Answers:
Python 3.3已于Ubuntu 12.04发布数月后于 2012年9月29日发布。它作为python3.3软件包包含在Ubuntu 12.10中
如果要在未在其存储库中包含Python 3.3的Ubuntu版本上安装Python 3.3，则可以使用以下选项：
使用PPA
有一个PPA，其中包含Felix Krull维护的旧Python版本和新Python版本。有关安装说明，请参见Luper Rouch的答案。
从源代码编译Python
这非常容易，它允许您拥有多个Python版本，而不会弄乱系统python解释器（很多Ubuntu自己的程序都使用它）。在我的开发机器上，我实际上有几十种不同的Python版本，从2.4到3.2都愉快地生活在/opt。
我们需要C编译器和其他东西来编译Python
sudo apt-get install build-essential需要安装SQLite库才能使Python具有SQLite支持。
sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev
sudo apt-get install sqlite3 # for the command-line client
sudo apt-get install bzip2 libbz2-dev下载并编译Python：
wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.3.5/Python-3.3.5.tar.xz
tar xJf ./Python-3.3.5.tar.xz
cd ./Python-3.3.5
./configure --prefix=/opt/python3.3
make && sudo make installpy通过创建符号链接可以很好地安装命令：
mkdir ~/bin
ln -s /opt/python3.3/bin/python3.3 ~/bin/py或者，您可以安装名为的bash别名py：
echo 'alias py="/opt/python3.3/bin/python3.3"' >> .bashrc就是这样。现在，您可以使用任何 Python版本，甚至是alpha版本，或者说，可以使用不同的设置来编译Python 3.3的一些副本，虽然不是很多人需要它：)
使用pyenv
有一个叫做pyenv的软件可以帮助您自动执行该过程-本质上是从源代码编译Python，然后将其安装在主目录中。它的目标是帮助您管理多个Python版本。
.py带有#!/usr/bin/env pythonshebang行的文件（可执行位已设置），我将如何使它们在/opt/python3.3不修改所有文件的情况下使用此安装？甚至系统安装的。
py myscript.py（py我们在练习结束时创建的符号链接在哪里）。我通常也为我的项目使用virtualenv或buildout。
这是我在Ubuntu 12.04上安装Python 3.3的操作：
安装依赖项：
sudo apt-get build-dep python3.2
sudo apt-get install libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev libssl1.0.0 tk8.5-dev zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev下载Python 3.3.0：
wget http://python.org/ftp/python/3.3.0/Python-3.3.0.tgz提取：
tar xvfz Python-3.3.0.tgz配置和安装：
cd Python-3.3.0
./configure --prefix=/opt/python3.3
make
sudo make install测试是否有效：
/opt/python3.3/bin/python3您应该看到类似的内容：
Python 3.3.0 (default, Jan 31 2013, 18:37:42)
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 一些有用的附加功能...您可以在家里创建一个虚拟环境，然后按需激活Python 3.3。
在家里创建一个虚拟环境：
/opt/python3.3/bin/pyvenv ~/py33激活virtualenv：
source ~/py33/bin/activate安装分发工具：
wget http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py
python distribute_setup.py安装点子：
easy_install pip安装任何您想要的python软件包（例如，瓶子）
pip install bottle请享用！
sudo apt-get build-dep python3.2？您可能install在这之间忘记了：）
build-dep不是包，而是apt-get 动词（如install）。这意味着“ 安装构建所需的源软件包所需的所有软件包 ”
该deadsnakes PPA对新老Python版本的package：
sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3.3Ubuntu 14.04及更早版本：
Python2.7是默认的，使用软件包管理器在Ubuntu上的常规python之上安装python3，Ubuntu可以在没有virtualenv的情况下同时处理2.7和3.2：
sudo apt-get install python3
python3 --version
Python 3.2.3
python --version
Python 2.2.3Ubuntu 18.04：
操作系统默认提供Python3，除非专门安装，否则Python2.7不可用。
三个包名可供选择：python，python-minimal，python-all。默认值为最小。这些单词只是Ubuntu存储库中是否包含其他内容的标志。要确切了解包含哪些子包以及不包含哪些子包，请深入查看以下子包：https : //packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/python
sudo apt install python-minimal
python --version或尝试升级python3：
sudo apt install python3-minimal
python --version要尝试强制使用特定版本，可以尝试传递版本参数：
sudo apt-get install python 3.3.3virtualenv）中。Google搜索：“使用virtualenv隔离python版本”。如果您不使用某种容器，那么您将面临迷宫般的麻烦，因为python在您的计算机上占据了巨大的垃圾，占据了每个角落和缝隙，并且它们以John Cleeseian的方式相互斗争。
对于有兴趣的人，我写了一篇更详细的分步指南，内容涉及如何在Ubuntu 12.04上从源代码本地安装Python 3.3.2，主要是基于阅读上述@sergey的出色回答：http : //nicholsonjf.com/博客/ install-python3-locally-from-source
我编写了一个脚本来自动化非软件包Python版本的所有下载，编译和安装。该脚本将Python版本/opt安全地安装在Python 的软件包管理器和系统版本之外。
对于大多数版本的Ubuntu，它甚至还获取依赖项。它应该可以在当前所有受支持的Ubuntu版本（10.04、12.04、12.10和13.04）上运行，也可能在其他版本上运行。
我将其包括在下面，并将其也发布在我的Github存储库中，该存储库是主位置。
应该将该脚本复制并保存为文本编辑器，例如，build_python并使其成为可执行文件（chmod u+x build_python），然后可以使用两个参数运行该脚本，其中第一个参数必须始终是Python分支，第二个参数必须始终是Python版本。
请参阅python.org以获取要编译的版本的清单。
这是脚本用法的几个示例：
对于稳定版本，在检查列表后，可以按以下方式运行
./build_python '3.3.2' '3.3.2'对于开发版本，清单中的两个参数不同，可以按以下方式运行：
./build_python '3.4.0' '3.4.0a1'该脚本的主体复制在下面（此处未突出显示语法。为此，请参见我的Github页面：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# by mik, aka Exactus29, https://github.com/Exactus29
#
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
##########
# a script to compile the latest stable version of Python and place in /opt
(( $# == 2 )) || { printf "Please provide a version branch (e.g. 3.4.0) and a version release (e.g. 3.4.0a1) in that order.\n"
printf "The official site is python.org, see the ftp server at: http://python.org/ftp/python.\n" >&2 ; exit 1; }
# a splew of variables, so that just the version number can be given on the cmd line
# and then then the script can do the rest, including verifying the packages using gpg
# need different branch and version as sometimes the two are different, particularly for dev releases
py_branch="$1"
py_version="$2"
shift 2
# check if install target already exists in /opt, and exit so user can decide what to do
if [[ -d /opt/python-${py_version} ]]; then
printf "Target directory for the build already exists, please rename or remove.\n" >&2
exit 1
else
:
fi
# use tar.bz2 as that is what most of the older releases used, i.e. in case user tries to build an older release
py_url="http://python.org/ftp/python/${py_branch}/Python-${py_version}.tar.bz2"
py_asc="http://python.org/ftp/python/${py_branch}/Python-${py_version}.tar.bz2.asc"
py_dir="$HOME/src/python_build" # checked to exist later, etc
# first check if user requested file exists on server
wget --spider ${py_url} >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? > 0 )) && printf "No such version, version ${py_version} does not exist\n" >&2 && exit 1
# now very important before we do anything else, to check if asc file exists, as it doesn't for some downloads
# if we don't check and it doesn't exist it causes the script to exit
wget --spider ${py_asc} >/dev/null 2>&1
# set a flag re whether asc file exists, so can check later and avoid problems
(( $? > 0 )) && no_asc=1 || no_asc=0
# set up more variables
py_tarbz2="${py_url##*/}"
(( no_asc == 0 )) && py_tarbz2_asc="${py_asc##*/}" # only set this if there is an asc file
py_folder="${py_tarbz2%.*.*}"
py_gpg_key=""
# check other build dependencies are installed, beyond build-dep, sqlite support, readline, ncurses, build-essential
dependencies_check() {
local installed=()
local to_be_installed=()
local dependencies_list=(build-essential wget libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev libssl1.0.0 tk8.5-dev zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev
libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 bzip2 libbz2-dev)
for package in "${dependencies_list[@]}"; do
if grep -iq '^ii' < <(dpkg -l "$package"); then
installed+=("$package")
else
to_be_installed+=("$package")
fi
done 2>/dev/null
if (( ${#to_be_installed[@]} > 0 )); then
printf "If you have recently elevated your privileges with sudo, you will not see a "
printf "prompt here, before the apt-get update and install of packages occurs.\n"
sleep 2
sudo -p "We need to install some dependencies, please enter your password: " apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y install "${to_be_installed[@]}"
return 0
else
printf "\nNothing to install, proceeding.\n"
return 0
fi
}
# tailor build-dep to new python version we want to build, basically either 2x or 3x versions
# should work with at least lucid/precise/quantal/raring/saucy, the currently supported versions
if (( ${py_branch:0:1} == 3 )) && grep -iq 'precise' /etc/lsb-release 2>/dev/null; then
sudo -p "Please provide your password to install dependencies: " apt-get build-dep python3.2 && dependencies_check
elif (( ${py_branch:0:1} == 3 )) && grep -Eiq '(raring|quantal|saucy)' /etc/lsb-release 2>/dev/null; then
sudo -p "Please provide your password to install dependencies: " apt-get build-dep python3.3 && dependencies_check
elif [[ ${py_branch:0:3} == 2.7 ]] && grep -iq 'lucid' /etc/lsb-release 2>/dev/null; then
sudo -p "Please provide your password to install dependencies: " apt-get build-dep python2.6 && dependencies_check
elif [[ ${py_branch:0:3} == 2.7 ]]; then
sudo -p "Please provide your password to install dependencies: " apt-get build-dep python2.7 && dependencies_check
else
printf "\nProceeding, but make sure you have the correct build deps installed.\n\n"
sleep 2
fi
# dir checks
if [[ -d $HOME/src ]]; then
cd $HOME/src || exit 1
else
mkdir $HOME/src && cd $HOME/src
fi
if [[ -d ${py_dir} ]]; then
mv "${py_dir}" "${py_dir}_old_$(date '+%F_%H_%M_%S')"
mkdir "${py_dir##*/}" && cd "${py_dir##*/}"
else
mkdir "${py_dir##*/}" && cd "${py_dir##*/}"
fi
# finally, download python
printf "\nNow downloading version ${py_version} from branch ${py_branch} ....."
wget "${py_url}" -P "${py_dir}" >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "Done.\n"
# only download asc if it exists, set flag earlier
(( no_asc == 0 )) && wget "${py_asc}" -P "${py_dir}" >/dev/null 2>&1
# gpg tests
gpg_test() {
# if error returned, extract gpg key from error message
py_gpg_key="$(gpg --verify "${py_tarbz2_asc}" "${py_tarbz2}" 2>&1 | awk '{ print $NF }' | grep -v found)"
# now check with gpg_key (should be Python release signing key)
printf "\nReceiving keys.. "
gpg --recv-keys "${py_gpg_key}" >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? > 0)) && printf "Key could not be received\n" || printf "Done.\n"
printf "\nVerifying download... "
gpg --verify "${py_tarbz2_asc}" "${py_tarbz2}" >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? > 0 )) && printf "The download could not be verified.\n" || printf "Done.\n"
}
if (( no_asc == 0 )); then
gpg --verify "${py_tarbz2_asc}" "${py_tarbz2}" >/dev/null 2>&1
if (( $? > 0 )); then
gpg_test
else
printf "\nDownload verified\n\n"
fi
else
printf "\nProceeding even though asc file is not available for gpg to verify download\n\n"
sleep 1
fi
# unpack and cd to the python folder
printf "Unpacking archive...."
tar xvjf "${py_folder}.tar.bz2" >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "Done.\n" || { printf "Problems occured when unpacking, exiting\n" >&2; exit 1; }
cd "${py_folder}" || exit 1
# tailor the build to your machine here with configure and make
printf "\nNow for the configure (default prefix is /opt/python-${py_version})...."
sleep 2
./configure --prefix=/opt/python-${py_version} >/dev/null 2>&1
# as configure and make will exit anyway on error, no need to add || alternatives to the tests below
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "Done.\n\n"
sleep 1
printf "\nNow for the compile. (If necessary, please add your own specifications to the make command line and run the script again)\n"
printf "\nPlease wait for the compile to finish: it may take a while...."
make >/dev/null 2>&1
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "Done.\n\n"
printf "\nWe are installing with make install into /opt, instead of using checkinstall.\n"
sudo make install >/dev/null 2>&1
installcode=$?
(( $installcode == 0 )) && printf "\n${py_version} succesfully installed in /opt/python-${py_version}\n\n"
if [[ -d $HOME/bin ]]; then
ln -s /opt/python-${py_version}/bin/python${py_version:0:3} ~/bin/py-${py_version}
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "\nSymlink created, run py-${py_version} in the terminal to launch the interpreter\n"
else
mkdir $HOME/bin && ln -s /opt/python-${py_version}/bin/python${py_version:0:3} ~/bin/py-${py_version}
(( $? == 0 )) && printf "\nSymlink created, run py-${py_version} in the terminal to launch the interpreter\n"
printf "\nHowever, you will not be able to call py-${py_version} until you have logged out and in again, as bin will not"
printf " have been added to your path just as $HOME/bin is created.\nn"
fi
# important info re setting up pyvenv re distribute tools and pip etc
cat <<extra_info
See also a program called pyvenv with your installation in /opt,
with which you can create a virtual environment and use tools
such as pip, etc. See the official documentation at:
http://docs.python.org/3.3/using/scripts.html#pyvenv-creating-virtual-environments
extra_info
sleep 2
exit ${installcode}警告：不赞成使用Pythonbrew，而建议使用pyenv。更新的说明在这里
您也可以使用pythonbrew之类的东西：
curl -kL http://xrl.us/pythonbrewinstall | bash
echo "[[ -s $HOME/.pythonbrew/etc/bashrc ]] && source $HOME/.pythonbrew/etc/bashrc" >> ~/.bashrc
pythonbrew install 3.3它很容易使用，另一个好处是，可以安装所需的任何python版本。请参阅他们的文档以获取模式详细信息