介绍
此答案中显示的脚本允许用户通过一个命令和选项列表来控制其终端窗口。它易于使用，并且与具有类似于的键绑定的任何终端仿真器兼容gnome-terminal。移动选项也可以与其他终端一起使用，但是不能保证这些终端的凸舌打开。
该脚本涵盖了打开选项卡，打开窗口，向下移动到工作空间，向右移动工作空间，以整数表示的特定工作空间，最小化，最大化和非最大化窗口。该脚本唯一无法涵盖的就是仅由于每个外壳程序/终端仿真器已经有一个命令（exit或通过CtrlD快捷方式）来关闭选项卡/窗口。
!!! 注意：您将需要xdotool切换工作区和打开选项卡。通过安装sudo apt-get install xdotool。如果您不想安装额外的软件包，请记住工作空间和选项卡切换将不起作用，但其他选项将起作用。
用法：
所有to的参数windowctrl.py都是可选的，因此可以单独使用，也可以一起使用。如-h选项所示。
$ ./windowctrl.py -h
usage: windowctrl.py [-h] [-w] [-t] [-m] [-M] [-u] [-v VIEWPORT] [-r] [-d]
Copyright 2016. Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy.
Window control for terminal emulators. Originally written
for gnome-terminal under Ubuntu with Unity desktop but can
be used with any other terminal emulator that conforms to
gnome-terminal keybindings. It can potentially be used for
controlling other windows as well via binding this script
to a keyboard shortcut.
Note that --viewport and --tab options require xdotool to be
installed on the system. If you don't have it installed, you
can still use the other options. xdotool can be installed via
sudo apt-get install xdotool.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-w, --window spawns new window
-t, --tab spawns new tab
-m, --minimize minimizes current window
-M, --maximize maximizes window
-u, --unmaximize unmaximizes window
-v VIEWPORT, --viewport VIEWPORT
send window to workspace number
-r, --right send window to workspace right
-d, --down send window to workspace down
脚本源代码：
脚本源代码可在GitHub上以及此处获得。最新的更改可能会在GitHub中而不是在此处，因此，我强烈建议在此处检查最新版本。也建议在此发布错误报告。
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Program name: windowctrl.py
Author: Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
Date: Sept 18, 2016
Written for: http://askubuntu.com/q/826310/295286
Tested on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
"""
from __future__ import print_function
import gi
gi.require_version('Gdk', '3.0')
from gi.repository import Gio,Gdk
import sys
import dbus
import subprocess
import argparse
def gsettings_get(schema,path,key):
"""Get value of gsettings schema"""
if path is None:
gsettings = Gio.Settings.new(schema)
else:
gsettings = Gio.Settings.new_with_path(schema,path)
return gsettings.get_value(key)
def run_cmd(cmdlist):
""" Reusable function for running shell commands"""
try:
stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmdlist)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
print(">>> subprocess:",cmdlist)
sys.exit(1)
else:
if stdout:
return stdout
def get_dbus(bus_type,obj,path,interface,method,arg):
# Reusable function for accessing dbus
# This basically works the same as
# dbus-send or qdbus. Just give it
# all the info, and it will spit out output
if bus_type == "session":
bus = dbus.SessionBus()
if bus_type == "system":
bus = dbus.SystemBus()
proxy = bus.get_object(obj,path)
method = proxy.get_dbus_method(method,interface)
if arg:
return method(arg)
else:
return method()
def new_window():
screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
active_xid = int(screen.get_active_window().get_xid())
app_path = get_dbus( 'session',
'org.ayatana.bamf',
'/org/ayatana/bamf/matcher',
'org.ayatana.bamf.matcher',
'ApplicationForXid',
active_xid
)
desk_file = get_dbus('session',
'org.ayatana.bamf',
str(app_path),
'org.ayatana.bamf.application',
'DesktopFile',
None
)
# Big credit to Six: http://askubuntu.com/a/664272/295286
Gio.DesktopAppInfo.new_from_filename(desk_file).launch_uris(None)
def enumerate_viewports():
""" generates enumerated dictionary of viewports and their
indexes, counting left to right """
schema="org.compiz.core"
path="/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/core/"
keys=['hsize','vsize']
screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
screen_size=[ screen.get_width(),screen.get_height()]
grid=[ int(str(gsettings_get(schema,path,key))) for key in keys]
x_vals=[ screen_size[0]*x for x in range(0,grid[0]) ]
y_vals=[screen_size[1]*x for x in range(0,grid[1]) ]
viewports=[(x,y) for y in y_vals for x in x_vals ]
return {vp:ix for ix,vp in enumerate(viewports,1)}
def get_current_viewport():
"""returns tuple representing current viewport,
in format (width,height)"""
vp_string = run_cmd(['xprop', '-root',
'-notype', '_NET_DESKTOP_VIEWPORT'])
vp_list=vp_string.decode().strip().split('=')[1].split(',')
return tuple( int(i) for i in vp_list )
def maximize():
screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
window = screen.get_active_window()
window.maximize()
screen.get_active_window()
window.process_all_updates()
def unmaximize():
screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
window = screen.get_active_window()
window.unmaximize()
screen.get_active_window()
window.process_all_updates()
def minimize():
screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
window = screen.get_active_window()
window.iconify()
window.process_all_updates()
def window_move(viewport):
# 1. grab window object
# 2. jump viewport 0 0 so we can move only
# in positive plane
# 3. move the window.
# 4. set viewport back to what it was
# Step 1
screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
screen_size=[ screen.get_width(),screen.get_height()]
window = screen.get_active_window()
viewports = enumerate_viewports()
current = get_current_viewport()
current_num = viewports[current]
destination = [
key for key,val in viewports.items()
if val == int(viewport)
][0]
# Step 2.
run_cmd([
'xdotool',
'set_desktop_viewport',
'0','0'
])
# Step 3.
window.move(destination[0],destination[1])
window.process_all_updates()
run_cmd([
'xdotool',
'set_desktop_viewport',
str(current[0]),
str(current[1])
])
def move_right():
sc = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
width = sc.get_width()
win = sc.get_active_window()
pos = win.get_origin()
win.move(width,pos.y)
win.process_all_updates()
def move_down():
sc = Gdk.Screen.get_default()
height = sc.get_height()
win = sc.get_active_window()
pos = win.get_origin()
win.move(pos.x,height)
win.process_all_updates()
def new_tab():
run_cmd(['xdotool','key','ctrl+shift+t'])
def parse_args():
""" Parse command line arguments"""
info="""Copyright 2016. Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy.
Window control for terminal emulators. Originally written
for gnome-terminal under Ubuntu with Unity desktop but can
be used with any other terminal emulator that conforms to
gnome-terminal keybindings. It can potentially be used for
controlling other windows as well via binding this script
to a keyboard shortcut.
Note that --viewport and --tab options require xdotool to be
installed on the system. If you don't have it installed, you
can still use the other options. xdotool can be installed via
sudo apt-get install xdotool.
"""
arg_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description=info,
formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter)
arg_parser.add_argument(
'-w','--window', action='store_true',
help='spawns new window',
required=False)
arg_parser.add_argument(
'-t','--tab',action='store_true',
help='spawns new tab',
required=False)
arg_parser.add_argument(
'-m','--minimize',action='store_true',
help='minimizes current window',
required=False)
arg_parser.add_argument(
'-M','--maximize',action='store_true',
help='maximizes window',
required=False)
arg_parser.add_argument(
'-u','--unmaximize',action='store_true',
help='unmaximizes window',
required=False)
arg_parser.add_argument(
'-v','--viewport',action='store',
type=int, help='send window to workspace number',
required=False)
arg_parser.add_argument(
'-r','--right',action='store_true',
help='send window to workspace right',
required=False)
arg_parser.add_argument(
'-d','--down',action='store_true',
help='send window to workspace down',
required=False)
return arg_parser.parse_args()
def main():
args = parse_args()
if args.window:
new_window()
if args.tab:
new_tab()
if args.down:
move_down()
if args.right:
move_right()
if args.viewport:
window_move(args.viewport)
if args.minimize:
minimize()
if args.maximize:
maximize()
if args.unmaximize:
unmaximize()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
旁注
您问：“在Gnome终端中是否有命令，或者有任何可打开标签的外壳程序打开了新标签页？” Gnome Terminal手册未列出此类选项。外壳程序是命令行实用程序。选项卡是GUI应用程序的功能。有一些终端多路复用器，例如screen或tmux可以具有“选项卡”或拆分窗口，其类型接近于“可标签外壳”，但这与您要求的行为类型不同。基本上，您的问题的答案是“否”。总有其他选择，我的回答提供了其中一种。它根据其性质来处理终端窗口-X11 GUI窗口。
这个答案与别名有什么关系？好吧，首先，别名可能会有些混乱，尤其是在引用和解析来自多个命令的多个输出时。该脚本为您提供了一个集中的命令，带有标志/开关，可以在窗口上执行离散任务。这也使别名更简单。你可以做的alias nw='windowctrl.py --window'。更短，更整洁。