如何在Ubuntu中使用Python3.3创建virtualenv？

46

我正在运行精确的穿山甲amd64。我从ppa：fkrull / deadsnakes安装了Python 3.3。

现在，我想在virtualenv中实际使用这个新的Python版本。但是我该怎么做呢？我收到以下错误：

$ virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.3
The --no-site-packages flag is deprecated; it is now the default behavior.
New python executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3
Also creating executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/site.py", line 73, in <module>
    __boot()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/site.py", line 2, in __boot
    import sys, imp, os, os.path   
ImportError: No module named 'imp'
ERROR: The executable /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3 is not functioning
ERROR: It thinks sys.prefix is '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs' (should be '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3')
ERROR: virtualenv is not compatible with this system or executable

相反，如果我显式地使用它python3.3来调用virtualenv，则会出现此错误：

$ python3.3 /usr/bin/virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/virtualenv", line 2, in <module>
    import virtualenv
ImportError: No module named 'virtualenv'

我被卡住了。任何帮助是极大的赞赏！

编辑：根据@thefourtheye的建议，我清除了本地site-packages目录（实际上仅删除了site.py）。现在，我可以更进一步，但是virtualenv抱怨缺少easy_install：

 Error [Errno 2] No such file or directory:   
'/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/easy_install' while executing command    
/home2/USERNAME/.virt...rk3/bin/easy_install /usr/share/python-virtualenv/pip-1.1.tar.gz

我确实安装了package python3-setuptools，它安装了easy_install的Py3版本。

编辑2：

这是详细输出，没有显式传递--distribute和--no-site-packages，因为这两个开关是我virtualenv的默认行为：

$ virtualenv --verbose -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.3
Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3
Symlinking Python bootstrap modules
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/config-3.3m
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/lib-dynload
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/os.py
  Ignoring built-in bootstrap module: posix
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/posixpath.py
  Cannot import bootstrap module: nt
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/ntpath.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/genericpath.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/fnmatch.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/locale.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/encodings
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/codecs.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/stat.py
  Cannot import bootstrap module: UserDict
  Cannot import bootstrap module: copy_reg
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/types.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/re.py
  Cannot import bootstrap module: sre
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/sre_parse.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/sre_constants.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/sre_compile.py
  Ignoring built-in bootstrap module: zlib
  Cannot import bootstrap module: _abcoll
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/warnings.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/linecache.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/abc.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/io.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/_weakrefset.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/copyreg.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/tempfile.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/random.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/__future__.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/collections
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/keyword.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/tarfile.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/shutil.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/struct.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/copy.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/base64.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/bisect.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/_dummy_thread.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/hashlib.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/heapq.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/hmac.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/reprlib.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/rlcompleter.py
  Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/weakref.py
Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/site-packages
Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/site.py
Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/orig-prefix.txt
Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/no-global-site-packages.txt
Creating parent directories for /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/include
Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/include/python3.3m
Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin
New python executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3
Changed mode of /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3 to 0o755
Also creating executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python
Changed mode of /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python to 0o755
Testing executable with /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3 -c "
import sys
prefix = sys.prefix
if sys.version_info[0] == 3:
    prefix = prefix.encode('utf8')
if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'detach'):
    sys.stdout = sys.stdout.detach()
elif hasattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer'):
    sys.stdout = sys.stdout.buffer
sys.stdout.write(prefix)
"
Got sys.prefix result: '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3'
Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/distutils
Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/distutils/__init__.py
Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/distutils/distutils.cfg
Using existing distribute egg: /usr/share/python-virtualenv/distribute-0.6.24.tar.gz
Installing distribute..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................done.
Installing existing pip-1.1.tar.gz distribution: /usr/share/python-virtualenv/pip-1.1.tar.gz
Installing pip...
  Error [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/easy_install' while executing command /home2/USERNAME/.virt...rk3/bin/easy_install /usr/share/python-virtualenv/pip-1.1.tar.gz
...Installing pip...done.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2283, in <module>
    main()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 938, in main
    never_download=options.never_download)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 1054, in create_environment
    install_pip(py_executable, search_dirs=search_dirs, never_download=never_download)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 643, in install_pip
    filter_stdout=_filter_setup)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 976, in call_subprocess
    cwd=cwd, env=env)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 818, in __init__
    restore_signals, start_new_session)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 1416, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/easy_install'
python  python3 
— 安德烈亚斯
source
为了清楚起见，您可以尝试以下命令（不包括distribute）：virtualenv --no-site-packages -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3吗？
— don.joey 2013年
我也尝试过，--setuptools结果完全一样（包括分发的安装）。
— andreas-h 2013年
在14.04中，所有工作都轻松进行。
— Antti Haapala 2014年

Answers:

25

  1. 备份站点程序包。

    cp -r /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ /tmp/site-packages

  2. 截断该目录

    rm -rf /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/

  3. 现在尝试相同

    virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3

  4. 要安装而没有pip

    virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3 --no-pip

编辑：看起来virtualenv（1.7.1.2）和python3.3的版本不兼容。所以，请尝试这个

  1. 使用卸载python-virtualenv sudo apt-get remove python-virtualenv

  2. wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py; sudo python ez_setup.py 这将安装最新的easy_install。

  3. sudo easy_install pip

  4. sudo pip install virtualenv

  5. virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3

— 四人
source
有趣的是，我现在要进一步走，但仍然不能一直走下去。请参阅我最新的问题
— andreas-h 2013年
我正在查看virtualenv代码。如果您可以以更高的详细度执行同一命令并向我们展示完整的输出，将很有帮助。 virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3 --verbose
— thefourtheye 2013年
知道了，请参阅我的最新问题。
— andreas-h 2013年
已经分析了两个多小时。看起来distribute不会在bin目录中安装easy_install脚本。我们可以稍后手动安装它们。因此，仅安装virtualenv，尝试不使用pip进行安装，正如我在答案中
— 所做的
1
我没有手动安装virtualenv，而是从packages.ubuntu.com/raring/all/python-virtualenv/download下载了Ubuntu Raring的.dev包，并通过安装了它dpkg -i。似乎现在可以工作。非常感谢！
— andreas-h
58

Python 3.3内置了venv。

http://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html#module-venv

只需运行

pyvenv-3.3 /path/to/environment

然后激活它

source /path/to/environment/bin/activate

这个内置版本的virtualenv比您可能惯用的灵活得多。例如，您可以扩展EnvBuilder以执行几乎任何您想做的事情。您可以从下面的链接复制EnvBuilder的示例实现并进行试用：http ://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html#an-example-of-extending-envbuilder

上面的脚本可能完成了我们期望从virtualenv中获得的大部分功能。因此，如果您只需要带有easy_install和pip的virtualenv，那应该很好。

如果您仍然感到困惑，请参阅下面的@MarkOfSine编辑，以获取有关如何运行的说明。

要添加到上面，并按照文档进行操作：
例如，在执行之后：pyvenv-3.3 /path/to/my_project/venv
您可以运行distribute_setup.py，它似乎可以做很多事情，但是从本质上讲，您最终会easy_install进入./my_project/venv/bin目录。
然后可以使用它进行安装pip等。

它没有说您应该distribute_setup.py从哪里获得，所以我从以下位置下载： 

http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py

并使用激活的环境： 

cd /path/to/my_project
source venv/bin/activate

跑了

python distribute_setup.py

和 

easy_install pip

然后通过python 2.x上的virtualenv更加内联地完成虚拟环境的设置

— 克里斯
source
2
不错-我不知道这个...
— andreas-h 13-10-10
1
实际上，这似乎不是一个“真实的” virtualenv。激活后既没有pip也没有easy_install。
— andreas-h 2013年
@ andreas-h您需要自己安装那些。那并不是说它不是“真实的”。
— 克里斯（Chris）
1
@安德烈亚斯-H此外，它的设计，让你可以创建一个脚本来添加任何你想要的自己..看到docs.python.org/3/library/...
— 克里斯-
如果终端在安装pip时大喊错误的权限，请检查您是否使用了easy_install的正确二进制文件。您可以通过在virtualenv中显式选择二进制文件./venv/bin/easy_install pip。
— OrangeTux 2013年
8

您这样做太复杂了。如果包含在中python3，只需使用以下命令创建它：

python3 -m venv

您甚至可以创建别名

alias virtualenv3='python3 -m venv'

根据机器，您可能需要指定解释器：

alias virtualenv3='python3 -m venv -p python3'
— x
source
python3-venv至少在Ubuntu 14.04上也需要该软件包。
— gioele 2016年
对我来说（也在14.04上），该包称为python3.4-venv。
— tobek
2

对我有用的步骤：在MAC OSX 10.9.5上

  1. 手动下载并安装Python-3.4.3。

    P3PATH=/Users/$USER/Python3
mkdir -p $P3PATH
cd $P3PATH
tar -zxvf Python-3.4.3.tgz
./configure --prefix=$P3PATH/Python-3.4.3
make; make install

  2. 创建一个virtualenv。

    $P3PATH/Python-3.4.3/bin/pyvenv py3env
source py3env/bin/activate

注意：
virtualenv -p <path to python3> py3env没有用：

Error due to zlib
— BRD
source
这在Debian 7上也可以正常使用。只是另一个P3PATH
— rubo77
对于基于debian的发行版in-a-container用户，请确保安装libssl-dev并zlib1g-dev使用_ssl.so zlib.so编译python
— Nehal J Wani
1 
On Ubuntu 14.04 

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

sudo pip install virtualenv

virtualenv-3.4 --no-site-packages venv
— L3nn
source
By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Cookie Policy and Privacy Policy.
Licensed under cc by-sa 3.0 with attribution required.