这是驱动器故障还是其他原因？

我有一岁的开车给我带来麻烦。大约8-10GB的传输后，将数据复制到它失败。它自发地更改为“只读”。格式正确的ext4，我是所有者。在线搜索似乎是驱动器故障的症状。

由于SMART测试表明相反，该如何确认？

我做了明显的检查磁盘实用程序，然后运行了扩展的SMART测试。Disk Utility的所有结果恢复完美。读取错误率和重新分配的扇区显示为零。

我猜这个磁盘坏了，SMART没有检测到它，尽管我不明白为什么。我想确认是什么问题。

我的机器中的其他磁盘没有问题。

fstab：

proc / proc proc nodev，noexec，nosuid 0 0 UUID = 62e11126-3f06-43f0-bd5a-29b411bb8160 / ext4
错误= remount-ro 0 1
UUID = 5e2d6348-be6e-4d5d-8f7f-1a5c1cab7db2 / home UtIDID
默认值0 2 97e594a3-c783-4c73-97c0-682afcdc88b6无swap sw 0 0
/ dev / disk / by-label / Media / media / Media ntfs-3g默认值，user，locale = en_GB.utf8 0 0

的输出dmesg | less：（上面还有数百条“缓冲区I / O错误”行）

[22734.511487] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 302203
[22734.511489] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 302204
[22734.511490] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 302205
[22734.511492] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 302206
[22734.511494] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 302207
[22734.511496] EXT4-fs warning (device sda1): ext4_end_bio:251: I/O error writing to inode 9437465 (offset 4194304 size 524288 starting block 302215)
[22734.511500] ata1: EH complete
[22734.511616] EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_journal_start_sb:327: Detected aborted journal
[22734.511619] EXT4-fs (sda1): Remounting filesystem read-only
[22734.519343] EXT4-fs error (device sda1) in ext4_da_writepages:2298: IO failure
[22734.538566] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_da_writepages: jbd2_start: 601 pages, ino 9437474; err -30
[22734.560225] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x400100 action 0x6 frozen
[22734.560253] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[22734.560256] ata1: SError: { UnrecovData Handshk }
[22734.560258] ata1.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
[22734.560262] ata1.00: cmd 61/00:00:3f:68:25/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 524288 out
[22734.560263]          res 40/00:04:3f:68:25/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[22734.560264] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[22734.560268] ata1: hard resetting link
[22735.047845] ata1: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310)
[22735.052069] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33
[22735.067810] ata1: EH complete
[22735.136249] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x3f SErr 0x400100 action 0x6 frozen  

fsck 结果：

tom@1204-Desktop:~$ sudo fsck /dev/sda1
[sudo] password for tom: 
fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)
New_Volume: recovering journal
New_Volume contains a file system with errors, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
Free blocks count wrong (236669077, counted=236701938).
Fix<y>? yes

Free inodes count wrong (61048336, counted=61048349).
Fix<y>? yes

最后但并非最不重要的是读/写屏幕抓图，这是新的。在测试期间，它过去一直保持相当一致。

编辑-今天早上我打开电源时，驱动器已从/ dev / sda更改为/ dev / sdc，这很奇怪。我敢肯定以前没有发生过，我敢肯定是/ dev / sda。我将SATA电缆换成已知的好电缆，并在大约10GB的传输量时看到了同样的故障。我还没有更改SATA端口，接下来我将尝试。（编辑＃2，它是SATA端口，更改它可以解决问题。将其标记为过于本地化。）

输出 sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family:     Western Digital Caviar Black Device Model:     WDC WD1002FAEX-00Y9A0 Serial Number:    WD-WCAW30776630 LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 25acf2868 Firmware Version:
05.01D05 User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB] Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is:   8 ATA Standard is:  Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated Local Time is:    Fri May 25 07:16:18 2012 BST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values: Offline data collection status:  (0x82)   Offline data collection activity
                    was completed without error.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled. Self-test execution status:      (   0)  The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                    been run. Total time to complete Offline  data collection:      (16500) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities:           (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)  Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine  recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time:    ( 170) minutes. Conveyance self-test routine recommended polling time:      (   5) minutes. SCT capabilities:
           (0x3035) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE   1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always  
-       0   3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   176   173   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       4183   4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032 100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       774   5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always  
-       0   7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0   9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   093   093   000    Old_age   Always       -       5518  10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always  
-       0  11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0  12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       772 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always  
-       39 193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       736 194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022  118   111   000    Old_age   Always       -       29 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always  
-       0 197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always  
-       0 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1 No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 Num  Test_Description  Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      5514         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1  SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing Selective self-test flags (0x0):   After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

由于SMART测试表明相反，该如何确认？

SMART测试是“隔离的”，即一旦smartctl命令驱动器进行测试，驱动器将内部处理所有内容，然后报告。因此，这可能不会揭示驱动器/控制器与主板之间的问题。

• 显而易见的推断是电缆不良，但是磁盘使用率图表不支持这种情况。读取也应该受到影响。仍然，交换电缆/ SATA端口，看看是否有所不同。
• 使用smartctl -t long; 运行长时间的自检；在捕获模式下最快-C（卸载所有分区！），完成后，使用检查状态/错误-l（一旦检测到错误，测试将中止）
• 如果可以解决问题，您还记得软件方面可能触发此问题的任何内容吗？内核升级/降级等？

• 最后，如果您所有其他磁盘都没问题，则驱动器的写缓存控制器很可能是一个奇怪的错误。尽快备份数据和RMA。

  （在评论中发布任何问题，我将更新答案。祝您好运！）