如何重新运行引导加载程序？

跑步sudo apt-get -f install说The link /vmlinuz.old is a damaged link：

you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]

这是完整的输出：

user@chrubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-headers-3.13.0-32 linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic
  linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
user@chrubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  linux-headers-3.13.0-32 linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic
  linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 4 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 270 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
    LANGUAGE = "en
en",
    LC_ALL = (unset),
    LC_TIME = "en",
    LC_MONETARY = "en",
    LC_ADDRESS = "en",
    LC_TELEPHONE = "en",
    LC_NAME = "en",
    LC_MEASUREMENT = "en",
    LC_IDENTIFICATION = "en",
    LC_NUMERIC = "en",
    LC_PAPER = "en",
    LANG = (unset)
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
(Reading database ... 232120 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Removing linux-headers-3.13.0-32 (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Removing linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-32-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
The link /initrd.img.old is a damaged link
Removing symbolic link initrd.img.old 
 you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]
Removing linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic (3.13.0-32.57) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-32-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
The link /vmlinuz.old is a damaged link
Removing symbolic link vmlinuz.old 
 you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]
user@chrubuntu:~$

如何重新运行引导加载程序？

根据womble对内核卸载后（在Server Fault上）损坏的/ vmlinuz和/initrd.img符号链接的回答，在这种情况下，当引导加载程序为GRUB / GRUB2时，您无需执行任何操作，也就是这里。

对于某些其他引导加载程序（至少是LILO），显然有时有时需要手动运行引导加载程序的配置。

如果确实需要告诉GRUB检查现有内核并更新其配置，则运行即可sudo update-grub。运行该命令没有任何危害。但这在这种情况下不是必须的。

对于grub，该错误有些奇怪。

当apt安装新的内核版本时，会将/ vmlinuz和/initrd.img移​​至/vmlinuz.old和/initrd.img.old（随后仍指向当前活动的内核。同样，请注意.old扩展名，与“内核卸载后损坏的链接”中链接的故事不同），并创建了两个新文件/ vmlinuz /initrd.img。

当您运行时apt-get autoremove（消息不是由生成的apt-get -f install），它将删除先前处于活动状态的内核（您在安装后重新启动，然后运行自动删除，对吗？），这使链接无效。

完成内核本身的删除后，autoremove本身将调用update-grub：

run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.13.0-32-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic

因此：

The link /vmlinuz.old is a damaged link
Removing symbolic link vmlinuz.old 
 you may need to re-run your boot loader[grub]

因此，autoremove可以：

1. 删除旧内核
2. 运行update-grub
3. update-grub删除链接到已删除文件的.old文件。

完全不用担心 ：-）

问候。

$ sudo update-grub

如果您想删除/清除旧软件包，也可以

$ dpkg --list |grep "^rc" | cut -d " " -f 3 | xargs sudo dpkg --purge