Unity：什么是视口？
Ubuntu Unity使用视口-基本上是一个坐标系（坐标0,0为左上角），其中一个巨大的桌面细分为适合您屏幕分辨率的块。当您向右和向下移动时，坐标的价值会增加。
坐标系是相对的。如果我当前的视口在左上角，则相对于该视口的所有内容均为正值，以width和height为增量。例如，如果我当前的视口位于最左上角，则您在上方看到的顶部中间工作区中的Firefox窗口相对于最左上的视口位于x值1366和y值0处。如果我的活动视口在顶部中间视口中，则最左上视口中的终端窗口位于x值-132760。 这是的关键问题xdotool，因为xdotool它不处理负数。
还要注意，当前视口的左上角将始终由xdotool假定为坐标0 0。这意味着我们只能左右移动东西。
使xdotool适用于Unity
现在我们知道xdotool只能将窗口相对于我们的左上角移动（即，您始终可以左右移动窗口，而不能上下移动）。我们如何使这项工作团结一致。好吧，基本的想法是
- 找出当前视口上的所有窗口
- 暂时移至请求的视口，以使左上角在该视口假设坐标0 0
- 将所有窗口移至用户定义的视口坐标
- 返回到旧的视口（可选，也可以跟随窗口）
脚本解决方案
以下脚本完全执行上述过程。可以使用-v标志来调用它以手动指定坐标，也可以使用-g标志来调出GUI对话框。-f标志将告诉脚本也切换视口; 如果未使用该标志-您将保留在当前视口中，并且仅将窗口移动
获取脚本
可以使用以下步骤直接或通过github复制本文的源代码：
sudo apt-get install gitcd /opt ; sudo git clone https://github.com/SergKolo/sergrep.gitsudo chmod -R +x sergrep
脚本文件将是 /opt/sergrep/move_viewport_windows.sh
要将脚本绑定到快捷方式，请参阅如何将.sh文件绑定到键盘组合？
请注意，此脚本是wmctrl和xdotool，才能正常运行。您可以通过sudo apt-get install xdotool和wmctrl安装它们
源代码
#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
###########################################################
# Author: Serg Kolo , contact: 1047481448@qq.com
# Date: April 17 2016
# Purpose: Move all windows on the current viewport
# to a user-defined one
# Written for:
# Tested on: Ubuntu 14.04 LTS , Unity 7.2.6
###########################################################
# Copyright: Serg Kolo , 2016
#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software is hereby granted
# without fee, provided that the copyright notice above and this permission statement
# appear in all copies.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
# THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
# DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
get_active_viewport()
{
xprop -root -notype _NET_DESKTOP_VIEWPORT
}
get_screen_geometry()
{
xwininfo -root | awk '/-geometry/{gsub(/+|x/," ");print $2,$3}'
}
current_wins()
{
HEX="$(wmctrl -lG | \
awk -v xlim="$XMAX" -v ylim="$YMAX" \
'BEGIN{printf "ibase=16;"} $3>0 && $3<xlim && $4>0 && $4<ylim \
{ gsub(/0x/,""); printf "%s;",toupper($1) } ')"
echo $HEX | bc | tr '\n' ' '
}
gui_selection()
{
SCHEMA="org.compiz.core:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/core/"
read swidth sdepth <<< "$(get_screen_geometry)"
vwidth=$(gsettings get $SCHEMA hsize)
vheight=$(gsettings get $SCHEMA vsize)
width=0
for horizontal in $(seq 1 $vwidth); do
height=0
for vertical in $(seq 1 $vheight); do
array+=( FALSE )
array+=( $(echo "$width"x"$height") )
height=$(($height+$sdepth))
done
width=$(($width+$swidth))
done
zenity --list --radiolist --column="" --column "CHOICE" ${array[@]} --width 350 --height 350 2> /dev/null
}
print_usage()
{
cat << EOF
move_viewport_windows.sh [-v 'XPOS YPOS' ] [-g] [-f ] [-h]
Copyright Serg Kolo , 2016
The script gets list of all windows on the current Unity
viewport and moves them to user-specified viewport. If
ran without flags specified, script prints this text
-g flag brings up GUI dialog with list of viewports
-v allows manually specifying viewoport. Argument must be
quoted, X and Y position space separated
-f if set, the viewport will switch to the same one where
windows were sent
-h prints this text
** NOTE **
wmctrl and xdotool are required for this script to work
properly. You can install them via sudo apt-get install
xdotool and wmctrl
EOF
}
parse_args()
{
if [ $# -eq 0 ];then
print_usage
exit
fi
while getopts "v:ghf" opt
do
case ${opt} in
v) NEWVP=${OPTARG}
;;
g) NEWVP="$(gui_selection | tr 'x' ' ' )"
[ -z "$NEWVP" ] && exit 1
;;
f) FOLLOW=true
;;
h) print_usage
exit 0
;;
\?)
echo "Invalid option: -$OPTARG" >&2
;;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND-1))
}
main()
{
# Basic idea:
#-------------------
# 1. get current viewport and list of windows
# 2. go to viewport 0 0 and move all windows from list
# to desired viewport
# 3. go back to original viewport or follow the windows,
# depending on user choice
# 4. Tell the user where they are currently
local FOLLOW
local NEWVP # coordinates of desired viewport
local XMAX YMAX # must be two vals for awk to work
local OLDVP=$(get_active_viewport | awk -F '=' '{sub(/,/," ");print $2}' )
parse_args "$@"
read XMAX YMAX <<< "$(get_screen_geometry)" # move to getopts
windows=( $(current_wins) )
xdotool set_desktop_viewport 0 0
for win in ${windows[@]} ; do
echo "$win"
xdotool windowmove $win $NEWVP
done
# sleep 0.25 # uncomment if necessary
if [ $FOLLOW ]; then
xdotool set_desktop_viewport $NEWVP
else
xdotool set_desktop_viewport $OLDVP
fi
sleep 0.25 # delay to allow catching active viewport
notify-send "current viewport is $(get_active_viewport | awk -F '=' '{sub(/,/," ");print $2}' )"
exit 0
}
main "$@"
演示版
Webm记录正在运行的脚本：
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJMlC41CWWo
问题
由于Unity的grid插件负责窗口捕捉，因此脚本无法移动最大化的窗口或向右/向左捕捉的窗口。将尝试添加该插件的瞬时未设置和重置，以使脚本可在所有窗口中使用，但是由于取消和重置具有时间延迟，因此可能会放弃它。如果要使脚本适用于所有窗口，请unity-tweak-tool在“窗口管理器”选项下安装并取消设置窗口捕捉。