如何为shell脚本引入超时？

我想运行一个包含循环的shell脚本，它可以永远运行，而我不想发生这种情况。因此，我需要为整个脚本引入超时。

如何在SuSE下为整个shell脚本引入超时？

如果timeout无法使用GNU，则可以使用expect（默认情况下，Mac OS X，BSD等通常没有GNU工具和实用程序）。

################################################################################
# Executes command with a timeout
# Params:
#   $1 timeout in seconds
#   $2 command
# Returns 1 if timed out 0 otherwise
timeout() {

    time=$1

    # start the command in a subshell to avoid problem with pipes
    # (spawn accepts one command)
    command="/bin/sh -c \"$2\""

    expect -c "set echo \"-noecho\"; set timeout $time; spawn -noecho $command; expect timeout { exit 1 } eof { exit 0 }"    

    if [ $? = 1 ] ; then
        echo "Timeout after ${time} seconds"
    fi

}

编辑 示例：

timeout 10 "ls ${HOME}"

谢谢你的澄清。

完成任务的最简单方法是像timeout在GNU Coreutils包中的命令一样，在包装器中使用循环运行脚本。

root@coraid-sp:~# timeout --help            
Usage: timeout [OPTION] DURATION COMMAND [ARG]...
   or: timeout [OPTION]
Start COMMAND, and kill it if still running after DURATION.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -k, --kill-after=DURATION
                   also send a KILL signal if COMMAND is still running
                   this long after the initial signal was sent.
  -s, --signal=SIGNAL
                   specify the signal to be sent on timeout.
                   SIGNAL may be a name like 'HUP' or a number.
                   See `kill -l` for a list of signals
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

DURATION is an integer with an optional suffix:
`s' for seconds(the default), `m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days.

If the command times out, then exit with status 124.  Otherwise, exit
with the status of COMMAND.  If no signal is specified, send the TERM
signal upon timeout.  The TERM signal kills any process that does not
block or catch that signal.  For other processes, it may be necessary to
use the KILL (9) signal, since this signal cannot be caught.

Report timeout bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'timeout invocation'

最后，它将比编写自己的超时功能（shell往往没有内置的超时功能）容易得多。

如果脚本运行时间过长，请从脚本内部启动监视程序以杀死其父进程。例：

# watchdog process
mainpid=$$
(sleep 5; kill $mainpid) &
watchdogpid=$!

# rest of script
while :
do
   ...stuff...
done
kill $watchdogpid

五秒钟后，该脚本将被看门狗终止。

cratimeoutMartin Cracauer 也有。

# cf. http://www.cons.org/cracauer/software.html
# usage: cratimeout timeout_in_msec cmd args
cratimeout 5000 sleep 600
cratimeout 5000 tail -f /dev/null
cratimeout 5000 sh -c 'while sleep 1; do date; done'

#!/bin/sh

# Execute a command with a timeout

if [ "$#" -lt "2" ]; then
echo "Usage:   `basename $0` timeout_in_seconds command" >&2
echo "Example: `basename $0` 2 sleep 3 || echo timeout" >&2
exit 1
fi

cleanup()
{
trap - ALRM               #reset handler to default
kill -ALRM $a 2>/dev/null #stop timer subshell if running
kill $! 2>/dev/null &&    #kill last job
  exit 124                #exit with 124 if it was running
}

watchit()
{
trap "cleanup" ALRM
sleep $1& wait
kill -ALRM $$
}

watchit $1& a=$!         #start the timeout
shift                    #first param was timeout for sleep
trap "cleanup" ALRM INT  #cleanup after timeout
"$@"& wait $!; RET=$?    #start the job wait for it and save its return value
kill -ALRM $a            #send ALRM signal to watchit
wait $a                  #wait for watchit to finish cleanup
exit $RET                #return the value