Vim交换文件问题

在一个项目中，我遇到很多这样的错误：

E303: Unable to open swap file for "file", recovery impossible

如果执行ls -la |grep vim，我会看到

-rw-r--r--   1 jeremie jeremie     0 Jan 12 23:58 .ideavimrc
drwxrwxr-x   5 jeremie jeremie  4096 Feb 14 10:00 .vim
-rw-------   1 jeremie jeremie 18887 Feb 16 10:25 .viminfo
-rw-r--r--   1 jeremie jeremie  9084 Feb 16 10:19 .vimrc
-rw-r--r--   1 jeremie jeremie 20480 Jan 18 15:17 .vimrc.swn
-rw-r--r--   1 jeremie jeremie 16384 Jan 15 17:12 .vimrc.swo

是否有丢失的文件？如果是这样，我将如何添加该文件？

我的.vimrc档案：

"ycmd debug for YouCompleteMe
let g:ycm_keep_logfiles = 0
let g:ycm_server_python_interpreter = ''

"Auto-Save
let g:auto_save = 1  

"Seach words in Vim
set mouse=a

"gitgutter
let g:gitgutter_max_signs = 500  " default value
nmap ]h <Plug>GitGutterNextHunk
nmap [h <Plug>GitGutterPrevHunk

"Keybinding Tagbar
nnoremap <F8> :TagbarToggle<CR>

"Automatically displays all buffers when there's only one tab open
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#enabled = 1
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#left_sep = ' '
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#left_alt_sep = '|'

"Populate the g:airline-symbols dictionary with the powerline symbols
let g:airline_powerline_fonts = 1

" Auto-reload the configuration
augroup myvimrchooks
    au!
    autocmd bufwritepost .vimrc source ~/.vimrc
augroup END

:set modifiable

nnoremap <F4> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>

set directory=~/.vim/tmp

autocmd StdinReadPre * let s:std_in=1
autocmd VimEnter * if argc() == 1 && isdirectory(argv()[0]) && !exists("s:std_in") | exe 'NERDTree' argv()[0] | wincmd p | ene | endif


" Ctrl-j/k deletes blank line below/above, and Alt-j/k inserts.
nnoremap <silent><C-j> m`:silent +g/\m^\s*$/d<CR>``:noh<CR>
nnoremap <silent><C-k> m`:silent -g/\m^\s*$/d<CR>``:noh<CR>
nnoremap <silent><A-j> :set paste<CR>m`o<Esc>``:set nopaste<CR>
nnoremap <silent><A-k> :set paste<CR>m`O<Esc>``:set nopaste<CR>

autocmd StdinReadPre * let s:std_in=1
autocmd VimEnter * if argc() == 0 && !exists("s:std_in") | NERDTree | endif

" auto-indent *.py"
autocmd BufRead *.py set smartindent cinwords=if,elif,else,for,while,try,except,finally,def,class 

" auto-remove trailing white spaces in *.py files"
autocmd BufWritePre *.py normal m`:%s/\s\+$//e ``

" compatible.  You want to use Vim, not vi
set nocp

" Put all swap files in ~/.vim/backup/
"set directory=/tmp/
set directory=~/.vim-swap/

" Remove autocommands just in case
autocmd!

" Filetype support
filetype on
filetype plugin on
filetype indent on

" We put syntax highlighting (COLORS!!)
syntax enable
set bg=dark

nnoremap <silent> <C-l> :nohls<CR><C-l>

" Show the command I am typing
set showcmd

" Show line numbers
set number

" Incremental search, higlighting of search results,
" ignore case.
set is
set hls
set ic
set smartcase

" Show matching ()'s []'s {}'s
set sm
" let loaded_matchparen = 1

" Enable folding
set foldmethod=indent
set foldlevel=99

" Enable folding with the spacebar
nnoremap <space> za

" Tabs are 4 spaces long
set tabstop=4
set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set smartindent
set cinoptions+=(0
set et
set smartindent
set cindent

" Long lines wrap at white spaces
set linebreak
set wrap
set textwidth=0

" Don't show the intro text
set shortmess+=I

" No need to save to make a :next :previous, etc.
set hidden

" Backspace over anything
set backspace=indent,eol,start

" No bell sound
set noerrorbells

" Smoother changes
set ttyfast

" cabbr js !js ~/.jslint/runjslint.js "`cat %`" \| ~/.jslint/format.py


" 20 items in history is for fags "
set history=500

" Remap ` to ' "
nnoremap ' `
nnoremap ` '

" Enable extended % matching "
runtime ~/.vim/plugin/matchit.vim

" By default, pressing <TAB> in command mode will choose the first possible completion with no "
" indication of how many others there might be. "

set wildmenu
"Ignore these files when completing names and in Explorer
set wildignore=.svn,CVS,.git,*.swp,*.jpg,*.png,*.xpm,*.gif,*.bmp,*.pdf,*.db

" Make completion behave similarly to a shell "
set wildmode=list:longest

" make /-style searches case-sensitive only if there is a capital letter in the search expression. "
" *-style searches continue to be consistently case-sensitive. "
set ignorecase 
set smartcase

" Set terminal title when vim is run within an xterm "
set title

" Make the scrolling three lines before the border, keeping more context around where you’re working. "
set scrolloff=3

set listchars=tab:>-,trail:·,eol:$
nmap <silent> <leader>s :set nolist!<CR>

" See :help shortmess for the breakdown of what this changes. "
set shortmess=atI

" current directory is always matching the
" content of the active window
set autochdir

" remember some stuff after quiting vim:
" marks, registers, searches, buffer list
set viminfo='20,<50,s10,h,%

" use console dialogs instead of popup
" dialogs for simple choices
set guioptions+=c

" Always show cursor position "
set ruler

if has("autocmd")
  " When editing a file, always jump to the last cursor position "
  autocmd BufReadPost *
  \ if line("'\"") > 0 && line ("'\"") <= line("$") |
  \   exe "normal g'\"" |
  \ endif
endif

" Usually annoys me "
set nowrap

" Make the completion menus readable "
highlight Pmenu ctermfg=0 ctermbg=3
highlight PmenuSel ctermfg=0 ctermbg=7

"if v:version >= 700
"    set cursorline   "highlight current line
"    set cursorcolumn "highlight current column
"endif

if &diff
    "I'm only interested in diff colours
    syntax off
endif

"syntax highlight shell scripts as per POSIX,
"not the original Bourne shell which very few use
let g:is_posix = 1

",n to turn off search highlighting
nmap <silent> <leader>n :silent :nohlsearch<CR>

"allow deleting selection without updating the clipboard (yank buffer)
"vnoremap x "_x
"vnoremap X "_X


" Don't move the cursor after pasting
" (by jumping to back start of previously changed text)
noremap p p`[
noremap P P`[

" <home> toggles between start of line and start of text "
imap <khome> <home>
nmap <khome> <home>
inoremap <silent> <home> <C-O>:call Home()<CR>
nnoremap <silent> <home> :call Home()<CR>
function! Home()
    let curcol = wincol()
    normal ^
    let newcol = wincol()
    if newcol == curcol
        normal 0
    endif
endfunction

" <end> goes to end of screen before end of line "
imap <kend> <end>
nmap <kend> <end>
inoremap <silent> <end> <C-O>:call End()<CR>
nnoremap <silent> <end> :call End()<CR>
function! End()
    let curcol = wincol()
    normal g$
    let newcol = wincol()
    if newcol == curcol
        normal $
    endif
    "The following is to work around issue for insert mode only.
    "normal g$ doesn't go to pos after last char when appropriate.
    "More details and patch here:
    "http://www.pixelbeat.org/patches/vim-7.0023-eol.diff
    if virtcol(".") == virtcol("$") - 1
        normal $
    endif
endfunction

augroup sh
    au!
    "smart indent really only for C like languages
    au FileType sh set nosmartindent autoindent
augroup END

augroup Python
    "See $VIMRUNTIME/ftplugin/python.vim
    au!
    "smart indent really only for C like languages
    "See $VIMRUNTIME/indent/python.vim
    au FileType python set nosmartindent autoindent
    " Allow gf command to open files in $PYTHONPATH
    au FileType python let &path = &path . "," . substitute($PYTHONPATH, ';', ',', 'g')
    if v:version >= 700
        "See $VIMRUNTIME/autoload/pythoncomplete.vim
        "<C-x><C-o> to autocomplete
        au FileType python set omnifunc=pythoncomplete#Complete
        "Don't show docs in preview window
        au FileType python set completeopt-=preview
    endif
augroup END

augroup man
    au!
    "Ensure vim is not recursively invoked (man-db does this)
    "when doing ctrl-[ on a man page reference
    au FileType man let $MANPAGER=""
augroup END

" i prefer this to visualbell
set noerrorbells

" Hide the mouse pointer while typing
set mousehide

" command NERDTree nt
" let NERDTreeIgnore = ['\.pyc$']

" if has("gui_running")
"     set clipboard=unnamed
" endif

" let g:nerdtree_tabs_open_on_gui_startup = 0

" Let's keep pseudo tempfiles out of our configs "
let g:netrw_home=substitute($MYVIMRC, 'rc', 'netrw', 'g')


" Powerline "
set nocompatible   " Disable vi-compatibility
set laststatus=2   " Always show the statusline
set encoding=utf-8 " Necessary to show Unicode glyphs

let g:pymode_rope_autocomplete_map = '<C-L>'

" Fuck, all HTML is Django"
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.html    set filetype=htmldjango
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.sls     set filetype=sls

call plug#begin()
Plug 'valloric/ycmd'
Plug 'valloric/youcompleteme'
Plug 'mileszs/ack.vim'
Plug 'airblade/vim-gitgutter'
Plug 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter'
Plug 'majutsushi/tagbar'
Plug 'simeji/winresizer'
Plug 'bling/vim-airline'
Plug 'micha/vim-colors-solarized'
Plug 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
Plug 'ctrlpvim/ctrlp.vim'
Plug 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
Plug 'sjl/gundo.vim'
Plug 'groenewege/vim-less'
Plug 'tmhedberg/SimpylFold'
Plug 'vim-scripts/indentpython.vim'
Plug 'klen/python-mode'
Plug 'tpope/vim-surround'
Plug 'scrooloose/syntastic'
Plug 'statianzo/vim-jade'
Plug 'bitc/vim-bad-whitespace'
Plug 'gregsexton/MatchTag'
call plug#end()

" python-mode "

let g:pymode_lint_write = 0

" Gundo "
nnoremap <F5> :GundoToggle<CR>
let g:gundo_width = 60
let g:gundo_preview_height = 40
let g:gundo_right = 1

" SimpylFold "
let g:SimpylFold_docstring_preview=1

" Syntax highlighting if appropriate "
if &t_Co > 2 || has("gui_running")
    syntax on
    set hlsearch
    set incsearch "For fast terminals can highlight search string as you type
    let python_highlight_all=1
    syntax on
endif

" MatchTagAlway "
nnoremap <leader>% :MtaJumpToOtherTag<cr>

在您的~/.vimrc文件中

set directory=~/.vim/tmp

然后再往下走

set directory=~/.vim-swap/

这意味着vim它将使用该（第二）目录来存储其交换文件。

如果~/.vim-swap不存在或目录不是可写目录，则将收到您提到的错误。

大多数时候，根本没有理由使用此设置。

在vim手册中，关于此错误（可vim通过查看:help E303）：

Vim无法创建交换文件。您仍然可以编辑文件，但是如果Vim意外退出，更改将丢失。而且，Vim在编辑大文件时可能会占用大量内存。您可能需要更改“目录”选项以避免此错误。请参阅交换文件。

在vimrc文件的开头添加以下内容：

if empty(glob('~/.vim/tmp'))
    silent !mkdir -p ~/.vim/tmp
endif
set directory=$HOME/.vim/tmp

它将检查并创建必要的tmp文件夹