是什么原因导致我的USB硬盘在卸载后停止工作？

我最近买了一台外置硬盘，用于我的Linux笔记本。硬盘驱动器规格为USB 3.0，而笔记本电脑仅支持USB 2.0。

当我插入它时，驱动器似乎工作正常。这是/ var / log / messages中的相关部分：

Jun 17 20:36:53 mosquito kernel: usb 1-4: new high-speed USB device number 8 using ehci_hcd
Jun 17 20:36:53 mosquito kernel: scsi8 : usb-storage 1-4:1.0
Jun 17 20:36:53 mosquito mtp-probe: checking bus 1, device 8: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-4"
Jun 17 20:36:53 mosquito mtp-probe: bus: 1, device: 8 was not an MTP device
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access     BUFFALO  HD-PNTU3         0001 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] 1953463728 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/931 GiB)
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 1f 00 00 08
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sdb: sdb1
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page present
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
Jun 17 20:36:59 mosquito ata_id[7293]: HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed for '/dev/.tmp-block-8:16'
Jun 17 20:37:16 mosquito ntfs-3g[7305]: Version 2012.1.15 external FUSE 28
Jun 17 20:37:16 mosquito ntfs-3g[7305]: Mounted /dev/sdb1 (Read-Write, label "HD-PNTU3", NTFS 3.1)
Jun 17 20:37:16 mosquito ntfs-3g[7305]: Cmdline options: rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks
Jun 17 20:37:16 mosquito ntfs-3g[7305]: Mount options: rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,allow_other,nonempty,relatime,fsname=/dev/sdb1,blkdev,blksize=4096
Jun 17 20:37:16 mosquito ntfs-3g[7305]: Ownership and permissions disabled, configuration type 7

我可以将文件复制到驱动器，一切似乎都正常。但是，只要卸载驱动器，我就会得到以下日志输出：

Jun 17 20:37:23 mosquito ntfs-3g[7305]: Unmounting /dev/sdb1 (HD-PNTU3)
Jun 17 20:37:23 mosquito ata_id[7324]: HDIO_GET_IDENTITY failed for '/dev/sdb'
Jun 17 20:37:24 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Device not ready
Jun 17 20:37:24 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb]  Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=0x08
Jun 17 20:37:24 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb]  Sense Key : 0x2 [current] 
Jun 17 20:37:24 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb]  ASC=0x3a ASCQ=0x0
Jun 17 20:37:24 mosquito kernel: sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: cdb[0]=0x28: 28 00 74 6f 7d 00 00 00 08 00
Jun 17 20:37:24 mosquito kernel: end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 1953463552
Jun 17 20:37:24 mosquito kernel: quiet_error: 200 callbacks suppressed
Jun 17 20:37:24 mosquito kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb, logical block 244182944

在更改后重复此值 logical block 部分，有时没有 Buffer I/O error [...] 线。

当我再次尝试安装驱动器时，错误会再次重复，mount会告诉我它无法读取超级块。我将驱动器插入并重新插入后问题才消失。

可能是什么导致了这个？这可能是驱动程序或兼容性问题还是磁盘故障？我该如何验证？

当我弹出驱动器时，我的大多数USB存储设备都是这样的。

您是通过cmdline自行卸载分区，还是单击“卸载/弹出驱动器”？

简单地卸载分区不会导致此问题，而弹出分区会阻止我重新安装，除非我断开连接并重新连接。

您可以使用“重置”驱动器的可安装性（！） partprobe 。它出现在'' 分手 '包。

通常必须以root身份运行才能执行重置（好吧，就像重置一样）。

sudo partprobe

将刷新所有连接的设备，同时

sudo partprobe /dev/sdc

将重置/刷新sdc设备上的分区。