Answers:
有一种工具cpuid可以用来查询比lshw或中通常提供的更为详细的信息/proc/cpuinfo。在Fedora 19系统上，我可以使用以下命令安装软件包：
$ sudo yum install cpuid
一旦安装，cpuid便是有关底层CPU的详细信息的宝库。
至少有2个版本的工具称为cpuid。在Debian / Ubuntu上：
$ dpkg -p cpuid
Package: cpuid
Priority: optional
Section: admin
Installed-Size: 68
Maintainer: Ubuntu MOTU Developers <ubuntu-motu@lists.ubuntu.com>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 3.3-9
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.5-0ubuntu1)
Size: 11044
Description: Intel and AMD x86 CPUID display program
This program displays the vendor ID, the processor specific features,
the processor name string, different kinds of instruction set
extensions present, L1/L2 Cache information, and so on for the
processor on which it is running.
.
Homepage: http://www.ka9q.net/code/cpuid/
Original-Maintainer: Aurélien GÉRÔME <ag@roxor.cx>
在CentOS / Fedora / RHEL上：
$ rpm -qi cpuid
Name : cpuid
Version : 20130610
Release : 1.fc19
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Wed 29 Jan 2014 09:48:17 PM EST
Group : System Environment/Base
Size : 253725
License : MIT
Signature : RSA/SHA256, Sun 16 Jun 2013 12:30:11 PM EDT, Key ID 07477e65fb4b18e6
Source RPM : cpuid-20130610-1.fc19.src.rpm
Build Date : Sun 16 Jun 2013 05:39:24 AM EDT
Build Host : buildvm-13.phx2.fedoraproject.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : Fedora Project
Vendor : Fedora Project
URL : http://www.etallen.com/cpuid.html
Summary : Dumps information about the CPU(s)
Description :
cpuid dumps detailed information about x86 CPU(s) gathered from the CPUID
instruction, and also determines the exact model of CPU(s). It supports Intel,
AMD, and VIA CPUs, as well as older Transmeta, Cyrix, UMC, NexGen, and Rise
CPUs.
注意：下面的输出将仅专注于Todd Allen对的实现cpuid，即Fedora打包的实现。
上半部分是非常标准的东西。
$ cpuid -1 | less
CPU:
vendor_id = "GenuineIntel"
version information (1/eax):
processor type = primary processor (0)
family = Intel Pentium Pro/II/III/Celeron/Core/Core 2/Atom, AMD Athlon/Duron, Cyrix M2, VIA C3 (6)
model = 0x5 (5)
stepping id = 0x5 (5)
extended family = 0x0 (0)
extended model = 0x2 (2)
(simple synth) = Intel Core i3 / i5 / i7 (Clarkdale K0) / Pentium U5000 Mobile / Pentium P4505 / U3405 / Celeron Mobile P4000 / U3000 (Arrandale K0), 32nm
miscellaneous (1/ebx):
process local APIC physical ID = 0x1 (1)
cpu count = 0x10 (16)
CLFLUSH line size = 0x8 (8)
brand index = 0x0 (0)
brand id = 0x00 (0): unknown
但是下面的部分更具启发性。
feature information (1/edx):
x87 FPU on chip = true
virtual-8086 mode enhancement = true
debugging extensions = true
page size extensions = true
time stamp counter = true
RDMSR and WRMSR support = true
physical address extensions = true
machine check exception = true
CMPXCHG8B inst. = true
APIC on chip = true
SYSENTER and SYSEXIT = true
memory type range registers = true
PTE global bit = true
machine check architecture = true
conditional move/compare instruction = true
page attribute table = true
page size extension = true
processor serial number = false
CLFLUSH instruction = true
debug store = true
thermal monitor and clock ctrl = true
MMX Technology = true
FXSAVE/FXRSTOR = true
SSE extensions = true
SSE2 extensions = true
self snoop = true
hyper-threading / multi-core supported = true
therm. monitor = true
IA64 = false
pending break event = true
它将向您显示有关缓存结构的详细信息：
cache and TLB information (2):
0x5a: data TLB: 2M/4M pages, 4-way, 32 entries
0x03: data TLB: 4K pages, 4-way, 64 entries
0x55: instruction TLB: 2M/4M pages, fully, 7 entries
0xdd: L3 cache: 3M, 12-way, 64 byte lines
0xb2: instruction TLB: 4K, 4-way, 64 entries
0xf0: 64 byte prefetching
0x2c: L1 data cache: 32K, 8-way, 64 byte lines
0x21: L2 cache: 256K MLC, 8-way, 64 byte lines
0xca: L2 TLB: 4K, 4-way, 512 entries
0x09: L1 instruction cache: 32K, 4-way, 64-byte lines
有关CPU缓存的更多详细信息：
deterministic cache parameters (4):
--- cache 0 ---
cache type = data cache (1)
cache level = 0x1 (1)
self-initializing cache level = true
fully associative cache = false
extra threads sharing this cache = 0x1 (1)
extra processor cores on this die = 0x7 (7)
system coherency line size = 0x3f (63)
physical line partitions = 0x0 (0)
ways of associativity = 0x7 (7)
WBINVD/INVD behavior on lower caches = false
inclusive to lower caches = false
complex cache indexing = false
number of sets - 1 (s) = 63
清单继续。
在Ubuntu上，程序包的名称相同（cpuid）。它显示一个序列号，但我不知道它是否正确。
Processor serial: 0003-06A9-0000-0000-0000-0000
（在我看来有点可疑，但与此同时还有很多信息）
Extended brand string: " Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3317U CPU @ 1.70GHz"
CLFLUSH instruction cache line size: 8
Initial APIC ID: 1
Hyper threading siblings: 16
Feature flags bfebfbff:
FPU Floating Point Unit
VME Virtual 8086 Mode Enhancements
DE Debugging Extensions
PSE Page Size Extensions
TSC Time Stamp Counter
MSR Model Specific Registers
PAE Physical Address Extension
MCE Machine Check Exception
CX8 COMPXCHG8B Instruction
APIC On-chip Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller present and enabled
SEP Fast System Call
MTRR Memory Type Range Registers
PGE PTE Global Flag
MCA Machine Check Architecture
CMOV Conditional Move and Compare Instructions
FGPAT Page Attribute Table
PSE-36 36-bit Page Size Extension
CLFSH CFLUSH instruction
DS Debug store
ACPI Thermal Monitor and Clock Ctrl
MMX MMX instruction set
FXSR Fast FP/MMX Streaming SIMD Extensions save/restore
SSE Streaming SIMD Extensions instruction set
SSE2 SSE2 extensions
SS Self Snoop
HT Hyper Threading
TM Thermal monitor
31 reserved
TLB and cache info:
5a: unknown TLB/cache descriptor
03: Data TLB: 4KB pages, 4-way set assoc, 64 entries
76: unknown TLB/cache descriptor
ff: unknown TLB/cache descriptor
b2: unknown TLB/cache descriptor
f0: unknown TLB/cache descriptor
ca: unknown TLB/cache descriptor