检查是否所有列出的软件包都安装在bash中

我的二进制文件取决于这些boost库和相应的软件包：

NAME                                  |          PACKAGE:
--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
libboost_serialization.so.1.55.0      |  libboost-serialization1.55.0
libboost_thread.so.1.55.0             |  ibboost-thread1.55.0
libboost_date_time.so.1.55.0          |  libboost-date-time1.55.0
libboost_signals.so.1.55.0            |  libboost-signals1.55.0

因此，我想定义一个软件包列表：

boostlibnames="libboost-serialization1.55.0 libboost-thread1.55.0 libboost-date-time1.55.0 libboost-signals1.55.0"

现在，我想检查一下它们是否都已安装，然后才实际运行apt-get install。我知道apt会自动检查软件包是否已安装，但是我想在提示用户时先提示他是否要安装缺少的库。

那么，有没有一种很好的方法来检查是否已安装所有列出的库（具有上述变量）？

该dpkg -s命令返回已安装软件包的状态。例如，在我的系统上，如果我运行firefox已安装和nedit未安装的系统，则会得到：

$ dpkg -s firefox
Package: firefox
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: web
Installed-Size: 94341
Maintainer: Clement Lefebvre <root@linuxmint.com>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 41.0~linuxmint1+betsy
Replaces: firefox-l10n-af, firefox-l10n-ar, firefox-l10n-be, firefox-l10n-bg, firefox-l10n-bn-bd, firefox-l10n-ca, firefox-l10n-cs, firefox-l10n-da, firefox-l10n-de, firefox-l10n-el, firefox-l10n-en-gb, firefox-l10n-en-us, firefox-l10n-eo, firefox-l10n-es, firefox-l10n-et, firefox-l10n-eu, firefox-l10n-fa, firefox-l10n-fi, firefox-l10n-fr, firefox-l10n-fy, firefox-l10n-gl, firefox-l10n-gu, firefox-l10n-he, firefox-l10n-hi, firefox-l10n-hr, firefox-l10n-hu, firefox-l10n-id, firefox-l10n-is, firefox-l10n-it, firefox-l10n-ja, firefox-l10n-kn, firefox-l10n-ko, firefox-l10n-lt, firefox-l10n-lv, firefox-l10n-nb, firefox-l10n-nl, firefox-l10n-nn, firefox-l10n-pl, firefox-l10n-pt, firefox-l10n-pt-br, firefox-l10n-ro, firefox-l10n-ru, firefox-l10n-sk, firefox-l10n-sl, firefox-l10n-sq, firefox-l10n-sr, firefox-l10n-sv, firefox-l10n-th, firefox-l10n-tr, firefox-l10n-uk, firefox-l10n-zh
Provides: gnome-www-browser, www-browser
Breaks: firefox-l10n-en-us
Description: The Firefox web browser
 The Mozilla Firefox Web Browser.

$ dpkg -s nedit
dpkg-query: package 'nedit' is not installed and no information is available
Use dpkg --info (= dpkg-deb --info) to examine archive files,
and dpkg --contents (= dpkg-deb --contents) to list their contents.

因此，您可以使用该命令来检查是否已安装软件包：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

run_install()
{
    ## Prompt the user 
    read -p "Do you want to install missing libraries? [Y/n]: " answer
    ## Set the default value if no answer was given
    answer=${answer:Y}
    ## If the answer matches y or Y, install
    [[ $answer =~ [Yy] ]] && apt-get install ${boostlibnames[@]}
}

boostlibnames=("libboost-serialization1.55.0" "libboost-thread1.55.0"
                "libboost-date-time1.55.0" "libboost-signals1.55.0" "nedit")
## Run the run_install function if sany of the libraries are missing
dpkg -s "${boostlibnames[@]}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || run_install

我今天为CentOS系统执行了此功能。

#!/bin/bash

# List of the packages that should be present
list=("vim-enhanced" "nano" "expect" "dialog" "epel-release" "yum-utils" "bind-utils")

# Check for the existence of the packages in the system and print to file.txt the packages to be installed
check_list=$(rpm -q "${list[@]}" | grep -e "not installed" | awk 'BEGIN { FS = " " } ; { print $2}' > list.txt)

# Check if the list.txt is empty
grep -q '[^[:space:]]' < list.txt
EMPTY_FILE=$?
# If list.txt is empty there's nothing to do
if [[ $EMPTY_FILE -eq 1 ]]; then

echo "Nothing to do"

else

# If list.txt is not empty it installs the packages in list.txt

for PACKAGES in `cat /your/path/list.txt`; do

  yum install -y $PACKAGES

done

fi

好吧，我稍微修改了功能。更快，它不再需要循环。

#!/bin/bash


list=("vim-enhanced" "nano" "expect" "dialog" "epel-release" "yum-utils" "bind-utils")
check_list=$(rpm -q "${list[@]}" | grep -e "not installed" | awk 'BEGIN { FS = " " } ; { printf $2" "}' > /your/path/to/list.txt)
install=$(cat /your/path/to/list.txt)

grep -q '[^[:space:]]' < /your/path/to/list.txt

EMPTY_FILE=$?

if [[ $EMPTY_FILE -eq 1 ]]; then

echo "Nothing to do"

else

yum install -y $install

fi

Debian / Ubuntu对应项：

apt -qq YOUR_LIST_GOES_HERE | grep -v "installed" | awk -F/ '{print $1}' > /your/path/to/list.txt
packages=$(cat /your/path/to/list.txt)
grep -q '[^[:space:]]' < /your/path/to/list.txt
EMPTY_FILE=$?
if [[ $EMPTY_FILE -eq 1 ]]; then
echo "Nothing to do"
else
apt-get  install -y $packages
fi

以下将为您列出所有未安装的相关软件包：

dpkg -l $boostlibnames 2>&1 | awk '{if (/^D|^\||^\+/) {next} else if(/^dpkg-query:/) { print $6} else if(!/^[hi]i/) {print $2}}' 

此跳过dpkg -l的标题行，然后打印出线条的dpkg哪里查询抱怨一个未知的包，行不开头hi或ii（按住研究所或安装研究所）。

通常，我会做类似awk 'NR<=5 {next} ; ...'或sed -e '1,5d'摆脱dpkg -l的标题行的操作，但是在这种情况下，我们会将stderr重定向到stdout，以便捕获投诉dpkg-query以及dpkg -l的输出，因此我们不能简单地删除第一个5行。

这将显示从未安装，未删除，已清除或由于错误导致安装失败/部分完成的软件包。

我在名为Easy Bash的工作中使用以下代码，该代码有助于在Ubuntu服务器上快速安装最受欢迎的软件包。此代码将检查列出的软件包是否已安装。

#!/usr/bin/env bash

packages=("curl" "gnupg2" "ca-certificates" "lsb-release")

for pkg in ${packages[@]}; do

    is_pkg_installed=$(dpkg-query -W --showformat='${Status}\n' ${pkg} | grep "install ok installed")

    if [ "${is_pkg_installed}" == "install ok installed" ]; then
        echo ${pkg} is installed.
    fi
done

结果：

#to check package is installed or not without distribution dependency
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Package Name: " pkg
which $pkg > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? == 0 ]
then
echo "$pkg is already installed. "
else
read -p "$pkg is not installed. Answer yes/no if want installation_ " request
if  [ $request == "yes" ]
then
yum install $pkg
fi
fi