如何在不删除符号链接的情况下复制目录结构？

我需要将一堆文件“安装”到另一个目录，以保持源文件的目录结构完整。例如，如果我./foo/bar/baz.txt要去，/var/www/localhost/webroot/我希望结果是/var/www/localhost/webroot/foo/bar/baz.txt。rsync在中具有此功能--relative，但是当我这样做时，我发现它对符号链接并不友好：

$ ls -ald /var/www/localhost/webroot/ | grep ^l
lrwxrwxrwx  1 www-data www-data     15 2014-01-03 13:45 media -> ../static/media
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root     root         13 2014-02-24 13:47 var -> ../static/var
$ rsync -qrR . /var/www/localhost/webroot/
$ ls -ald /var/www/localhost/webroot/ | grep var
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2014-02-24 13:52 /var/www/localhost/webroot/var

因此，您会看到符号链接不再是符号链接–文件被复制到错误的位置！

rsync也可以--no-implied-dirs选择，从表面上看似乎可以满足我的要求，但是它仅在不执行递归rsync 时才可以按我的意图工作，所以我必须：

find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0I{} rsync -R --no-implied-dirs {} /var/www/localhost/webroot/

有没有更直接的方法来完成文件的镜像而不清除中间的符号链接目录（带有或不带有rsync）？

使用rsync的选项-K（--keep-dirlinks）。从联机帮助页：

 -K, --keep-dirlinks
      This  option  causes  the  receiving side  to  treat  a
      symlink  to  a  directory  as though  it  were  a  real
      directory, but only if it matches a real directory from
      the  sender.   Without   this  option,  the  receiver’s
      symlink  would  be deleted  and  replaced  with a  real
      directory.

      For example, suppose you  transfer a directory foo that
      contains a file file, but foo is a symlink to directory
      bar  on  the  receiver.  Without  --keep-dirlinks,  the
      receiver  deletes  symlink  foo,   recreates  it  as  a
      directory,  and   receives  the   file  into   the  new
      directory.   With --keep-dirlinks,  the receiver  keeps
      the symlink and file ends up in bar.

      One note  of caution:  if you  use --keep-dirlinks, you
      must  trust all  the symlinks  in the  copy!  If  it is
      possible  for an  untrusted  user to  create their  own
      symlink to  any directory,  the user  could then  (on a
      subsequent  copy)  replace  the  symlink  with  a  real
      directory and affect the  content of whatever directory
      the  symlink references.   For backup  copies, you  are
      better off using something like a bind mount instead of
      a symlink to modify your receiving hierarchy.

      See also  --copy-dirlinks for  an analogous  option for
      the sending side.

我想将我的符号链接保留为符号链接。为此，您可以使用-l选项。

    -l, --links                 copy symlinks as symlinks

由于我是在OS X上复制框架，因此发现这很有帮助。

请使用-a，-l如前所述。但是，如果您需要源的完整副本，它还包含其他重要选项。

另外：据我了解手册页，-K它用于接收方的符号链接。我认为这不是正确的答案。

作为rsync回答，tar实用程序可以执行此任务。tar在管道的任一侧使用两个实例，第一个实例使用目录结构，第二个实例将其提取到其他位置。副本的文件所有权可能会更改，而权限模式可能会保持不变。

存在许多示例，我在此答案中的建议相对较快：https : //unix.stackexchange.com/a/59108/34251。

编辑
第二个（更简洁？）示例：https : //unix.stackexchange.com/a/19824/34251。