sed-用文件内容替换字符串

我有两个文件：file1和file2。

file1 具有以下内容：

---
  host: "localhost"
  port: 3000
  reporter_type: "zookeeper"
  zk_hosts: 
    - "localhost:2181"

file2包含IP地址（1.1.1.1）

我想做的是替换localhost为1.1.1.1，这样最终结果是：

---
  host: "1.1.1.1"
  port: 3000
  reporter_type: "zookeeper"
  zk_hosts: 
    - "1.1.1.1:2181"

我试过了：

sed -i -e "/localhost/r file2" -e "/localhost/d" file1
sed '/localhost/r file2' file1 |sed '/localhost/d'
sed -e '/localhost/r file2' -e "s///" file1

但是我要么更换了整条线，要么将IP移到了我需要修改的那条线之后。

这是一个sed解决方案：

% sed -e "s/localhost/$(sed 's:/:\\/:g' file2)/" file1
---
  host: "1.1.1.1"
  port: 3000
  reporter_type: "zookeeper"
  zk_hosts: 
    - "1.1.1.1:2181"

您应该sed -i用来进行更改。

如果可以使用awk，这是一种方法：

% awk 'BEGIN{getline l < "file2"}/localhost/{gsub("localhost",l)}1' file1
---
  host: "1.1.1.1"
  port: 3000
  reporter_type: "zookeeper"
  zk_hosts: 
    - "1.1.1.1:2181"

您可以在使用之前使用shell命令替换来读取带有替换字符串的文件sed。因此，sed将仅看到正常替换：

sed "s/localhost/$(cat file2)/" file1 > changed.txt

尝试使用

join file1 file2

然后，删除所有不需要的字段。

我今天也遇到了这个“问题”：如何用另一个文件中的内容替换文本块。

我已经通过创建bash函数（可以在脚本中重用）解决了它。

[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$ cat the_function.sh
# This function reads text from stdin, and substitutes a *BLOCK* with the contents from a FILE, and outputs to stdout
# The BLOCK is indicated with BLOCK_StartRegexp and BLOCK_EndRegexp
#
# Usage:
#    seq 100 110 | substitute_BLOCK_with_FILEcontents '^102' '^104' /tmp/FileWithContents > /tmp/result.txt
function substitute_BLOCK_with_FILEcontents {
  local BLOCK_StartRegexp="${1}"
  local BLOCK_EndRegexp="${2}"
  local FILE="${3}"
  sed -e "/${BLOCK_EndRegexp}/a ___tmpMark___" -e "/${BLOCK_StartRegexp}/,/${BLOCK_EndRegexp}/d" | sed -e "/___tmpMark___/r ${FILE}" -e '/___tmpMark___/d'
}

[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$ cat /tmp/FileWithContents
We have deleted everyhing between lines 102 and 104 and
replaced with this text, which was read from a file
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$ source the_function.sh
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$ seq 100 110 | substitute_BLOCK_with_FILEcontents '^102' '^104' /tmp/FileWithContents > /tmp/result.txt
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$ cat /tmp/result.txt
100
101
We have deleted everyhing between lines 102 and 104 and
replaced with this text, which was read from a file
105
106
107
108
109
110