我只是拿了一台工作正常的Gateway P4台式计算机，并将其从16.04LTS一直升级到17.10，没有任何问题。尝试安装18.04LTS时，我无法启动。
我以许多不同的方式重新安装，但启动问题没有得到改善。Ubuntu徽标出现，并且点闪烁几次，然后鼠标指针冻结，并且系统完全没有响应。如果我从grub的内核行中删除了“ quiet splash”，我可以看到它在启动第一个用户帐户120之后不久就停止了。
这是一个线索...如果我将“ quiet splash”替换为nomodeset，它将完全启动，但仅处于640x480模式。
这是i915视频信息...
*-display UNCLAIMED
description: VGA compatible controller
product: 82945G/GZ Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:e0300000-e037ffff ioport:20e0(size=8) memory:d0000000-dfffffff memory:e0380000-e03bffff memory:c0000-dffff
我怀疑我需要为grub添加一个特殊的i915视频控制器内核参数，以使视频正常工作。关于什么参数可能是...的任何其他想法？
更新＃1：我刚刚发现，如果我启动到“恢复模式”，然后选择“恢复正常启动”，它将完全启动到1024x768 4：3（应为16：9）的桌面。
更新＃2：从17.10升级到18.04，引导失败。重新安装18.04，启动失败。删除磁盘分区并清理18.04，引导失败。安装“建议的” 18.04软件后，启动仍然失败。Ubuntu Live DVD可以正常工作。
更新＃3：我找到了i915参数的列表...
~$ modinfo -p i915
modeset:Use kernel modesetting [KMS] (0=disable, 1=on, -1=force vga console preference [default]) (int)
panel_ignore_lid:Override lid status (0=autodetect, 1=autodetect disabled [default], -1=force lid closed, -2=force lid open) (int)
semaphores:Use semaphores for inter-ring sync (default: -1 (use per-chip defaults)) (int)
enable_rc6:Enable power-saving render C-state 6. Different stages can be selected via bitmask values (0 = disable; 1 = enable rc6; 2 = enable deep rc6; 4 = enable deepest rc6). For example, 3 would enable rc6 and deep rc6, and 7 would enable everything. default: -1 (use per-chip default) (int)
enable_dc:Enable power-saving display C-states. (-1=auto [default]; 0=disable; 1=up to DC5; 2=up to DC6) (int)
enable_fbc:Enable frame buffer compression for power savings (default: -1 (use per-chip default)) (int)
lvds_channel_mode:Specify LVDS channel mode (0=probe BIOS [default], 1=single-channel, 2=dual-channel) (int)
lvds_use_ssc:Use Spread Spectrum Clock with panels [LVDS/eDP] (default: auto from VBT) (int)
vbt_sdvo_panel_type:Override/Ignore selection of SDVO panel mode in the VBT (-2=ignore, -1=auto [default], index in VBT BIOS table) (int)
reset:Attempt GPU resets (default: true) (bool)
error_capture:Record the GPU state following a hang. This information in /sys/class/drm/card<N>/error is vital for triaging and debugging hangs. (bool)
enable_hangcheck:Periodically check GPU activity for detecting hangs. WARNING: Disabling this can cause system wide hangs. (default: true) (bool)
enable_ppgtt:Override PPGTT usage. (-1=auto [default], 0=disabled, 1=aliasing, 2=full, 3=full with extended address space) (int)
enable_execlists:Override execlists usage. (-1=auto [default], 0=disabled, 1=enabled) (int)
enable_psr:Enable PSR (0=disabled, 1=enabled - link mode chosen per-platform, 2=force link-standby mode, 3=force link-off mode) Default: -1 (use per-chip default) (int)
alpha_support:Enable alpha quality driver support for latest hardware. See also CONFIG_DRM_I915_ALPHA_SUPPORT. (bool)
disable_power_well:Disable display power wells when possible (-1=auto [default], 0=power wells always on, 1=power wells disabled when possible) (int)
enable_ips:Enable IPS (default: true) (int)
fastboot:Try to skip unnecessary mode sets at boot time (default: false) (bool)
prefault_disable:Disable page prefaulting for pread/pwrite/reloc (default:false). For developers only. (bool)
load_detect_test:Force-enable the VGA load detect code for testing (default:false). For developers only. (bool)
force_reset_modeset_test:Force a modeset during gpu reset for testing (default:false). For developers only. (bool)
invert_brightness:Invert backlight brightness (-1 force normal, 0 machine defaults, 1 force inversion), please report PCI device ID, subsystem vendor and subsystem device ID to dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org, if your machine needs it. It will then be included in an upcoming module version. (int)
disable_display:Disable display (default: false) (bool)
enable_cmd_parser:Enable command parsing (true=enabled [default], false=disabled) (bool)
use_mmio_flip:use MMIO flips (-1=never, 0=driver discretion [default], 1=always) (int)
mmio_debug:Enable the MMIO debug code for the first N failures (default: off). This may negatively affect performance. (int)
verbose_state_checks:Enable verbose logs (ie. WARN_ON()) in case of unexpected hw state conditions. (bool)
nuclear_pageflip:Force enable atomic functionality on platforms that don't have full support yet. (bool)
edp_vswing:Ignore/Override vswing pre-emph table selection from VBT (0=use value from vbt [default], 1=low power swing(200mV),2=default swing(400mV)) (int)
enable_guc_loading:Enable GuC firmware loading (-1=auto, 0=never [default], 1=if available, 2=required) (int)
enable_guc_submission:Enable GuC submission (-1=auto, 0=never [default], 1=if available, 2=required) (int)
guc_log_level:GuC firmware logging level (-1:disabled (default), 0-3:enabled) (int)
guc_firmware_path:GuC firmware path to use instead of the default one (charp)
huc_firmware_path:HuC firmware path to use instead of the default one (charp)
enable_dp_mst:Enable multi-stream transport (MST) for new DisplayPort sinks. (default: true) (bool)
inject_load_failure:Force an error after a number of failure check points (0:disabled (default), N:force failure at the Nth failure check point) (uint)
enable_dpcd_backlight:Enable support for DPCD backlight control (default:false) (bool)
enable_gvt:Enable support for Intel GVT-g graphics virtualization host support(default:false) (bool)
更新＃4：我目前正在i915.modeset=0我的grub内核行中运行，它正在启动，并且我正在获得1024x768（4：3）。
更新＃5：更新到内核4.16.9不能解决问题。
更新＃6： @karel的部分答案提供了足够好的解决方法。从gdm3显示管理器切换到lightdm显示管理器可以正常工作。然后i915.modeset=0，我也可以从grub内核行中删除。
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lightdm
# if lightdm wasn't already installed, it'll ask which dm you want
# if lightdm was already installed, then you need to:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm
# and choose lightdm over gdm3
reboot
更新＃7：
原来，问题不是gdm3 vs lightdm问题。这是旧版Intel GPU的gdm3 / wayland问题。修理...
在terminal...
cd /etc/gdm3＃更改目录sudo pico custom.conf＃编辑此文件
查找和更改：
#WaylandEnable=false
对此：
WaylandEnable=false
保存文件。
sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3＃选择gdm3 DM
选择gdm3，然后单击确定。
reboot＃重新启动计算机
笔记：
https://feeding.cloud.geek.nz/posts/linux-kernel-module-options-on-debian/
在具有某些内置Intel视频的HP紧凑型台式机上，从16升级到18.04后，出现非常相似的症状。初始屏幕在4个红点之后冻结。从/ etc / fstab中删除掉交换行会导致黑屏死机。在启动参数中添加nomodeset可以实现低分辨率启动。在/etc/conf/custom.conf中取消注释WaylandEnable = false似乎已解决了该问题。
—
KalleMP