如何将新的操作系统启动项添加到GRUB2菜单？

17

我对Linux还是很陌生，但是在过去的几天里，我亲自尝试了一下。我正在尝试一些不同的发行版，以便对不同的版本有所了解，这是唯一让我挂断电话的东西。

我从Windows 7开始，然后安装了Ubuntu 13.10（运行正常），然后安装了Linux Mint。但是，我没有办法启动Linux Mint，这就是我想要完成的。我的目标是在启动时出现的Grub2菜单上有一个Linux Mint菜单项，以及Ubuntu和Windows 7菜单项（以及一些我尚未使用的其他菜单项，例如Advanced Ubuntu Options子菜单，以及memtest菜单项）。

如果需要这些信息中的任何一个，以下是GParted分区表中的一些信息以及部分bootinfoscript输出：

分区信息和描述取自GParted：

  1. /dev/sda1 是带有fat16文件系统的101.94 MiB主分区，带有“ diag”标志
  2. /dev/sda2是具有ntfs文件系统的11.29 GiB主分区，带有标志“ boot”和标签“ RECOVERY”。根据/boot/grub/grub.cfg，这是Windows 7加载器所在的位置。从当前的Grub2菜单启动到Windows 7，我没有任何问题。
  3. /dev/sda3是带有ntfs文件系统的275.12 GiB主分区，标签为“ OS”。这个分区保存了我最初在Windows上创建的所有文件，尽管其中一些文件是使用Ubuntu程序保存的（到目前为止，在整个操作系统上编辑文件都没错，但是无论出于什么原因请告诉我这是否不好）。
  4. /dev/sda4是171.01 GiB扩展分区。该分区当前已安装。除了Ubuntu 13.10和Linux Mint 16的逻辑分区外，它还包含交换分区。
    • /dev/sda5是具有ext4文件系统的58.79 GiB逻辑分区，其中包含Linux Mint 16的安装。在GParted中，该文件系统的安装点为/。这是唯一具有非空安装点条目的分区。我不知道该怎么做，而且我目前也不知道启动Linux Mint 16的方法。
    • /dev/sda6是具有“ linux-swap”文件系统的19.56 GiB分区（我认为它是主要的分区）。它是在安装Ubuntu时自动创建的，但是在尝试安装Linux Mint 16时遇到一些问题时，我手动将其大小增加了约10 GB。据我所知，Linux Mint 16目前已成功安装，但是我不知道。就像我之前说的那样，不知道如何启动它。该分区当前已安装。
    • /dev/sda7是具有ext4文件系统的36.41 GiB逻辑分区，其中包含Ubuntu 13.10。Ubuntu 13.10运行良好，这就是我当前正在编写的问题。该分区当前已安装。

这是bootinfoscript输出（很长，包括grub.cfg文件和sudo fdisk -l已经在此处发布的信息-但是由于字符限制，一些必须省略）：

                  Boot Info Script 0.61      [1 April 2012]


============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================

 => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of 
    the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks 
    in partition 94 for .
 => Syslinux MBR (4.04 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb.

sda1: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       vfat
    Boot sector type:  Dell Utility: FAT16
    Boot sector info:  No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  
    Boot files:        /DELLBIO.BIN /DELLRMK.BIN /COMMAND.COM

sda2: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ntfs
    Boot sector type:  Windows Vista/7: NTFS
    Boot sector info:  No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  
    Boot files:        /bootmgr /Boot/BCD

sda3: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ntfs
    Boot sector type:  Windows Vista/7: NTFS
    Boot sector info:  No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  Windows 7
    Boot files:        /Windows/System32/winload.exe /ubuntu/winboot/wubildr 
                       /ubuntu/winboot/wubildr.mbr

sda4: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       Extended Partition
    Boot sector type:  -
    Boot sector info: 

sda5: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ext4
    Boot sector type:  -
    Boot sector info: 
    Operating System:  Ubuntu 13.10
    Boot files:        /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab

sda6: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       swap
    Boot sector type:  -
    Boot sector info: 

sda7: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ext4
    Boot sector type:  Grub2 (v1.99)
    Boot sector info:  Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the boot sector of sda7 
                       and looks at sector 648107560 of the same hard drive 
                       for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks 
                       in partition 94 for .
    Operating System:  Linux Mint 16 Petra
    Boot files:        /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab


============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================

Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________

Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

Partition  Boot  Start Sector    End Sector  # of Sectors  Id System

/dev/sda1                  63       208,844       208,782  de Dell Utility
/dev/sda2    *        212,992    41,172,991    40,960,000   7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda3          41,172,992   618,134,175   576,961,184   7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda4         618,139,646   976,771,071   358,631,426   5 Extended
/dev/sda5         694,501,376   817,790,975   123,289,600  83 Linux
/dev/sda6         935,753,728   976,771,071    41,017,344  82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda7         618,139,648   694,499,022    76,359,375  83 Linux

"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________

Device           UUID                                   TYPE       LABEL

/dev/sda1        3030-3030                              vfat       DellUtility
/dev/sda2        76C2AD13C2ACD89F                       ntfs       RECOVERY
/dev/sda3        B864AE8864AE4948                       ntfs       OS
/dev/sda5        5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1   ext4       
/dev/sda6        24a1b8d2-d3a0-4b3f-b48e-9a3f5bab16c2   swap       
/dev/sda7        520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866   ext4

================================ Mount points: =================================

Device           Mount_Point              Type       Options

/dev/sda3        /media/matt/OS           fuseblk    (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,default_permissions,blksize=4096)
/dev/sda5        /                        ext4       (rw,errors=remount-ro)
/dev/sda7        /media/matt/520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866 ext4       (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks2)


=========================== sda5/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
Bootinfoscript
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  set have_grubenv=true
  load_env
fi
set default="0"

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
  menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}

function recordfail {
  set recordfail=1
  if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}

function load_video {
  if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
    insmod all_video
 else
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod ieee1275_fb
    insmod vbe
    insmod vga
    insmod video_bochs
    insmod video_cirrus
  fi
}

if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
   font=unicode
else
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5  5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
fi
    font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi

if loadfont $font ; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
  set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
  set lang=en_US
  insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
  set timeout=-1
else
  set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

/\/\/\/\/\ EDITED OUT MORE THEME INFO /\/\/\/\/\/\

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
    set gfxpayload="${1}"
    if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
        set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
    else
        set vt_handoff=
    fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
  if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
    if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
      if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
        set linux_gfx_mode=keep
      else
        set linux_gfx_mode=text
      fi
    else
      set linux_gfx_mode=text
    fi
  else
    set linux_gfx_mode=keep
  fi
else
  set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1' {
recordfail
    load_video
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,msdos5'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5  5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
    fi
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-15-generic root=UUID=5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1 ro   acpi_backlight=vendor dell_laptop.backlight=0 quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-15-generic
}

/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ I MANUALLY OMITTED THE UBUNTU ADVANCED OPTIONS SUBMENU FROM HERE BECAUSE THERE Was >30000 CHARACTERS /\/\/\/\/\/\/

--class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.8.0-35-generic-advanced-5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,msdos5'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5  5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.8.0-35-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-35-generic root=UUID=5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1 ro   acpi_backlight=vendor dell_laptop.backlight=0 quiet splash $vt_handoff
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-35-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.8.0-35-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.8.0-35-generic-recovery-5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,msdos5'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5  5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.8.0-35-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-35-generic root=UUID=5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1 ro recovery nomodeset 
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-35-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.8.0-19-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.8.0-19-generic-advanced-5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,msdos5'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5  5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.8.0-19-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-19-generic root=UUID=5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1 ro   acpi_backlight=vendor dell_laptop.backlight=0 quiet splash $vt_handoff
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-19-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.8.0-19-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.8.0-19-generic-recovery-5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1' {
    recordfail
        load_video
        insmod gzio
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd0,msdos5'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5  5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 3.8.0-19-generic ...'
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-19-generic root=UUID=5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1 ro recovery nomodeset 
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-19-generic
    }
}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
    insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5  5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
fi
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos5'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5  5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
fi
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-76C2AD13C2ACD89F' {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ntfs
    set root='hd0,msdos2'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos2 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos2  76C2AD13C2ACD89F
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 76C2AD13C2ACD89F
    fi
    chainloader +1
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=============================== sda5/etc/fstab: ================================

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sdb5 during installation
UUID=5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0     1
# swap was on /dev/sdb6 during installation
UUID=24a1b8d2-d3a0-4b3f-b48e-9a3f5bab16c2 none            swap    sw              0       0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


=========================== sda7/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  set have_grubenv=true
  load_env
fi
set default="0"

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
  menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}

function recordfail {
  set recordfail=1
  if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}

function load_video {
  if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
    insmod all_video
  else
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod ieee1275_fb
    insmod vbe
    insmod vga
    insmod video_bochs
    insmod video_cirrus
  fi
}

if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
   font=unicode
else
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos7'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos7 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos7  520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866
fi
    font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi

if loadfont $font ; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
  set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
  set lang=en_US
  insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
  set timeout=-1
else
  set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

/\/\/\/\/\/\/ EDITED OUT SOME DEBIAN/MINT THEME INFO HERE /\/\/\/\/\/\/\

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
    set gfxpayload="$1"
    if [ "$1" = "keep" ]; then
        set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
    else
        set vt_handoff=
    fi
}
if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then
  if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
    if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
      if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
        set linux_gfx_mode=keep
      else
        set linux_gfx_mode=text
      fi
    else
      set linux_gfx_mode=text
    fi
  else
    set linux_gfx_mode=keep
  fi
else
  set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi
menuentry 'Linux Mint 16 Cinnamon 64-bit, 3.11.0-12-generic (/dev/sda7)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,msdos7'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos7 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos7  520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866
    fi
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic root=UUID=520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866 ro   quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
}
menuentry 'Linux Mint 16 Cinnamon 64-bit, 3.11.0-12-generic (/dev/sda7) -- recovery mode' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
    recordfail
    insmod gzio
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,msdos7'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos7 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos7  520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866
    fi
    echo    'Loading Linux 3.11.0-12-generic ...'
    linux   /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic root=UUID=520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866 ro recovery nomodeset 
    echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
}
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_lupin ###
### END /etc/grub.d/10_lupin ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,msdos7'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos7 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos7  520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866
    fi
    linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,msdos7'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos7 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos7 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos7  520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866
    fi
    linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os     $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-76C2AD13C2ACD89F' {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ntfs
    set root='hd0,msdos2'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos2 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos2  76C2AD13C2ACD89F
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 76C2AD13C2ACD89F
    fi
    chainloader +1
}
menuentry 'Ubuntu 13.10 (13.10)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1' {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd0,msdos5'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos5  5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1
    fi
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-15-generic root=UUID=5832ede3-f357-427e-ac67-b2157b5ba6e1 ro acpi_backlight=vendor dell_laptop.backlight=0 quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-15-generic
}

/\/\/\/\/\/\/ THERE WAS ANOTHER SUBMENU THING FOR UBUNTU ADVANCED OPTIONS HERE, ALSO OMITTED /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\

### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=============================== sda7/etc/fstab: ================================

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda7 during installation
UUID=520dfeb8-758e-47c0-97de-a0a8cb8b4866 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# swap was on /dev/sda6 during installation
UUID=24a1b8d2-d3a0-4b3f-b48e-9a3f5bab16c2 none            swap    sw              0       0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

我不确定此分区设置是否良好，因为我无法创建其他主分区（最大4个），但是我认为由于Ubuntu可以从扩展分区内启动，因此Linux Mint也应该能够，因此我将Linux Mint添加到了与Ubuntu（位于/dev/sda5）相同的扩展分区中的分区中，但在其自己的逻辑分区中/dev/sda7。

在/boot/grub/grub.cfg文件中，有几个menuentry单位。如果从Grub2菜单启动Linux Mint的正确方法是为Linux Mint添加一个menuentry块，那么我想知道如何做到这一点。如果有更好的方法让每个操作系统都可以选择在启动时启动，也请让我知道！

我在这里看到了一个类似的问题，但是似乎有点不同，因为该用户在同一个扩展分区中没有两个操作系统分区，而且我不想只是在黑暗中拍摄并可能破坏一些重要内容意外地。

如果需要我在这里没有提供的更多信息，我会一直密切注意，以便让我立即知道，我将尽力为您提供所需的任何信息。

非常感谢您的帮助！

boot  dual-boot  grub2  partitioning 
— 马特·比兹利（Matt Beardsley）
source
我刚刚注意到的东西-Mint有其自己的grub.cfg文件，并且在bootinfoscript输出中显示了Mint和Ubuntu。仔细复制和粘贴某些菜单项行和其他功能，就像使所有功能正常工作一样容易吗？
— Matt Beardsley 2014年

Answers:

20

您可以尝试update-grub查看是否可以检测到Linux Mint。这应该检查以查看安装了哪些操作系统。

或者，您可以尝试启动实时USB（或LiveCD）并在grub-install /dev/sda安装了硬盘的情况下运行。这将重新安装GRUB，并应再次检查其他操作系统。

— 爆炸小猫
source
这比我想象的要容易得多，到目前为止，在进入Linux时使用的命令数量有限，这已经是我已经使用的命令了……但是无论如何，update-grub都可以工作！谢谢！！
— Matt Beardsley 2014年
最佳！该命令sudo update-grup运行顺利。谢谢。只是一个音符；Sil的替代选项必须在引导驱动器中执行，而不是自动执行/dev/sda-在我的情况下是自动/dev/sdb;）
— loved.by.Jesus
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