不应该预先植入debconf-get-selections中的哪些值?


8

我想在新系统的安装中复制为系统当前配置所做的Debian安装选择。

Debian可以通过“预配置”(也称为“ preseed”)文件进行预配置,该文件基本上包含安装程序会询问的问题的答案。

文档指出,从现有的Debian安装中创建预配置文件的一种方法是:

...使用debconf-get-selectionsdebconf-utils软件包中的,将debconf数据库和安装程序的cdebconf数据库都转储到一个文件中:

$ debconf-get-selections --installer > file
$ debconf-get-selections >> file

但随后立即添加:

但是,以这种方式生成的文件将包含一些不应该预播的项目...

该文档没有详细说明那些不应该预装的项目。

有人可以详细说明吗?


作为说明,在下面,我包括从上面的两个命令获得的输出的第二个字段,在该字段中,我仅保留了以开头的行d-i以及注释,有时为了简洁起见也被截断了。(仅保留以开头的配置行的原因d-i是,在Debian提供的示例预配置文件中,仅出现这样的行。)

# Check the integrity of another CD-ROM?
cdrom-checker/nextcd

# Web server started, but network not running
save-logs/no_network

# for internal use only
debian-installer/consoledisplay

debian-installer/shell-plugin

# Country, territory or area:
# Choices: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Botswana, Canada, ...
localechooser/shortlist

# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/include_command

# Country of origin for the keyboard:
# Choices: 
keyboard-configuration/layout

# Choices: Canada, Mexico, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, United ...
localechooser/countrylist/North_America

# Choices: Greece, Cyprus, other
localechooser/shortlist/el

# Keyboard layout:
# Choices: 
keyboard-configuration/variant

# Choices: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Bu...
localechooser/countrylist/Africa

# Choices: Finland, Sweden, other
localechooser/shortlist/sv

# Keep default keyboard options ()?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_options

# Choices: Cyprus, Turkey, other
localechooser/shortlist/tr

# Interactive shell
di-utils-shell/do-shell

# for internal use only
# Choices: stable, testing, unstable
cdrom/suite

# Choose an installation step:
# Choices: 
debian-installer/missing-provide

# Check CD-ROM integrity?
cdrom-checker/start

# Failed to retrieve the preconfiguration file
preseed/retrieve_error

# Directory in which to save debug logs:
save-logs/directory

# for internal use only
debconf/showold

# Failed to open checksum file
cdrom-checker/md5file_failed

# Choices: Andorra, Spain, France, Italy, other
localechooser/shortlist/ca

# Write the changes to the storage devices and configure RAID...
partman-md/confirm_nooverwrite

# PCMCIA resource range options:
hw-detect/pcmcia_resources

# Failed to mount the floppy
save-logs/floppy_mount_failed

# for internal use only
debconf/language

# Choices: China, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, other
localechooser/shortlist/zh_TW

# Dummy template for preseeding unavailable questions
debian-installer/dummy

# Additional parameters for module :
hw-detect/retry_params

# Incorrect CD-ROM detected
cdrom-detect/wrong-cd

# for internal use; can be preseeded
cdrom-detect/eject

# Choices: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, E...
localechooser/shortlist/es

# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/run

# Write the changes to disks and configure LVM?
partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite

# Cannot save logs
save-logs/bad_directory

# Choices: Belgium, Canada, France, Luxembourg, Switzerland, ...
localechooser/shortlist/fr

# Insufficient memory
lowmem/insufficient

# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/optionscode

# Choices: China, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, other
localechooser/shortlist/zh_CN

# Load missing firmware from removable media?
hw-detect/load_firmware

# Choices: Italy, Switzerland, other
localechooser/shortlist/it

# Choices: Antarctica
localechooser/countrylist/Antarctica

# Choose the next step in the install process:
# Choices: Choose language, Configure the speech synthesizer ...
debian-installer/main-menu

# Failed to load installer component
anna/install_failed

# Choices: Russian Federation, Ukraine, other
localechooser/shortlist/ru

# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/modelcode

# Entering low memory mode
lowmem/low

# Choices: Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Algeria, Sy...
localechooser/shortlist/ar

# Keep current keyboard options in the configuration file?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_options

# Choices: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Botswana, Canada, ...
localechooser/shortlist/en

# Method for toggling between national and Latin mode:
# Choices: Caps Lock, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, Right...
keyboard-configuration/toggle

# for internal use only
anna/retriever

# Choices: Curaçao
localechooser/countrylist/other

# Choices: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Be...
localechooser/countrylist/Europe

# locale
localechooser/help/locale

# Load CD-ROM drivers from removable media?
cdrom-detect/load_media

# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/framebuffer

# for internal use
espeakup/voice

# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/include

# Error reading Release file
cdrom-detect/no-release

# Ignore questions with a priority less than:
# Choices: critical, high, medium, low
debconf/priority

# Key to function as AltGr:
# Choices: The default for the keyboard layout, No AltGr key,...
keyboard-configuration/altgr

# CD-ROM detected
cdrom-detect/success

# Choices: Bouvet Island, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Saint ...
localechooser/countrylist/Atlantic_Ocean

# Continue the install without loading kernel modules?
anna/no_kernel_modules

# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/exit/poweroff

# Choices: Bangladesh, India, other
localechooser/shortlist/bn

# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/include/checksum

# Integrity test failed
cdrom-checker/mismatch

# Load missing drivers from removable media?
hw-detect/load_media

# Keep default keyboard layout ()?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_layout

# Start PC card services?
hw-detect/start_pcmcia

# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/add-kernel-opts

# for internal use; can be preseeded
mouse/protocol

# for internal use; can be preseeded
mouse/left

# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/layoutcode

# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/store_defaults_in_debconf_db

# Choices: Brazil, Portugal, other
localechooser/shortlist/pt

# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/early_command

# for internal use only
debian-installer/exit/always_halt

# Choices: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Atlantic Ocean, Caribbea...
localechooser/continentlist

# Insert Debian boot CD-ROM
cdrom-checker/firstcd

# How should the debug logs be saved or transferred?
# Choices: floppy, web, mounted file system
save-logs/menu

# for internal use; can be preseeded
rescue/enable

# for internal use only
cdrom-detect/cdrom_fs

# Insert formatted floppy in drive
save-logs/insert_floppy

# Translations temporarily not available
localechooser/translation/none-yet

# Keymap to use:
# Choices: American English, Albanian, Arabic, Asturian, Bang...
keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap

# for internal use; can be preseeded
mouse/device

# for internal use only
cdrom-detect/hybrid

# for internal use only
debconf/translations-dropped

# Country to base default locale settings on:
# Choices: Antigua and Barbuda${!TAB}-${!TAB}en_AG, Australia...
localechooser/preferred-locale

# Choices: Spain, France, other
localechooser/shortlist/eu

# Choices: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuad...
localechooser/countrylist/South_America

# Failed to mount CD-ROM
cdrom-checker/mntfailed

# Retry mounting the CD-ROM?
cdrom-detect/retry

# Choices: Serbia, Montenegro, other
localechooser/shortlist/sr

# Module needed for accessing the CD-ROM:
# Choices: 
cdrom-detect/cdrom_module

# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/file

# for internal use; can be preseeded
hw-detect/load-ide

# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/interactive

# Installation step failed
debian-installer/main-menu/item-failure

# Error while running ''
hw-detect/modprobe_error

# Choices: Pakistan, India, other
localechooser/shortlist/pa

# Use Control+Alt+Backspace to terminate the X server?
keyboard-configuration/ctrl_alt_bksp

# Choices: China, India, other
localechooser/shortlist/bo

# Language:
# Choices: C${!TAB}-${!TAB}No localization, Albanian${!TAB}-$...
localechooser/languagelist

# Installer components to load:
# Choices: 
anna/choose_modules_lowmem

# for internal use only
debian-installer/language

# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/variantcode

# Choices: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bar...
localechooser/countrylist/Caribbean

# Language selection no longer possible
localechooser/translation/no-select

# Failed to copy file from CD-ROM. Retry?
retriever/cdrom/error

# Choices: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei D...
localechooser/countrylist/Asia

# Write the changes to disk and configure encrypted volumes?
partman-crypto/confirm_nooverwrite

# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/country

# No valid Debian CD-ROM
cdrom-checker/wrongcd

# Choices: Belgium, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Austr...
localechooser/shortlist/de

# for internal use; can be preseeded
anna/standard_modules

# Failed to process the preconfiguration file
preseed/load_error

# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/file/checksum

# Device file for accessing the CD-ROM:
cdrom-detect/cdrom_device

# for internal use; can be preseeded
directfb/hw-accel

# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated

# Continue the installation in the selected language?
localechooser/translation/warn-severe

# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/theme

# Choices: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Fre...
localechooser/countrylist/Oceania

# Are you sure you want to exit now?
di-utils-reboot/really_reboot

# Choices: Brazil, Portugal, other
localechooser/shortlist/pt_BR

# for internal use only
debconf/frontend

# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/exit/halt

# Choices: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Hondur...
localechooser/countrylist/Central_America

# Keep the current keyboard layout in the configuration file?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_layout

# Compose key:
# Choices: No compose key, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, ...
keyboard-configuration/compose

# Method for temporarily toggling between national and Latin ...
# Choices: No temporary switch, Both Logo keys, Right Alt (Al...
keyboard-configuration/switch

# Installer components to load:
# Choices: cfdisk-udeb: Manually partition a hard drive (cfdi...
anna/choose_modules

# Integrity test successful
cdrom-checker/passed

# Manually select a CD-ROM module and device?
cdrom-detect/manual_config

# Terminal plugin not available
debian-installer/terminal-plugin-unavailable

# Insert a Debian CD-ROM
cdrom-checker/askmount

# Additional locales:
# Choices: aa_DJ.UTF-8, aa_DJ, aa_ER, aa_ER@saaho, aa_ET, af_...
localechooser/supported-locales

# for internal use only
cdrom-detect/usb-hdd

# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/late_command

# Failed to run preseeded command
preseed/command_failed

# Modules to load:
# Choices: 
hw-detect/select_modules

# Keyboard model:
# Choices: 
keyboard-configuration/model

# Continue the installation in the selected language?
localechooser/translation/warn-light

# Choices: Aruba, Belgium, Netherlands, other
localechooser/shortlist/nl

# for internal use only
cdrom/codename

# Choices: British Indian Ocean Territory, Christmas Island, ...
localechooser/countrylist/Indian_Ocean

# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/boot_command

# Web server started
save-logs/httpd_running

# System locale:
# Choices: 
debian-installer/locale

# Choices: Macedonia\, Republic of, Albania, other
localechooser/shortlist/sq

# Country of origin for the keyboard:
# Choices: 
keyboard-configuration/layout

# Keymap to use:
# Choices: American English, Albanian, Arabic, Asturian, Bang...
keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap

# Keyboard layout:
# Choices: English (US), English (US) - Cherokee, English (US...
keyboard-configuration/variant

# Keep default keyboard options ()?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_options

# Use Control+Alt+Backspace to terminate the X server?
keyboard-configuration/ctrl_alt_bksp

# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/variantcode

# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/optionscode

# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/modelcode

# Keep current keyboard options in the configuration file?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_options

# Keep the current keyboard layout in the configuration file?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_layout

# Method for toggling between national and Latin mode:
# Choices: Caps Lock, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, Right...
keyboard-configuration/toggle

# Compose key:
# Choices: No compose key, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, ...
keyboard-configuration/compose

# Method for temporarily toggling between national and Latin ...
# Choices: No temporary switch, Both Logo keys, Right Alt (Al...
keyboard-configuration/switch

# Key to function as AltGr:
# Choices: The default for the keyboard layout, No AltGr key,...
keyboard-configuration/altgr

# Keep default keyboard layout ()?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_layout

# Keyboard model:
# Choices: A4Tech KB-21, A4Tech KBS-8, A4Tech Wireless Deskto...
keyboard-configuration/model

# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/layoutcode

# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/store_defaults_in_debconf_db

Answers:


4

简短答案

专门用于DIDebian Wiki页面上

不要处理由debconf-get-selections(--installer)生成的preseed.cfg,而是从中获取值并使用它们修改示例preseed文件。

Debian提供的预置示例文件应该足以启动,但是您可以在同一Wiki页面上找到许多由不同人员出于不同目的提供的其他预置文件。

简短答案少

在您发布的debconf问题列表中,不应该对每个带有“供内部使用”注释且不带“可以预填充”的问题进行预填充。

但是,很多其他debconf问题可能不会预先预置文件,例如与硬件相关的问题(如果要在其他硬件上运行安装),记录自动配置失败或成功的问题(可以在某些特殊情况下可以预先设置,但是自动过程可以毫无问题地解决)。

debconf-get-selections的输出包含许多自动回答的问题,这些问题是大多数人从未见过且不会(应该)不在乎的。随着新硬件,软件,更好的检测或新的可能性,这种自动选择随着时间而改变。重要的是要尽量减少自动配置的使用,以便从debian-installer的所有改进中受益,并能够将随时间推移以及不同硬件对所需文件的更改保持在最低限度。

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