Answers:
尝试运行命令fdisk -l <img file>
。通常,如果.img
文件是KVM VM中的整个磁盘,那么从技术上讲它们是虚拟磁盘。
我有一个CentOS KVM VM,它的显示如下file
:
$ file centostest.img
centostest.img: x86 boot sector; partition 1: ID=0x83, active, starthead 1, startsector 63, 208782 sectors; partition 2: ID=0x8e, starthead 0, startsector 208845, 20755980 sectors, code offset 0x48
运行fdisk
它:
$ sudo /sbin/fdisk -lu /kvm/centostest.img
last_lba(): I don't know how to handle files with mode 81ed
You must set cylinders.
You can do this from the extra functions menu.
Disk /kvm/centostest.img: 0 MB, 0 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 0 cylinders, total 0 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/kvm/centostest.img1 * 63 208844 104391 83 Linux
/kvm/centostest.img2 208845 20964824 10377990 8e Linux LVM
Partition 2 has different physical/logical endings:
phys=(1023, 254, 63) logical=(1304, 254, 63)
如果您想挂载这些分区之一,可以按照以下步骤进行:
fdisk(气缸输出)因此,mount命令将是:
气缸中$ mount -o loop,offset=32256 centostest.img /mnt/tmp
要挂载另一个分区(512 * 208845 = 106928640):
$ mount -o loop,offset=106928640 centostest.img /mnt/tmp
在部门
$ mount -o loop,offset=512 centostest.img /mnt/tmp
要挂载另一个分区(512 * 14 = 7168):
$ mount -o loop,offset=7168 centostest.img /mnt/tmp
仅当mount可以确定您要挂载的“分区”中的文件系统类型时,这才起作用。您可能需要包括-t auto
,或者要具体说明mount
,-t ext4
例如。
# fdisk -l gmapsupp.img Disk gmapsupp.img: 0 MB, 0 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 0 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System gmapsupp.img1 1 9 65536 0 Empty Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings: phys=(1023, 15, 8) logical=(8, 40, 32) Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
-t auto
可以识别分区的类型。您只需要尝试其他人,看看有什么用。
W95 FAT16 (LBA)
-t vfat
无法挂载我的第一个分区。
使用parted
来识别偏移值。
root@mysystem:~/# parted myimage.img
GNU Parted 2.3
Using /root/myimage.img
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) u
Unit? [compact]? B
(parted) print
Model: (file)
Disk /root/myimage.img: 8589934592B
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32256B 254983679B 254951424B primary ext3 boot
2 254983680B 1274918399B 1019934720B primary linux-swap(v1)
3 1274918400B 3323013119B 2048094720B primary ext3
4 3323013120B 8587192319B 5264179200B primary ext3
(parted)
现在,您有了偏移值,可以使用它们来挂载文件系统。
# mount -o loop,offset=32256 myimage.img /mnt/disk1
# mount -o loop,offset=1274918400 myimage.img /mnt/disk2
# mount -o loop,offset=3323013120 myimage.img /mnt/disk3
看起来@slm的数学有些奇怪,或者至少与fdisk -l
输出不匹配。从修订版来看,将u
参数添加到fdisk 似乎是从柱面更改为扇区?Dunno,但它对我没有任何帮助,因为默认值应该是扇区。
在我的图片上:
$ fdisk -l bone-debian-7.5-2015-01-14-beaglebone.img
Disk bone-debian-7.5-2015-01-14-beaglebone.img: 3.7 GiB, 3965190144 bytes, 7744512 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
bone-debian-7.5-2015-01-14-beaglebone.img1 * 2048 198655 98304 e W95 FAT16 (LBA)
bone-debian-7.5-2015-01-14-beaglebone.img2 198656 3481599 1641472 83 Linux
$ sudo mount -t vfat -o loop,offset=1048576,ro bone-debian-7.5-2015-01-14-beaglebone.img /mnt
哪里
offset = Block size from 'Units' x Fdisk 'Start' column
在我的示例中,fdisk表示从2048 * 512块大小= 1048576开始。
该file
命令的现代版本以比fdisk或parted更方便的方式报告startsector:
file $img
Armbian_jw.img: DOS/MBR boot sector; partition 1 : ID=0x83, start-CHS (0x40,0,1), end-CHS (0x3ff,3,32), startsector 8192, 2883584 sectors
这个单线输出可以像这样编写脚本:
startsector=$(file $img | sed -n -e 's/.* startsector *\([0-9]*\),.*/\1/p')
offset=$(expr $startsector '*' 512)
echo $offset
4194304
sudo mount -o loop,offset=$offset $img /mnt
losetup -P
自动化
以下脚本自动安装映像的所有分区。
用法:
$ los my.img
/dev/loop0
/mnt/loop0p1
/mnt/loop0p2
$ ls /mnt/loop0p1
/whatever
/files
/youhave
/there
$ sudo losetup -l
NAME SIZELIMIT OFFSET AUTOCLEAR RO BACK-FILE DIO
/dev/loop1 0 0 0 0 /full/path/to/my.img
$ # Cleanup.
$ losd 0
$ ls /mnt/loop0p1
$ ls /dev | grep loop0
loop0
资源:
los() (
img="$1"
dev="$(sudo losetup --show -f -P "$img")"
echo "$dev"
for part in "$dev"?*; do
if [ "$part" = "${dev}p*" ]; then
part="${dev}"
fi
dst="/mnt/$(basename "$part")"
echo "$dst"
sudo mkdir -p "$dst"
sudo mount "$part" "$dst"
done
)
losd() (
dev="/dev/loop$1"
for part in "$dev"?*; do
if [ "$part" = "${dev}p*" ]; then
part="${dev}"
fi
dst="/mnt/$(basename "$part")"
sudo umount "$dst"
done
sudo losetup -d "$dev"
)
在Ubuntu 16.04中测试。
# mount -t auto -o ro,loop,offset=512 gmapsupp.img /mnt/iso/
\mount: you must specify the filesystem type