我刚刚将笔记本电脑更新为Ubuntu 16.04，现在出现以下问题。在随机时刻（但是，当某些图形活动正在进行时，例如打开一个窗口），显示器出现乱码，计算机冻结。唯一可以做的就是强行关闭电源。当然，这会丢失任何可能存在的内核日志条目。
我该怎么办？dmesg（启动后）列出了一些与图形有关的不祥的堆栈跟踪：
[ 2.220658] [drm] initialized overlay support
[ 2.220751] [drm] Initialized i915 1.6.0 20151010 for 0000:00:02.0 on minor 0
[ 2.240350] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.240439] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:1215
5 intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]()
[ 2.240443] WARN_ON(!connector_state->crtc)
[ 2.240446] Modules linked in:
[ 2.240449] ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea m
ii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.240477] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Not tainted 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.240481] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.240489] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.240492] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae39a0 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.240498] ffff880035ae39e8 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae39d8 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.240503] ffff880034e08800 ffff880034e0a800 ffff880034e08800 0000000000000000
[ 2.240508] Call Trace:
[ 2.240516] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.240522] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.240526] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.240569] [<ffffffffc0045f9d>] ? drm_atomic_add_affected_planes+0x7d/0xd0 [drm]
[ 2.240628] [<ffffffffc01b356d>] intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]
[ 2.240657] [<ffffffffc004680e>] drm_atomic_check_only+0x18e/0x590 [drm]
[ 2.240686] [<ffffffffc0046cfd>] ? drm_atomic_set_fb_for_plane+0x2d/0x90 [drm]
[ 2.240715] [<ffffffffc0046c27>] drm_atomic_commit+0x17/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.240773] [<ffffffffc01b71e5>] intel_get_load_detect_pipe+0x3d5/0x530 [i915]
[ 2.240833] [<ffffffffc01f08ed>] intel_tv_detect+0x13d/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.240861] [<ffffffffc00412de>] ? drm_get_edid+0x3e/0x3f0 [drm]
[ 2.240884] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.240896] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.240910] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.240967] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.240972] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.240977] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.240981] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.240986] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.240990] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.240994] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241000] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.241004] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241008] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab07 ]---
[ 2.241013] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.241072] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:11693 intel_plane_atomic_calc_changes+0x567/0x6c0 [i915]()
[ 2.241075] WARN_ON(was_visible)
[ 2.241077] Modules linked in:
[ 2.241079] ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea mii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.241103] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Tainted: G W 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.241106] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.241111] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.241114] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae3888 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.241119] ffff880035ae38d0 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae38c0 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.241124] 0000000000000001 ffff8800356ed000 ffff880034da9540 ffff88003545f800
[ 2.241129] Call Trace:
[ 2.241133] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.241137] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.241141] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.241199] [<ffffffffc01b8e87>] intel_plane_atomic_calc_changes+0x567/0x6c0 [i915]
[ 2.241211] [<ffffffffc00da33b>] ? drm_plane_helper_check_update+0xdb/0x190 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241268] [<ffffffffc01991d0>] intel_plane_atomic_check+0x140/0x1f0 [i915]
[ 2.241281] [<ffffffffc00e1a68>] drm_atomic_helper_check_planes+0x48/0x1c0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241339] [<ffffffffc01b3400>] intel_atomic_check+0x190/0x6b0 [i915]
[ 2.241367] [<ffffffffc004680e>] drm_atomic_check_only+0x18e/0x590 [drm]
[ 2.241396] [<ffffffffc0046cfd>] ? drm_atomic_set_fb_for_plane+0x2d/0x90 [drm]
[ 2.241425] [<ffffffffc0046c27>] drm_atomic_commit+0x17/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.241482] [<ffffffffc01b71e5>] intel_get_load_detect_pipe+0x3d5/0x530 [i915]
[ 2.241542] [<ffffffffc01f08ed>] intel_tv_detect+0x13d/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.241571] [<ffffffffc00412de>] ? drm_get_edid+0x3e/0x3f0 [drm]
[ 2.241583] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241595] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241608] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.241666] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.241671] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.241675] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.241679] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.241683] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.241687] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.241691] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241695] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.241699] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.241702] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab08 ]---
[ 2.352069] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.352171] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:12732 intel_modeset_check_state+0x563/0x8a0 [i915]()
[ 2.352176] encoder's enabled state mismatch (expected 0, found 1)
[ 2.352179] Modules linked in: ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea mii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.352221] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Tainted: G W 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.352225] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.352235] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.352240] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae3960 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.352248] ffff880035ae39a8 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae3998 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.352254] ffff880034e08b18 ffff880035589600 ffff880034e08b48 ffff880034e08b30
[ 2.352261] Call Trace:
[ 2.352272] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.352279] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.352285] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.352347] [<ffffffffc01ef9f7>] ? intel_tv_get_hw_state+0x27/0x50 [i915]
[ 2.352394] [<ffffffffc01a6433>] intel_modeset_check_state+0x563/0x8a0 [i915]
[ 2.352440] [<ffffffffc01b1bcb>] intel_atomic_commit+0x4bb/0x6f0 [i915]
[ 2.352472] [<ffffffffc0046c47>] drm_atomic_commit+0x37/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.352518] [<ffffffffc01b71e5>] intel_get_load_detect_pipe+0x3d5/0x530 [i915]
[ 2.352566] [<ffffffffc01f08ed>] intel_tv_detect+0x13d/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.352589] [<ffffffffc00412de>] ? drm_get_edid+0x3e/0x3f0 [drm]
[ 2.352606] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.352615] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.352626] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.352672] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.352676] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.352680] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.352683] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.352687] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.352690] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.352693] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.352698] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.352701] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.352704] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab09 ]---
[ 2.380278] firewire_core 0000:02:06.1: created device fw0: GUID 00023f9929c9140e, S400
[ 2.424067] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 2.424151] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 82 at /build/linux-Ay7j_C/linux-4.4.0/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_display.c:12155 intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]()
[ 2.424156] WARN_ON(!connector_state->crtc)
[ 2.424159] Modules linked in:
[ 2.424163] ahci psmouse i915 firewire_ohci libahci b44 i2c_algo_bit pata_acpi drm_kms_helper ssb syscopyarea mii sysfillrect firewire_core sysimgblt fb_sys_fops crc_itu_t drm wmi fjes video
[ 2.424196] CPU: 0 PID: 82 Comm: kworker/u4:3 Tainted: G W 4.4.0-21-generic #37-Ubuntu
[ 2.424201] Hardware name: Hewlett-Packard HP Compaq nx7300 (RU460EA#ABH)/30A2, BIOS 68YGU Ver. F.0C 07/25/2007
[ 2.424208] Workqueue: events_unbound async_run_entry_fn
[ 2.424213] 0000000000000286 000000003c6593a8 ffff880035ae39e8 ffffffff813e93c3
[ 2.424220] ffff880035ae3a30 ffffffffc0215a50 ffff880035ae3a20 ffffffff81080f62
[ 2.424227] ffff880034e08800 ffff880034e0a800 ffff880034e08800 0000000000000000
[ 2.424234] Call Trace:
[ 2.424241] [<ffffffff813e93c3>] dump_stack+0x63/0x90
[ 2.424248] [<ffffffff81080f62>] warn_slowpath_common+0x82/0xc0
[ 2.424253] [<ffffffff81080ffc>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0x80
[ 2.424261] [<ffffffff811eebf4>] ? __kmalloc_track_caller+0x1b4/0x250
[ 2.424330] [<ffffffffc01b356d>] intel_atomic_check+0x2fd/0x6b0 [i915]
[ 2.424356] [<ffffffffc004680e>] drm_atomic_check_only+0x18e/0x590 [drm]
[ 2.424380] [<ffffffffc0046cf0>] ? drm_atomic_set_fb_for_plane+0x20/0x90 [drm]
[ 2.424402] [<ffffffffc0046c27>] drm_atomic_commit+0x17/0x60 [drm]
[ 2.424449] [<ffffffffc01b7460>] intel_release_load_detect_pipe+0x120/0x160 [i915]
[ 2.424497] [<ffffffffc01f0aeb>] intel_tv_detect+0x33b/0x5f0 [i915]
[ 2.424508] [<ffffffffc00d9da5>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes_merge_bits+0x235/0x4d0 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.424517] [<ffffffffc00da053>] drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes+0x13/0x20 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.424528] [<ffffffffc00e691e>] drm_fb_helper_initial_config+0xae/0x420 [drm_kms_helper]
[ 2.424575] [<ffffffffc01c74bb>] intel_fbdev_initial_config+0x1b/0x20 [i915]
[ 2.424578] [<ffffffff810a2f28>] async_run_entry_fn+0x48/0x150
[ 2.424582] [<ffffffff81099ff2>] process_one_work+0x162/0x480
[ 2.424585] [<ffffffff8109a35b>] worker_thread+0x4b/0x4c0
[ 2.424588] [<ffffffff8109a310>] ? process_one_work+0x480/0x480
[ 2.424591] [<ffffffff810a0528>] kthread+0xd8/0xf0
[ 2.424595] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.424599] [<ffffffff8182488f>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[ 2.424602] [<ffffffff810a0450>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1e0/0x1e0
[ 2.424605] ---[ end trace 9c3f9641e06cab0a ]---
还有更多（但它们看起来很相似）。
键入lshw -c video我得到这个：
$ sudo lshw -c video
*-display:0
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:f4400000-f447ffff ioport:4000(size=8) memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:f4480000-f44bffff
*-display:1 UNCLAIMED
description: Display controller
product: Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:f4500000-f457ffff
重新安装X驱动程序，如16.04-如何清除英特尔默认驱动程序和重新安装英特尔图形驱动程序无济于事。在以前的Ubuntu版本中，尽管某些3D操作（例如旋转的桌面多维数据集）未正确完成透视图转换，但不存在此问题。
6
可以使用临时修复程序，请参见askubuntu.com/a/772032，希望这对您有所帮助！
—
dzmanto
@dzmanto：我按照您对这个问题的回答尝试了4.5.1内核，但是，这对我的情况没有帮助。如果我重复执行全屏缩放和放大几下的操作，那么问题就显现出来了。（屏幕在紫色背景色的彩色条纹之间出现水平的黑条。）
—
Olaf Seibert，2016年
@David Foerster：我看着这个问题；它的答案似乎与恢复X日志有关。但是在我的情况下，计算机完全冻结，因此没有机会记录任何内容。不幸的是，.xsession-errors..old或Xorg.0.log.old包含任何有趣的内容。
—
奥拉夫·塞伯特
这似乎不是X-Realted。当没有连接显示器时，我在没有X且只有（！）的基于Intel D945GSEJT的服务器上看到了它。更新到4.5.7解决了该问题。
—
user69522'9