“ date -d”命令在Docker Alpine Linux容器上失败


9

我使用以下Dockerfile 在Docker容器中构建了Alpine Linux

FROM alpine:3.2
RUN apk add --update jq curl && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*

构建成功运行:

$ docker build -t collector .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Sending build context to Docker daemon 
Step 0 : FROM alpine:3.2
3.2: Pulling from alpine
8697b6cc1f48: Already exists 
alpine:3.2: The image you are pulling has been verified. Important: image verification is a tech preview feature and should not be relied on to provide security.
Digest: sha256:eb84cc74347e4d7c484d566dec8a5eef82bab1b78308b92cda559bcff29c27cc
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:3.2
 ---> 8697b6cc1f48
Step 1 : RUN apk add --update jq curl && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
 ---> Running in 888571296e79
fetch http://dl-4.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.2/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
(1/11) Installing run-parts (4.4-r0)
(2/11) Installing openssl (1.0.2a-r1)
(3/11) Installing lua5.2-libs (5.2.4-r0)
(4/11) Installing lua5.2 (5.2.4-r0)
(5/11) Installing ncurses-terminfo-base (5.9-r3)
(6/11) Installing ncurses-widec-libs (5.9-r3)
(7/11) Installing lua5.2-posix (33.3.1-r2)
(8/11) Installing ca-certificates (20141019-r2)
(9/11) Installing libssh2 (1.5.0-r0)
(10/11) Installing curl (7.42.1-r0)
(11/11) Installing jq (1.4-r0)
Executing busybox-1.23.2-r0.trigger
Executing ca-certificates-20141019-r2.trigger
OK: 9 MiB in 26 packages
 ---> 7625779b773d
Removing intermediate container 888571296e79
Successfully built 7625779b773d

无论如何,当我运行date -d它失败:

$ docker run -i -t collector sh
/ # date -d yesterday
date: invalid date 'yesterday'
/ # date -d now
date: invalid date 'now'
/ # date -d next-month
date: invalid date 'next-month'

而其余选项似乎运行正常:

/ # date 
Sat May 30 18:57:24 UTC 2015
/ # date +"%A"
Saturday
/ # date +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"
2015-05-30T19:00:38Z

不要指望date带有“现在”,“昨天”等参考日期或其他非标准扩展名的命令。
贾尼斯

Answers:


26

date的BusyBox / Alpine版本不支持-d选项,即使该帮助在Ubuntu版本以及其他发行版本中完全相同。

同样,“容器化”在这里不会丢失任何内容。

要使用-d选项,您只需添加coreutils软件包:

$ cat Dockerfile.alpine-coreutils
FROM alpine:3.2
RUN apk add --update coreutils && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*


$ docker build -t alpine-coreutils - <  Dockerfile.alpine-coreutils
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Sending build context to Docker daemon 
Step 0 : FROM alpine:3.2
3.2: Pulling from alpine
8697b6cc1f48: Already exists 
alpine:3.2: The image you are pulling has been verified. Important: image verification is a tech preview feature and should not be relied on to provide security.
Digest: sha256:eb84cc74347e4d7c484d566dec8a5eef82bab1b78308b92cda559bcff29c27cc
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:3.2
 ---> 8697b6cc1f48
Step 1 : RUN apk add --update coreutils && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
 ---> Running in 694fa5cb271c
fetch http://dl-4.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.2/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
(1/3) Installing libattr (2.4.47-r3)
(2/3) Installing libacl (2.2.52-r2)
(3/3) Installing coreutils (8.23-r0)
Executing busybox-1.23.2-r0.trigger
OK: 12 MiB in 18 packages
 ---> a7d9116a00ee
Removing intermediate container 694fa5cb271c
Successfully built a7d9116a00ee


$ docker run -i -t alpine-coreutils sh
/ # date -d last-week
Sun May 24 09:19:34 UTC 2015
/ # date -d yesterday 
Sat May 30 09:19:46 UTC 2015
/ # date 
Sun May 31 09:19:50 UTC 2015

图像大小将增加一倍,但达到11.47 MB​​,与Debian标准相比,要小得多:

$ docker images
REPOSITORY                 TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
alpine-coreutils           latest              a7d9116a00ee        2 minutes ago       11.47 MB
alpine                     3.2                 8697b6cc1f48        2 days ago          5.242 MB
debian                     latest              df2a0347c9d0        11 days ago         125.2 MB

感谢Andy Shinn:https : //github.com/gliderlabs/docker-alpine/issues/40#issuecomment-107122371

对于克里斯托弗·霍雷尔(Christopher Horrell):https : //github.com/docker-library/official-images/issues/771#issuecomment-107101595


1

我想date您可以在该容器中运行的不是Linux主机上通常可用的GNU coreutils日期,而是Busybox小程序之一。尝试从他们两个人那里获得帮助消息。

# date --help
BusyBox v1.22.1 (Ubuntu 1:1.22.0-9ubuntu1) multi-call binary.

Usage: date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME]

Display time (using +FMT), or set time

    [-s,--set] TIME Set time to TIME
    -u,--utc    Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
    -R,--rfc-2822   Output RFC-2822 compliant date string
    -I[SPEC]    Output ISO-8601 compliant date string
            SPEC='date' (default) for date only,
            'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and
            time to the indicated precision
    -r,--reference FILE Display last modification time of FILE
    -d,--date TIME  Display TIME, not 'now'
    -D FMT      Use FMT for -d TIME conversion

Recognized TIME formats:
    hh:mm[:ss]
    [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
    YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
    [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]
    'date TIME' form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] instead

BusyBox的提供了许多小程序对POSIX单嘎吱嘎吱二进制标准的命令,但他们大多已经非常有限的功能,以换取其保存的大小(比较输出find --help或者tar --help在这两个环境为例)。经常发生这样的情况:在BusyBox的容器/目标环境中,在开发/主机环境中成功运行的脚本根本无法工作。


1

busybox date支持-D它(如选择zshstrftime,但违背了GNU date)为您提供了一个界面strptime(),在这里您可以解析日期(虽然不是相对日期)以任何格式(AST开dateksh93printf也有办法自定义输入格式)。

busybox针对C库实现构建了where ,该实现的strptime()strftime()支持非标准%s标志,您可以执行以下操作:

date -D %s -d "$(($(date +%s) - 86400))"

但是,高山Linux使用的musl C库strftime()支持%sstrptime()不支持。没关系,但是由于busybox之类的功能date(例如GNU date支持@epochtime日期规范),因此您可以执行以下操作:

date -d "@$(($(date +%s) - 86400))"

它会给你的日期86400秒前,没有GNU的模糊性dateyesterday(是86400年前,或者是昨天在一天的同一时间?如果还有昨天是一天中没有这样的时间,因为时钟改变DST?)。

该语法也应与GNU一起使用date

使用ast-open date(或ksh93 printf '%(%c)T'),您可以使用:

date -d "#$(($(date +%s) - 86400))"

代替。

请注意,如果要报告UTC(Zulu)时间,则应使用TZ=UTC0 datedate -u,否则,您将获得系统/用户时区中的时间。

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