众所周知,SSD在NAND单元死亡之前具有有限的PE(编程擦除)周期。
因此,了解多少数据已写入SSD非常有帮助,以确定在NAND死亡之前它将持续多长时间。
我有一个Samsung 850 Pro 512GB SSD,并且正在运行Ubuntu 14.04。
如何获得驱动器的TBW(总字节数)?
众所周知,SSD在NAND单元死亡之前具有有限的PE(编程擦除)周期。
因此,了解多少数据已写入SSD非常有帮助,以确定在NAND死亡之前它将持续多长时间。
我有一个Samsung 850 Pro 512GB SSD,并且正在运行Ubuntu 14.04。
如何获得驱动器的TBW(总字节数)?
Answers:
smartctl
安装这是一个方便的小脚本,可让您监视SSD的TBW以及其他一些信息:
#!/bin/bash
#######################################
# Variables #
#######################################
SSD_DEVICE="/dev/sda"
ON_TIME_TAG="Power_On_Hours"
WEAR_COUNT_TAG="Wear_Leveling_Count"
LBAS_WRITTEN_TAG="Total_LBAs_Written"
LBA_SIZE=512 # Value in bytes
BYTES_PER_MB=1048576
BYTES_PER_GB=1073741824
BYTES_PER_TB=1099511627776
#######################################
# Get total data written... #
#######################################
# Get SMART attributes
SMART_INFO=$(sudo /usr/sbin/smartctl -A "$SSD_DEVICE")
# Extract required attributes
ON_TIME=$(echo "$SMART_INFO" | grep "$ON_TIME_TAG" | awk '{print $10}')
WEAR_COUNT=$(echo "$SMART_INFO" | grep "$WEAR_COUNT_TAG" | awk '{print $4}' | sed 's/^0*//')
LBAS_WRITTEN=$(echo "$SMART_INFO" | grep "$LBAS_WRITTEN_TAG" | awk '{print $10}')
# Convert LBAs -> bytes
BYTES_WRITTEN=$(echo "$LBAS_WRITTEN * $LBA_SIZE" | bc)
MB_WRITTEN=$(echo "scale=3; $BYTES_WRITTEN / $BYTES_PER_MB" | bc)
GB_WRITTEN=$(echo "scale=3; $BYTES_WRITTEN / $BYTES_PER_GB" | bc)
TB_WRITTEN=$(echo "scale=3; $BYTES_WRITTEN / $BYTES_PER_TB" | bc)
# Output results...
echo "------------------------------"
echo " SSD Status: $SSD_DEVICE"
echo "------------------------------"
echo " On time: $(echo $ON_TIME | sed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\>/,&/;ta') hr"
echo "------------------------------"
echo " Data written:"
echo " MB: $(echo $MB_WRITTEN | sed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\>/,&/;ta')"
echo " GB: $(echo $GB_WRITTEN | sed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\>/,&/;ta')"
echo " TB: $(echo $TB_WRITTEN | sed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\>/,&/;ta')"
echo "------------------------------"
echo " Mean write rate:"
echo " MB/hr: $(echo "scale=3; $MB_WRITTEN / $ON_TIME" | bc | sed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\>/,&/;ta')"
echo "------------------------------"
echo " Drive health: ${WEAR_COUNT} %"
echo "------------------------------"
这是输出示例:
------------------------------
SSD Status: /dev/sda
------------------------------
On time: 2 hr
------------------------------
Data written:
MB: 25,098.917
GB: 24.510
TB: .023
------------------------------
Mean write rate:
MB/hr: 12,549.458
------------------------------
Drive health: 100 %
------------------------------
这些数据是准确的,因为我只是安装了新的850 Pro。
另外,这是只获得TBW的单线服务:
echo "GB Written: $(echo "scale=3; $(sudo /usr/sbin/smartctl -A /dev/sda | grep "Total_LBAs_Written" | awk '{print $10}') * 512 / 1073741824" | bc | sed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\>/,&/;ta')"
至关重要的SSD剩余使用寿命
对于Crucial SSD(由Micron制造),剩余寿命的问题变得容易一些。
此文档将202标识为剩余生存时间百分比。例如,在Ubuntu 16.04(sudo smartctl /dev/sda1 -a
)上报告202为未知,但值90(在我的情况下)与pdf中的描述匹配,并指示剩余90%的寿命。可以通过critical.com有关驱动器的文献中提供的TBW来适当地缩放比例。实际上,剩余生命期更为有用。
可接受的答案使输出output肿,过多的无用脚本-wizardry并从中隐藏了初始参数名称smartctl
。这是一个更好的版本;
#!/bin/bash
device=${1:-/dev/sda}
sudo smartctl -A $device |awk '
$0 ~ /Power_On_Hours/ { poh=$10; printf "%s / %d hours / %d days / %.2f years\n", $2, $10, $10 / 24, $10 / 24 / 365.25 }
$0 ~ /Total_LBAs_Written/ {
lbas=$10;
bytes=$10 * 512;
mb= bytes / 1024^2;
gb= bytes / 1024^3;
tb= bytes / 1024^4;
printf "%s / %s / %d mb / %.1f gb / %.3f tb\n", $2, $10, mb, gb, tb
printf "mean writes per hour: / %.2f", mb/poh
}
$0 ~ /Airflow_Temperature_Cel/ { print $2 " / " $10}
$0 ~ /Wear_Leveling_Count/ { printf "%s / %d (%% health)\n", $2, int($4) }
' |
sed -e 's:/:@:' |
sed -e "s\$^\$$device @ \$" |
column -ts@
样本输出:
$ for i in /dev/sd{a,b,c,d}; do ssd-tbw $i;done |sort -k2,2
/dev/sda Airflow_Temperature_Cel 49
/dev/sdb Airflow_Temperature_Cel 49
/dev/sdc Airflow_Temperature_Cel 45
/dev/sdd Airflow_Temperature_Cel 47
/dev/sda mean writes per hour: 655.80
/dev/sdb mean writes per hour: 646.97
/dev/sdc mean writes per hour: 874.49
/dev/sdd mean writes per hour: 733.95
/dev/sda Power_On_Hours 27292 hours / 1137 days / 3.11 years
/dev/sdb Power_On_Hours 27300 hours / 1137 days / 3.11 years
/dev/sdc Power_On_Hours 14432 hours / 601 days / 1.65 years
/dev/sdd Power_On_Hours 23255 hours / 968 days / 2.65 years
/dev/sda Total_LBAs_Written 36655329806 / 17898110 mb / 17478.6 gb / 17.069 tb
/dev/sdb Total_LBAs_Written 36172538301 / 17662372 mb / 17248.4 gb / 16.844 tb
/dev/sdc Total_LBAs_Written 25846999325 / 12620605 mb / 12324.8 gb / 12.036 tb
/dev/sdd Total_LBAs_Written 34955224738 / 17067980 mb / 16668.0 gb / 16.277 tb
/dev/sda Wear_Leveling_Count 93 (% health)
/dev/sdb Wear_Leveling_Count 93 (% health)
/dev/sdc Wear_Leveling_Count 95 (% health)
/dev/sdd Wear_Leveling_Count 94 (% health)
和一线
$ sudo /usr/sbin/smartctl -A /dev/sda |
awk '$0~/LBAs/{ printf "TBW %.1f\n", $10 * 512 / 1024^4 }'
TBW 17.1
Total_LBAs_Written
为2268,并产生1.1 MB的写入数据–对于已经使用了一年以上的驱动器,显然是不正确的,并且该驱动器是我的主要系统驱动器:(