -H "X-Amz-Server-Side-Encryption: AES256" \
  -H "X-Amz-Storage-Class: ${storageClass}" \
  -H "Authorization: ${authType} Credential=${awsAccess}/${dateValueS}/${region}/${service}/aws4_request, SignedHeaders=${headerList}, Signature=${signature}" \
  "https://${bucket}${baseUrl}/${fileRemote}"

注意，该脚本将启用服务器端

默认情况下为AES256加密。

或者，您可以尝试https://github.com/minio/mc

mc提供最少的工具来与Amazon S3兼容的云存储和文件系统一起使用。它具有可恢复上传，进度条，并行复制等功能。mc用Golang编写，并以Apache许可v2发行。

我发现boto软件包（pip install boto）中的Python的AWS绑定对于将数据上传到S3很有帮助。

可以将以下脚本命名为：python script_name.py "sub_bucket_name" "*.zip"其中sub_bucket_name指示应在S3中存储文件的目录名称，并且*.zip是指定要上传的一个或多个文件的全局路径：

import sys, glob, os, boto
from boto.s3.key import Key

def percent_cb(complete, total):
    sys.stdout.write('.')
    sys.stdout.flush()

id = '< your id here >'               # AWS Access Key ID
secret = '< your secret here >'       # AWS Secret Access Key
bucket_name = '< your bucket here >'  # Bucket wherein content will be stored
conn = boto.connect_s3(id, secret)    # Establish a connection to S3
bucket = conn.get_bucket(bucket_name, validate=False)  # Connect to bucket
k  = Key(bucket)                      # Connect to the bucket's key

for i in glob.glob(sys.argv[2]):      # Read in files to push to S3

        sub_bucket = sys.argv[1]  # Directory within bucket where files will be stored
        k.key = sub_bucket + "/" + os.path.basename(i) # Path each uploaded file will have on S3

        k.set_contents_from_filename(i, cb=percent_cb, num_cb=10)  # Push data to S3

        print 'Uploading %s to Amazon S3 bucket %s' % (i, bucket_name)  # Report status