如何在Ubuntu 16.04 LTS中将Gedit降级到以前的（3.10.4）版本

就像标题已经说的那样：我有一些不随Ubuntu 16.04 LTS一起提供的gedit 3.18.3一起运行的插件。

如何降级到Ubuntu 14.04 LTS和Ubuntu 15.10中使用的版本3.10.4，并安装所有可能的插件？

如果不再需要3.10.4，如何将其恢复为3.18.3。

解决方案非常复杂，因此请确保您仔细阅读并继续进行。为此，请确保已启用所有数据包源，以使您/etc/apt/sources.list看起来像这样并进行升级：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
reboot

要安装旧版本：

然后，作为第一步，您需要删除gedit的现有版本。为此，请在终端（ctrl+ alt+ t）中运行以下命令：

# this installs the build dependencies
sudo apt-get build-dep gedit gedit-plugins
sudo apt-get install moreutils

# this uninstalls the 3.18.3 version of gedit, gedit-dev, 
# gedit-plugins and gedit-common and should get rid of everything else
# installed for gedit
sudo apt-get remove gedit gedit-dev gedit-plugins gedit-common

现在准备要使用的目录。为方便起见，我们在主目录中进行操作。

# creating directory and switching to it
mkdir ~/gedit-downgrade
cd ~/gedit-downgrade

下一步是创建一个wget-list文件，以简化下载过程（您可以将整个字段复制并粘贴到终端中）。如果你不使用的是64位系统，你可能想找到I386正确的链接在这里。

cat > wget-list << "EOF"
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gedit/gedit-common_3.10.4-0ubuntu13_all.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gedit/gedit_3.10.4-0ubuntu13_amd64.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gedit/gedit-dev_3.10.4-0ubuntu13_amd64.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gedit-developer-plugins/gedit-developer-plugins_0.5.15-0ubuntu1_all.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gedit-latex-plugin/gedit-latex-plugin_3.8.0-3build1_all.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gedit-plugins/gedit-plugins_3.10.1-1ubuntu3_amd64.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gedit-r-plugin/gedit-r-plugin_0.8.0.2-Gtk3-Python3-1ubuntu1_all.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gedit-source-code-browser-plugin/gedit-source-code-browser-plugin_3.0.3-3_all.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gedit-valencia-plugin/gedit-valencia-plugin_0.8.0-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/r/rabbitvcs/rabbitvcs-gedit_0.16-1_all.deb
http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/universe/s/supercollider/supercollider-gedit_3.6.6~repack-2-1build1_all.deb
EOF

现在有了该wget-list文件，您可以通过键入一次下载所有wget -i wget-list内容，然后下载文件，然后开始安装。

请按照下面的步骤一个接一个地进行操作，如果遇到依赖错误，只是简单地sudo apt-get remove <package-name>反映出软件包给您带来了麻烦，那么请手动安装依赖，sudo apt-get install <package-name>然后再次执行dpkg行。否，我的意思sudo apt-get -f install是在尝试安装时不要运行：它将使所有内容混乱。

现在，让我们从基本软件包开始（经过测试并在干净的16.04 LTS安装上工作）：

# install gedit-common (essential needed)
sudo dpkg -i gedit-common_3.10.4-0ubuntu13_all.deb

# install gedit (essential needed)
sudo dpkg -i gedit_3.10.4-0ubuntu13_amd64.deb

# install gedit-dev (essential needed)
sudo dpkg -i gedit-dev_3.10.4-0ubuntu13_amd64.deb 

# install gedit-plugins (essential needed)
# here are some steps needed follow them carefully

    # unpacking the .deb file
    sudo dpkg-deb -R gedit-plugins_3.10.1-1ubuntu3_amd64.deb tmp

    # editing tmp/DEBIAN/control:
    # change 'python3 (<< 3.5), python3 (>= 3.4~), python3.4' to 'python3 (>= 3.5~), python3.5'
    sed 's/python3 (<< 3\.5), python3 (>= 3\.4~), python3\.4/python3 (>= 3.5~), python3.5/' tmp/DEBIAN/control | sudo sponge tmp/DEBIAN/control

    # editing tmp/DEBIAN/postinst
    # change 'py3compile -p gedit-plugins /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gedit/plugins -V 3.4' to
    # 'py3compile -p gedit-plugins /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gedit/plugins -V 3.5'
    sed 's/3\.4/3.5/' tmp/DEBIAN/postinst | sudo sponge tmp/DEBIAN/postinst

    # packing a new .deb file 
    sudo dpkg-deb -b tmp gedit-plugins_3.10.1-1ubuntu4_amd64.deb

    # changing ownership of the new .deb file replace username with your username
    sudo chown username:username gedit-plugins_3.10.1-1ubuntu4_amd64.deb

    # removing tmp
    sudo rm -rfv tmp

    # installing it
    sudo dpkg -i gedit-plugins_3.10.1-1ubuntu4_amd64.deb

以下软件包仅是可选的，您应该能够轻松安装它们，要下载的依赖项已在上述干净的16.04 LTS安装中给出并经过测试。

# install gedit-developer-plugins (optional)
sudo apt-get install python-pocket-lint
sudo dpkg -i gedit-developer-plugins_0.5.15-0ubuntu1_all.deb

# install gedit-latex-plugin (optional)
sudo apt-get install rubber
sudo dpkg -i gedit-latex-plugin_3.8.0-3build1_all.deb

# install gedit-r-plugin (optional but needs gedit-plugins)
sudo dpkg -i gedit-r-plugin_0.8.0.2-Gtk3-Python3-1ubuntu1_all.deb 

# install gedit-source-code-browser-plugin (optional)
sudo apt-get install ctags
sudo dpkg -i gedit-source-code-browser-plugin_3.0.3-3_all.deb

# install gedit-valencia-plugin (optional)

    # unpacking .deb file
    sudo dpkg-deb -R gedit-valencia-plugin_0.8.0-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb tmp

    # edit tmp/DEBIAN/control
    # change 'libvala-0.28-0 (>= 0.15.1)' to 'libvala-0.30-0 (>= 0.15.1)'
    # change 'libvte-2.90-9 (>= 1:0.27.2)' to 'libvte-2.91-0 (>= 0.27.2)'
    sed -e 's/libvala-0\.28-0 (>= 0\.15\.1)/libvala-0.30-0 (>= 0.15.1)/' -e 's/libvte-2\.90-9 (>= 1:0\.27\.2)/libvte-2.91-0 (>= 0.27.2)/' tmp/DEBIAN/control | sudo sponge tmp/DEBIAN/control

    # packing a new .deb file 
    sudo dpkg-deb -b tmp gedit-valencia-plugin_0.8.0-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb

    # changing ownership of the new .deb file replace username with your username
    sudo chown username:username gedit-valencia-plugin_0.8.0-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb

    # removing tmp
    sudo rm -rfv tmp

    # installing it
    sudo dpkg -i gedit-valencia-plugin_0.8.0-0ubuntu3_amd64.deb

# install rabbitvcs-gedit (optional)
sudo apt-get install rabbitvcs-core
sudo dpkg -i rabbitvcs-gedit_0.16-1_all.deb

# install supercollider-gedit (optional)
sudo apt-get install supercollider-language
sudo dpkg -i supercollider-gedit_3.6.6~repack-2-1build1_all.deb

现在，您必须确保在运行更新时不会更改软件包，因此请确保仅声明已安装的软件包：

# now protecting this all from upgrading
sudo apt-mark hold gedit-common gedit gedit-dev gedit-developer-plugin gedit-latex-plugin gedit-plugins gedit-r-plugin gedit-source-code-browser-plugin gedit-valencia-plugin rabbitvcs-gedit supercollider-gedit

要扭转整个过程，请执行以下操作：

# removing protection from upgrades
sudo apt-mark unhold gedit-common gedit gedit-dev gedit-developer-plugin gedit-latex-plugin gedit-plugins gedit-r-plugin gedit-source-code-browser-plugin gedit-valencia-plugin rabbitvcs-gedit supercollider-gedit

# simply do an upgrade
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

是否有脚本可以执行此操作？：

是的，我什至制作了一个脚本来自动化整个过程，您可以在这里或通过以下方式获得它：

wget https://github.com/Videonauth/gdowngrade/blob/master/gdowngrade.sh

然后运行它：

chmod 755 ./gdowngrade.sh
sudo ./gdowngrade.sh

这将为您创建一个自定义文件，gupgrade.sh该文件允许您通过以下简单的操作来撤消整个过程：

sudo ./gupgrade.sh

介绍

该脚本可以从源代码自动执行gedit 3.10.4的安装。如果用户决定要返回到较新的gedit，则它允许使用较旧和较新的gedit版本。该脚本会创建，/usr/share/applications/gedit_downgraded.desktop因此您也可以使用旧版gedit的快捷方式。

用法很简单：

sudo ./downgrade_gedit.sh [option]

选项是-i用于安装还是-u用于卸载

源代码也可以在我的git上找到，您可以通过运行以下命令获得：

git clone https://github.com/SergKolo/sergrep.git

脚本源

#!/bin/bash
#
###########################################################
# Author: Serg Kolo , contact: 1047481448@qq.com 
# Date: 
# Purpose: 
#    A script to install version 3.10.4 of gedit on Ubuntu
#    16.04 . Some users are unhappy with new gedit design
#    while others want to downgrade in order to use plugins
#    not available in the new gedit. This script simplifies
#    the downgarde process and building from source.
#    The source is obtained from Gnome's official ftp channels
#    The 3.10.4 is installed separatelly, so if you want to go
#    back to the newer version or used along-side 3.10.4 , you
#    can do so, as the newer version is not uninstalled
# Written for: http://askubuntu.com/q/766055/295286
# Tested on: Ubuntu 16.04
###########################################################
# Copyright: Serg Kolo , 2016
#    
#     Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software is hereby granted
#     without fee, provided that  the copyright notice above and this permission statement
#     appear in all copies.
#
#     THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
#     IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
#     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
#     THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
#     LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
#     FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
#     DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

set -e 
download_gedit()
{
  # Here gnome's official ftp channel is used 
  # feel free to use something else
  # just keep in mind you'd need to make changes to script accordingly
  wget http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/gedit/3.10/gedit-3.10.4.tar.xz
}

extract_gedit()
{
 ARCHIVE="gedit-3.10.4.tar.xz"
 tar --extract --xz --verbose --file "$ARCHIVE" && \
 rm "$ARCHIVE"
}


resolve_depends()
{
 apt-get install intltool libenchant-dev libxml2-dev libgtksourceview-3.0-dev gsettings-desktop-schemas-dev  libpeas-dev  itstool libxml2-utils 
}

make_desktop_file()
{
cat > /usr/share/applications/gedit_downgraded.desktop  <<EOF
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Gedit(downgraded)
Type=Application 
Terminal=false
Exec=/usr/local/bin/gedit %U
EOF
}

make_install_gedit()
{

 cd gedit-3.10.4
 ./configure #PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$(pkg-config --variable pc_path pkg-config)"
 make
 make install
}

install()
{
  # If /opt/gedit-3.10.4 doesn't exist, that's a first run
  # otherwise - create the directory, download and extract
  cd /opt
  if [ ! -d "gedit-3.10.4" ] ; then
      mkdir gedit-3.10.4
      download_gedit
      extract_gedit 
  fi
  resolve_depends
  make_install_gedit
  make_desktop_file
  #mark gedit to be held back
  dpkg --set-selections <<< "gedit hold"
}
uninstall()
{
  cd /opt/gedit-3.10.4
  make uninstall
  hash -r
  [ -e /usr/share/applications/gedit_downgraded.desktop  ] && \
     rm /usr/share/applications/gedit_downgraded.desktop
}

parse_args()
{
  local OPTIND option
  while getopts "iu" option
  do
    case ${option} in
         i) install && exit 0 ;;
         u) uninstall && exit 0 ;; 
         \?) echo "Invalid option -${option}" > /dev/stderr  
    esac
  done
}

main()
{

  if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then
     echo "Must specify -i or -u option" > /dev/stderr
     exit 1
  fi

  if [ $( id -u ) -ne 0 ] ; then
    echo "Must run as root" > /dev/stderr
    exit 1
  else
     parse_args "$@"
  fi
}

main "$@"

当前，您具有适用于Ubuntu 16.04的3.10 .deb软件包gedit：

gedit
gedit-common

您可以下载它们（根据您的体系结构选择软件包）并进行安装。例如：

sudo dpkg -i gedit_3.10.4-0ubuntu13_amd64.deb gedit-common_3.10.4-0ubuntu13_all.deb 

（此命令将卸载当前版本gedit并安装新版本）

并且要注意避免将来可能进行的更新升级此程序包（例如，将其置于保留列表中）