我有Dell Inspiron 15 7537。
我已经在上面安装了14.04，最初没有声音问题。但是，像我的以太网卡一样，期望在Linux中没有驱动程序/软件问题是不现实的。
我为笔记本电脑购买了SSD，并在其上安装了Ubuntu 14.04。然后，我使用gparted从笔记本电脑随附的磁盘上复制了Windows分区。
一切正常，直到我启动Windows 8.1。当我在Windows中时，声音工作正常，但是在重新启动笔记本电脑并返回到Ubuntu之后，声音停止通过笔记本电脑的内置扬声器工作。
但是我注意到，在Ubuntu中，我仍然可以使用耳机接收声音。
从这里开始，我可以启动Windows 8.1以通过内部扬声器接收声音，但是除非使用耳机，否则我将无法再使声音在Ubuntu 14.04中再次正常工作。
我决定进行实验，因此我完全擦除了磁盘，并重新安装了Ubuntu 14.04。声音回来了！然后，我再次继续在Windows分区上进行复制。同样，在启动到Windows 8.1之后再回到Ubuntu，我的内置扬声器将不再发出声音。
我尝试了最常见的解决方案，例如：
sudo apt-get remove --purge alsa-base pulseaudio
sudo apt-get install alsa-base pulseaudio unity-control-center
sudo alsa force-reload
要么
pulseaudio -k
我还尝试确保alsamixer中没有任何静音。我也尝试安装脉冲音频音量控制工具。如果我正在播放歌曲，则可以看到内部扬声器的音频电平在变化，就好像它应该在播放一样。
脉冲音频音量控制工具还显示我的HDMI卡是声音设备，但它识别为关闭。
可能值得注意的是，在alsamixer中，应用程序似乎将我的PCH /输出卡识别为辅助卡，将HDMI识别为第一卡。但是，情况一直如此，因此我不确定这是问题所在。
我对这一切的设计方式不甚了解，但据我了解，我很难收集启动到另一个操作系统如何阻止扬声器在另一个操作系统上工作的信息。
我该怎么做才能恢复系统声音，并确定启动Windows的原因为何？我非常想使用双启动系统。
lspci -v输出：
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller (rev 09)
Subsystem: Dell Device 05f9
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Capabilities: <access denied>
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Dell Device 05fa
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 60
Memory at e3000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M]
Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
I/O ports at 5000 [size=64]
Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: i915
00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller (rev 09)
Subsystem: Dell Device 05f9
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 63
Memory at e3610000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP USB xHCI HC (rev 04) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
Subsystem: Dell Device 05f9
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 56
Memory at e3600000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HECI #0 (rev 04)
Subsystem: Dell Device 05f9
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 61
Memory at e3619000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: mei_me
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HD Audio Controller (rev 04)
Subsystem: Dell Device 05f9
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 62
Memory at e3614000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev e4) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev e4) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0
Memory behind bridge: e3500000-e35fffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev e4) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=03, subordinate=03, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00004000-00004fff
Memory behind bridge: e3400000-e34fffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000bfb00000-00000000bfbfffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev e4) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=04, subordinate=04, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 00003000-00003fff
Memory behind bridge: e2000000-e2ffffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000d0000000-00000000e1ffffff
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP USB EHCI #1 (rev 04) (prog-if 20 [EHCI])
Subsystem: Dell Device 05f9
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 23
Memory at e361d000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: ehci-pci
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP LPC Controller (rev 04)
Subsystem: Dell Device 05f9
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: lpc_ich
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode] (rev 04) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0])
Subsystem: Dell Device 05f9
Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 59
I/O ports at 5088 [size=8]
I/O ports at 5094 [size=4]
I/O ports at 5080 [size=8]
I/O ports at 5090 [size=4]
I/O ports at 5060 [size=32]
Memory at e361c000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: ahci
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SMBus Controller (rev 04)
Subsystem: Dell Device 05f9
Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 255
Memory at e3618000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
I/O ports at efa0 [size=32]
02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 7260 (rev 73)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Dual Band Wireless-N 7260
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 64
Memory at e3500000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
03:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device 5287 (rev 01)
Subsystem: Dell Device 05f9
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 57
Memory at e3405000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Expansion ROM at bfb00000 [disabled] [size=64K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: rtsx_pci
03:00.1 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 12)
Subsystem: Dell Device 05f9
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 58
I/O ports at 4000 [size=256]
Memory at e3404000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Memory at e3400000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: r8168
04:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK107M [GeForce GT 750M] (rev ff) (prog-if ff)
!!! Unknown header type 7f
/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf内容：
# autoloader aliases
install sound-slot-0 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-0
install sound-slot-1 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-1
install sound-slot-2 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-2
install sound-slot-3 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-3
install sound-slot-4 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-4
install sound-slot-5 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-5
install sound-slot-6 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-6
install sound-slot-7 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-7
# Cause optional modules to be loaded above generic modules
install snd /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-ioctl32 ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; }
#
# Workaround at bug #499695 (reverted in Ubuntu see LP #319505)
install snd-pcm /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-pcm $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-pcm-oss ; : ; }
install snd-mixer /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-mixer $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-mixer-oss ; : ; }
install snd-seq /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-seq $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-oss ; : ; }
#
install snd-rawmidi /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-rawmidi $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; : ; }
# Cause optional modules to be loaded above sound card driver modules
install snd-emu10k1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-emu10k1 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-emu10k1-synth ; }
install snd-via82xx /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-via82xx $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; }
# Load saa7134-alsa instead of saa7134 (which gets dragged in by it anyway)
install saa7134 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install saa7134 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist saa7134-alsa ; : ; }
# Prevent abnormal drivers from grabbing index 0
options bt87x index=-2
options cx88_alsa index=-2
options saa7134-alsa index=-2
options snd-atiixp-modem index=-2
options snd-intel8x0m index=-2
options snd-via82xx-modem index=-2
options snd-usb-audio index=-2
options snd-usb-caiaq index=-2
options snd-usb-ua101 index=-2
options snd-usb-us122l index=-2
options snd-usb-usx2y index=-2
# Ubuntu #62691, enable MPU for snd-cmipci
options snd-cmipci mpu_port=0x330 fm_port=0x388
# Keep snd-pcsp from being loaded as first soundcard
options snd-pcsp index=-2
# Keep snd-usb-audio from beeing loaded as first soundcard
options snd-usb-audio index=-2
究竟是什么确切的过程导致声音停止工作？它是在启动Windows，然后重新启动到Ubuntu时？如果您执行了完整的电源循环，即。Windows关闭（不重新启动），然后打开电源并运行Ubuntu，声音正常吗？
—
贝恩2014年
奇怪的是，在Windows中使用实际关机似乎可以解决问题。我想我只是在使用重启或硬启动。Windows 8中禁用了实际的关闭过程，而采用了Dell或Intel的“智能关闭”方法。我重新启用了传统的关机功能，然后完全关闭了系统，再次启动到Ubuntu，并恢复了声音。我已经尝试了几次，一切似乎还好。您知道为什么会发生这种情况吗？如果可能的话，用该信息编写解决方案将是一件好事。