如何在64位Ubuntu 14.04.3LTS上修复安装Wine

我知道有很多问题，wine但是我找不到或解决这些问题的答案。有人可以帮我修复有关Wine的安装。

这是尝试修复它时的命令输出：

1. sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

   sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

   Reading package lists... Done
   Building dependency tree       
   Reading state information... Done
   Calculating upgrade... Done
   0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
   

2. sudo apt-get update

3. sudo apt-get install wine

   Reading package lists... Done
   Building dependency tree       
   Reading state information... Done
   Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
   requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
   distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
   or been moved out of Incoming.
   The following information may help to resolve the situation:
   
   The following packages have unmet dependencies:
    wine : Depends: wine1.6 but it is not going to be installed or
                    wine1.7 but it is not going to be installed
   E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
   

4. sudo apt-get install wine1.6

   Reading package lists... Done
   Building dependency tree       
   Reading state information... Done
   Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
   requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
   distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
   or been moved out of Incoming.
   The following information may help to resolve the situation:
   
   The following packages have unmet dependencies:
    wine1.6 : Depends: wine1.6-i386 (= 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu4)
   E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
   

5. sudo apt-get install wine1.6:i386

   Reading package lists... Done
   Building dependency tree       
   Reading state information... Done
   Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
   requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
   distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
   or been moved out of Incoming.
   The following information may help to resolve the situation:
   
   The following packages have unmet dependencies:
    wine1.6:i386 : Depends: wine1.6-i386:i386 (= 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu4)
                   Recommends: winbind:i386 but it is not going to be installed
   E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
   

我也尝试过：

• 由于出现“哈希总和不匹配”错误，无法下载软件包列表
• 如何修复重复的sources.list条目？

• 更新1

  修复了所有sudo apt-get update错误，
  但仍然无法sudo apt-get install wine

• 更新2

  正如@Sneetsher向我提及。

  最后一条命令的输出，与步骤3的输出相同

• 更新3

  根据@AB请求。

  uname -a

  Linux bad 3.19.0-33-generic #38~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Nov 6 18:17:28 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
  

  lsb_release -a

  No LSB modules are available.
  Distributor ID: Ubuntu
  Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS
  Release:    14.04
  Codename:   trusty
  

  apt-cache policy wine wine1.6 wine1.7

  wine:
    Installed: (none)
    Candidate: 1:1.7.55-0ubuntu1
    Version table:
       1:1.7.55-0ubuntu1 0
          500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-wine/ppa/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
       1:1.6.2-0ubuntu4 0
          500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe amd64 Packages
  wine1.6:
    Installed: (none)
    Candidate: 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu4
    Version table:
       1:1.6.2-0ubuntu4 0
          500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe amd64 Packages
  wine1.7:
    Installed: (none)
    Candidate: 1:1.7.55-0ubuntu1
    Version table:
       1:1.7.55-0ubuntu1 0
          500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-wine/ppa/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
  

• 更新4

  根据@Sneetsher的请求。

  apt-cache policy acl adduser apt apt-utils aspell aspell-en at-spi2-core base-passwd binfmt-support busybox-initramfs ca-certificates cabextract colord coreutils cpio cpp cpp-4.8 cups-bsd cups-client cups-common dbus dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service debconf debconf-i18n debianutils dh-python dictionaries-common dpkg e2fslibs e2fsprogs enchant file findutils fontconfig fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core fonts-droid fonts-horai-umefont fonts-liberation fonts-unfonts-core fonts-wqy-microhei gcc-4.8-base gcc-4.9-base ghostscript glib-networking glib-networking-common glib-networking-services gnome-exe-thumbnailer gnupg gpgv gsettings-desktop-schemas gsfonts gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-x hicolor-icon-theme hunspell-en-us icoutils ifupdown imagemagick imagemagick-common init-system-helpers initramfs-tools initramfs-tools-bin initscripts insserv iproute2 isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common iso-codes klibc-utils kmod krb5-locales libaa1 libacl1 libapparmor1 libapt-inst1.5 libapt-pkg4.12 libarchive-extract-perl libasn1-8-heimdal libasound2 libasound2-data libasound2-plugins libaspell15 libasyncns0 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatk1.0-0 libatk1.0-data libatspi2.0-0 libattr1 libaudit-common libaudit1 libauthen-sasl-perl libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libavc1394-0 libblkid1 libbsd0 libbz2-1.0 libc6 libcaca0 libcairo-gobject2 libcairo2 libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra0 libcap2 libcapi20-3 libcdparanoia0 libcgmanager0 libcloog-isl4 libcolord1 libcolorhug1 libcomerr2 libcroco3 libcups2 libcupsfilters1 libcupsimage2 libdatrie1 libdb5.3 libdbus-1-3 libdbus-glib-1-2 libdconf1 libdebconfclient0 libdjvulibre-text libdjvulibre21 libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libdv4 libelf1 libenchant1c2a libencode-locale-perl libexif12 libexpat1 libffi6 libfftw3-double3 libfile-basedir-perl libfile-copy-recursive-perl libfile-desktopentry-perl libfile-listing-perl libfile-mimeinfo-perl libflac8 libfont-afm-perl libfontconfig1 libfontenc1 libfreetype6 libgcc1 libgcrypt11 libgd3 libgdbm3 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgeoclue0 libgif4 libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx libglapi-mesa libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-data libglu1-mesa libgmp10 libgnutls26 libgomp1 libgpg-error0 libgphoto2-6 libgphoto2-l10n libgphoto2-port10 libgpm2 libgraphite2-3 libgs9 libgs9-common libgssapi-krb5-2 libgssapi3-heimdal libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0 libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-0 libgstreamer0.10-0 libgstreamer1.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libgudev-1.0-0 libgusb2 libharfbuzz-icu0 libharfbuzz0b libhcrypto4-heimdal libheimbase1-heimdal libheimntlm0-heimdal libhtml-form-perl libhtml-format-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-tree-perl libhttp-cookies-perl libhttp-daemon-perl libhttp-date-perl libhttp-message-perl libhttp-negotiate-perl libhunspell-1.3-0 libhx509-5-heimdal libice6 libicu52 libidn11 libiec61883-0 libieee1284-3 libijs-0.35 libilmbase6 libio-html-perl libio-socket-inet6-perl libio-socket-ssl-perl libisl10 libjack-jackd2-0 libjasper1 libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0 libjbig0 libjbig2dec0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libjson-c2 libjson0 libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libklibc libkmod2 libkrb5-26-heimdal libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 liblcms2-2 libldap-2.4-2 libldb1 libllvm3.4 liblocale-gettext-perl liblog-message-simple-perl liblqr-1-0 libltdl7 liblwp-mediatypes-perl liblwp-protocol-https-perl liblzma5 libmagic1 libmagickcore5 libmagickcore5-extra libmagickwand5 libmailtools-perl libmodule-pluggable-perl libmount1 libmpc3 libmpdec2 libmpfr4 libmpg123-0 libncurses5 libncursesw5 libnet-http-perl libnet-libidn-perl libnet-smtp-ssl-perl libnet-ssleay-perl libnetpbm10 libnih-dbus1 libnih1 libnotify4 libntdb1 libodbc1 libogg0 libopenal-data libopenal1 libopenexr6 liborc-0.4-0 libosmesa6 libp11-kit0 libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-runtime libpam-systemd libpam0g libpango-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libpaper-utils libpaper1 libpcap0.8 libpciaccess0 libpcre3 libpipeline1 libpixman-1-0 libplymouth2 libpng12-0 libpod-latex-perl libpolkit-agent-1-0 libpolkit-backend-1-0 libpolkit-gobject-1-0 libpopt0 libprocps3 libproxy1 libpulse0 libpython-stdlib libpython2.7 libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib libpython3-stdlib libpython3.4-minimal libpython3.4-stdlib libraw1394-11 libreadline6 libroken18-heimdal librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common libsamplerate0 libsane libsane-common libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db libsecret-1-0 libsecret-common libselinux1 libsemanage-common libsemanage1 libsepol1 libshout3 libslang2 libsm6 libsmbclient libsndfile1 libsocket6-perl libsoup2.4-1 libspeex1 libspeexdsp1 libsqlite3-0 libss2 libssl1.0.0 libstdc++6 libsystemd-daemon0 libsystemd-login0 libtag1-vanilla libtag1c2a libtalloc2 libtasn1-6 libtdb1 libterm-ui-perl libtevent0 libtext-charwidth-perl libtext-iconv-perl libtext-soundex-perl libtext-wrapi18n-perl libthai-data libthai0 libtheora0 libtiff5 libtimedate-perl libtinfo5 libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0 libudev1 liburi-perl libusb-0.1-4 libusb-1.0-0 libustr-1.0-1 libuuid1 libv4l-0 libv4lconvert0 libvisual-0.4-0 libvisual-0.4-plugins libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libvpx1 libwavpack1 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwbclient0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-common libwebp5 libwind0-heimdal libwmf0.2-7 libwrap0 libwww-perl libwww-robotrules-perl libx11-6 libx11-data libx11-xcb1 libxau6 libxaw7 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb1 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxfixes3 libxfont1 libxft2 libxi6 libxinerama1 libxkbcommon0 libxml2 libxmu6 libxmuu1 libxpm4 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxshmfence1 libxslt1.1 libxt6 libxtables10 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 libxxf86vm1 lsb-base lsb-release makedev mime-support module-init-tools mount mountall multiarch-support netbase netpbm notification-daemon ocl-icd-libopencl1 odbcinst odbcinst1debian2 openssl p11-kit-modules p7zip passwd patch perl perl-base perl-modules plymouth plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text policykit-1 poppler-data procps psmisc python python-apt python-apt-common python-chardet python-crypto python-debian python-ldb python-minimal python-ntdb python-samba python-six python-talloc python-tdb python2.7 python2.7-minimal python3 python3-apt python3-minimal python3.4 python3.4-minimal readline-common samba-common samba-common-bin samba-libs sed sensible-utils sgml-base shared-mime-info smbclient sound-theme-freedesktop sudo systemd-services systemd-shim sysv-rc sysvinit-utils tar tcpd ttf-mscorefonts-installer ttf-wqy-microhei tzdata ubuntu-keyring ucf udev unixodbc unzip update-inetd update-notifier-common upstart util-linux uuid-runtime wget wine-gecko2.34 wine-mono4.5.4 wine1.7 wine1.7-amd64 wine1.7-i386 winetricks x11-common x11-utils x11-xserver-utils xdg-utils xfonts-encodings xfonts-utils xkb-data xml-core xz-utils zenity zenity-common zip zlib1g
  

  完整输出已上传到此处。

• 更新5

  之后，我可以按照Sneetsher的建议安装酒。我仍然无法.exe使用wine 运行文件。以下屏幕截图适用于：

  wine ~/.wine/drive_c/windows/notepad.exe是顶部窗口。底部的两个窗口均OLLYDBG.EXE通过单击来显示。

  我无法通过记事本进行任何编辑。

  

  $ wine --version
  wine-1.6.2
  $ which wine
  /usr/local/bin/wine
  

请让我知道是否需要提供更多信息。

这将是以上评论以及解决该问题的相关聊天室中的试用版的简历。

我们尝试失败的结果：

• 启用i386体系结构sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386，因为Wine需要来自32位存储库的许多依赖项。
• OP在sources.list启用所有组件的情况下创建了新的。
• 禁用所有PPA（检查与grep -r "^deb" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/）
• aptitude 这提供了许多解决方案，但是所有人都试图删除大多数已安装的桌面程序包（> 200个程序包）或将其保持不变而不安装Wine。
• 安装1.6而不是1.7 sudo apt-get install wine=1:1.6.2-0ubuntu4，相同的未解决的依赖项消息。

• 使用跟踪冲突apt-get install，然后得到分支。

  The following packages have unmet dependencies:
  libglu1-mesa:i386 : Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 or
  libgl1:i386
  E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
  

  这样搜索冲突，浪费精力和时间是不切实际的。

因此，我们正在寻找的可能是一个遥远（不是直接）的依赖包：

• 在官方存储库+ Wine PPA中不可用。

• 或已安装，但其版本不是官方存储库+ Wine PPA的版本。

  （即安装的版本比那些可从仓库更高。apt-get与aptitude没有提供解决方案，降级一些包）

以下是恢复的步骤：

1. 加回葡萄酒PPA

2. 我debfoster在我的机器上安装了与OP系统相同版本（14.04）。生成wine的所有递归依赖项列表：

   debfoster -d wine
   

   （这是为什么？OP无法在他的机器上运行它，因为debfosterlike apt-cache仅适用于已安装的软件包）

3. 要求OP提供apt-cache policy ...上一步生成的列表的输出。（问题中的更新4）

4. 然后存储先前的输出并对其进行过滤以方便查看：

   grep -e "^[a-zA-Z]" -e "^[ ]*\*\*\*" -e "^[ ]*[1-9]00" -e "^[* ]*[0-9][0-9a-zA-Z:+_~.-]* 0" wine_policy_output.txt
   

5. 找到了以下软件包：

   libdrm-intel1:
    *** 2.4.65+git20151026.c745e541-0ubuntu0ricotz~trusty 0
           100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
        2.4.60-2~ubuntu14.04.1 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
        2.4.56-1~ubuntu2 0
           500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
        2.4.52-1 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
   libdrm-nouveau2:
    *** 2.4.65+git20151026.c745e541-0ubuntu0ricotz~trusty 0
           100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
        2.4.60-2~ubuntu14.04.1 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
        2.4.56-1~ubuntu2 0
           500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
        2.4.52-1 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
   libdrm-radeon1:
    *** 2.4.65+git20151026.c745e541-0ubuntu0ricotz~trusty 0
           100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
        2.4.60-2~ubuntu14.04.1 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
        2.4.56-1~ubuntu2 0
           500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
        2.4.52-1 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
   libdrm2:
    *** 2.4.65+git20151026.c745e541-0ubuntu0ricotz~trusty 0
           100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
        2.4.60-2~ubuntu14.04.1 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
        2.4.56-1~ubuntu2 0
           500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
        2.4.52-1 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
   
   libwayland-client0:
    *** 1.7.0-0ubuntu1~trusty1 0
           100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
        1.4.0-1ubuntu1 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
   libwayland-cursor0:
    *** 1.7.0-0ubuntu1~trusty1 0
           100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
        1.4.0-1ubuntu1 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
   

   这些似乎来自“ xorg-edgers新鲜的X裂纹”。将它们降级到存储库中可用的版本：

   sudo apt-get install \
     libdrm2=2.4.60-2~ubuntu14.04.1 \
     libdrm-intel1=2.4.60-2~ubuntu14.04.1 \
     libdrm-nouveau2=2.4.60-2~ubuntu14.04.1 \
     libdrm-radeon1=2.4.60-2~ubuntu14.04.1 \
     libwayland-client0=1.4.0-1ubuntu1 \
     libwayland-cursor0=1.4.0-1ubuntu1
   

6. 仍然无法安装wine，我们寻找了其他可疑软件包：

   libcgmanager0:
    *** 0.39-2ubuntu2~ubuntu14.04.1 0
           100 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/main amd64 Packages
           100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
        0.24-0ubuntu7.5 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
        0.24-0ubuntu7.1 0
           500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security/main amd64 Packages
        0.24-0ubuntu5 0
           500 http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
   

   这一点：第一点，是从反向端口传来的。第二点，当前版本0.39与稳定回购中的0.24相差太远。降级：

   sudo apt-get install libcgmanager0=0.24-0ubuntu7.5
   

7. 现在wine安装顺利

   sudo aptitude install wine
   

关于渲染问题，窗口是灰色的。从wine --version1.6 看来，但我们已经安装了1.7，并which wine带来了从源代码安装wine的本地版本的系统。

试试看echo $PATH，你有一些类似的东西：

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games

请参阅变量PATH，它是系统在其中查找可执行文件的位置。所以，只是写wine在外壳，它看起来在/usr/local/sbin文件夹中，如果没有找到，然后/usr/local/bin再/usr/sbin然后/usr/bin......

快速修复，删除该葡萄酒的本地副本：

sudo rm /usr/local/bin/wine*

如果您想保留它，可以使用完整路径运行wine：

/usr/bin/wine ...

更新：

我可以在全新的Ubuntu 14.04安装上重现同样的问题。我确认唯一麻烦的软件包是libcgmanager0版本0.39-2ubuntu2~ubuntu14.04.1，我不知道它是如何首先安装的。

“ xorg-edgers新鲜的X裂纹” PPA 的软件包是干净的，我建议将其降级作为隔离问题的一种方法。

参考文献：

• 如何递归列出apt软件包的依赖性及其安装版本？

“在按照Sneetsher的建议安装wine之后，我仍然无法使用wine运行> .exe文件。”

右键单击exe文件，然后选择属性。然后在“权限”选项卡中选中“允许以程序方式执行”或打开终端窗口，然后{chmod + x /path/to/file/file.exe }

使用aptitude代替apt-get。它更智能。它不仅会为您处理降级的软件包降级，还将提出一系列建议，询问您想要哪种可能的建议工作方案。

sudo aptitude install myNewPackage

如果您还没有足够的机器知识，请与

sudo apt-get install aptitude

下一个解决方案对我有用：

dpkg --add-architecture i386

add-apt-repository ppa:wine/wine-builds

apt-get update

apt-get install --install-recommends wine

在根目录下传递以上命令

在这里找到它：https : //wiki.winehq.org/Ubuntu

打开软件和更新，然后在其他软件选项卡下

• 启用规范合作伙伴存储库。

在“ 更新”标签下，

• 推荐更新
• 不支持的更新

选择“关闭”和“重新加载”

最好将未检查的存储库一一打勾。然后“关闭”，“重新加载”，然后执行sudo apt-get install wine

因此，您可以确切地找到缺少的存储库。

尝试这个：

  sudo -i
  sudo apt-get update --fix-missing
  sudo apt-get install wine1.6

并在出现亚麻布屏幕时按Enter键，这样可能会正常工作。