在get_posts（）中为meta_query参数设置别名

有没有办法在运行meta时在meta_query参数上设置别名get_posts()？我的查询之一表现不佳。为了进行优化，我只需要能够重用相同的联接表，而不是只需要一个表就联接3个表。

我目前的例子

$args = array(
    'meta_query' => array(
        'relation' => 'AND',
        array(
            'key' => 'abc_type',
            'value' => array('puppy', 'kitten'),
            'compare' => 'IN',
        ),
        array(
            'relation' => 'OR',
            array(
                'relation' => 'AND',
                array(
                    'key' => 'abc_type',
                    'value' => 'puppy',
                    'compare' => '=',
                ),
                array(
                    'key' => 'abc_color',
                    'value' => 'pink',
                    'compare' => '=',
                ),
            ),
            array(
                'relation' => 'AND',
                array(
                    'key' => 'abc_type',
                    'value' => 'kitten',
                    'compare' => '=',
                ),
                array(
                    'key' => 'abc_size',
                    'value' => 'large',
                    'compare' => '=',
                ),
            ),
        ),
    )
);
get_posts($args);

基本上可以直接用SQL转换成这个...

SELECT posts.* FROM posts
INNER JOIN postmeta ON ( posts.ID = postmeta.post_id )
INNER JOIN postmeta AS mt1 ON ( posts.ID = mt1.post_id )
INNER JOIN postmeta AS mt2 ON ( posts.ID = mt2.post_id )
INNER JOIN postmeta AS mt3 ON ( posts.ID = mt3.post_id )
WHERE 1=1
AND
( 
  ( postmeta.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND postmeta.meta_value IN ('puppy','kitten') ) 
  AND 
  ( 
    ( 
      ( mt1.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND mt1.meta_value = 'puppy' ) 
      AND 
      ( mt2.meta_key = 'abc_color' AND mt2.meta_value > 'pink' )
    ) 
    OR 
    ( 
      ( mt3.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND mt3.meta_value = 'kitten' )
      AND
      ( mt4.meta_key = 'abc_size' AND mt4.meta_value = 'large' )
    )
  )
) AND posts.post_type = 'abc_mypost' AND ((posts.post_status = 'publish'))
GROUP BY posts.ID ORDER BY posts.post_title ASC;

但是，这将为自定义元字段添加2个额外的联接，因此abc_type这种性能受到了很大的冲击。有没有办法能够为多个meta_query参数引用相同的别名？基本上，mt1而且mt3完全没有必要，我应该只能引用与first postmeta一起使用的第一个表( postmeta.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND postmeta.meta_value IN ('puppy','kitten') )。或者至少如果我可以在每个别名上设置自定义别名，则可以引用该别名。

更好的查询将是...

SELECT posts.* FROM posts
INNER JOIN postmeta ON ( posts.ID = postmeta.post_id )
INNER JOIN postmeta AS mt1 ON ( posts.ID = mt1.post_id )
INNER JOIN postmeta AS mt2 ON ( posts.ID = mt2.post_id )
WHERE 1=1
AND
( 
  ( postmeta.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND postmeta.meta_value IN ('puppy','kitten') ) 
  AND 
  ( 
    ( 
      ( postmeta.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND postmeta.meta_value = 'puppy' ) 
      AND 
      ( mt1.meta_key = 'abc_color' AND mt1.meta_value > 'pink' )
    ) 
    OR 
    ( 
      ( postmeta.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND postmeta.meta_value = 'kitten' )
      AND
      ( mt2.meta_key = 'abc_color' AND mt2.meta_value = 'green' )
    )
  )
) AND posts.post_type = 'abc_mypost' AND ((posts.post_status = 'publish'))
GROUP BY posts.ID ORDER BY posts.post_title ASC;

有什么想法吗？

看一下中meta_query_find_compatible_table_alias定义的过滤器wp-includes/class-wp-meta-query.php。该过滤器的文档：

/**
 * Filters the table alias identified as compatible with the current clause.
 *
 * @since 4.1.0
 *
 * @param string|bool $alias        Table alias, or false if none was found.
 * @param array       $clause       First-order query clause.
 * @param array       $parent_query Parent of $clause.
 * @param object      $this         WP_Meta_Query object.
 */
return apply_filters( 'meta_query_find_compatible_table_alias', $alias, $clause, $parent_query, $this );

调用函数可能find_compatible_table_alias返回false，因此查询创建了mt*别名。这里是使用此过滤器的一些示例代码，尽管我个人会主张一些更容易理解的东西。像这样修改查询可能会导致大量的头痛事，而且在查询变得混乱的地方可能根本看不出来，尤其是在将来引入其他开发人员的情况下。那个...

// Reuse the same alias for the abc_type meta key.
function pets_modify_meta_query( $alias, $meta_query ) {
    if ( 'abc_type' === $meta_query['key'] ) {
        return 'mt1';
    }

    return $alias;
}

// Filter the query.
add_filter( 'meta_query_find_compatible_table_alias', 'pets_modify_meta_query', 10, 2 );

$args = array(
    'meta_query' => array(
        'relation' => 'AND',
        array(
            'key' => 'abc_type',
            'value' => array('puppy', 'kitten'),
            'compare' => 'IN',
        ),
        array(
            'relation' => 'OR',
            array(
                'relation' => 'AND',
                array(
                    'key' => 'abc_type',
                    'value' => 'puppy',
                    'compare' => '=',
                ),
                array(
                    'key' => 'abc_color',
                    'value' => 'pink',
                    'compare' => '=',
                ),
            ),
            array(
                'relation' => 'AND',
                array(
                    'key' => 'abc_type',
                    'value' => 'kitten',
                    'compare' => '=',
                ),
                array(
                    'key' => 'abc_size',
                    'value' => 'large',
                    'compare' => '=',
                ),
            ),
        ),
    )
);

$q = new WP_Query($args);
echo '<pre>', print_r($q->request, true); die;

这导致查询如下

SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS
    wp_posts.ID
FROM wp_posts
INNER JOIN wp_postmeta ON ( wp_posts.ID = wp_postmeta.post_id )
INNER JOIN wp_postmeta AS mt1 ON ( wp_posts.ID = mt1.post_id )
WHERE
    1=1
AND
(
    ( mt1.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND mt1.meta_value IN ('puppy','kitten') )
    AND
    (
        (
            ( mt1.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND mt1.meta_value = 'puppy' )
            AND
            ( wp_postmeta.meta_key = 'abc_color' AND wp_postmeta.meta_value = 'pink' )
        )
        OR
        (
            ( mt1.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND mt1.meta_value = 'kitten' )
            AND
            ( mt1.meta_key = 'abc_size' AND mt1.meta_value = 'large' )
        )
    )
)
AND
    wp_posts.post_type = 'post'
AND (
    wp_posts.post_status = 'publish'
    OR
    wp_posts.post_status = 'future'
    OR
    wp_posts.post_status = 'draft'
    OR wp_posts.post_status = 'pending'
)
GROUP BY wp_posts.ID ORDER BY wp_posts.post_date DESC LIMIT 0, 10

您可以使用posts_where和posts_join过滤器来修改查询。它不是很优雅，但是您应该可以将这两个过滤器弄混，以使您的sql更加优化。这有点蛮力，但在WP_Query类中我看不到更好的方法。那不是说没有。

//* Make sure to not suppress filters
$args = array(
  'suppress_filters' => false,
  //* rest of args unchanged
);

add_filter( 'posts_where', function( $sql ) {
  $sql = str_replace(
    "( mt1.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND mt1.meta_value = 'puppy' )",
    "( postmeta.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND postmeta.meta_value = 'puppy' )",
    $sql
  );

  $sql = str_replace(
    "( mt3.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND mt3.meta_value = 'kitten' )",
    "( postmeta.meta_key = 'abc_type' AND postmeta.meta_value = 'kitten' )",
    $sql
  );

  $sql = str_replace( [ 'mt2', 'mt4' ], [ 'mt1', 'mt2' ], $sql );
  return $sql;
});

add_filter( 'posts_join', function( $sql ) {
  $sql = str_replace(
    " INNER JOIN wp_postmeta AS mt4 ON ( wp_posts.ID = mt4.post_id )",
    "",
    $sql
  );
  $sql = str_replace(
    " INNER JOIN wp_postmeta AS mt3 ON ( wp_posts.ID = mt3.post_id )",
    "",
    $sql
  );
  return $sql;
});

可能应该在其中进行一些检查，以免您不小心修改了其他查询。留给读者练习。

您可以通过删除第一个元查询来优化查询，因为它是多余的，如下所示：

$args = array(
    'meta_query' => array(
        'relation' => 'OR',
        array(
            'relation' => 'AND',
            array(
                'key' => 'abc_type',
                'value' => 'puppy',
                'compare' => '=',
            ),
            array(
                'key' => 'abc_color',
                'value' => 'pink',
                'compare' => '=',
            ),
        ),
        array(
            'relation' => 'AND',
            array(
                'key' => 'abc_type',
                'value' => 'kitten',
                'compare' => '=',
            ),
            array(
                'key' => 'abc_size',
                'value' => 'large',
                'compare' => '=',
            ),
        ),
    ),
);
get_posts($args);

我相信，按照这种方式，您只会得到pink puppy或之一large kitten。

至于优化WordPress的内部MySQL查询，我相信您应该避免这样做，因为这样会使您面临可能的副作用。您最好依靠缓存查询的事实，并在（较大的）数据集上进行更多的PHP处理。我认为，这将带来整体上更好的性能，因为瓶颈不是您从数据库中提取的数据量，而是收集困难（查询数量）。PHP就像通过数组一样快。

因此，考虑到帖子元被缓存，我相信这样的情况会更快：

$args = array(
    'meta_query' => array( 
        array(
            'key' => 'abc_type',
            'value' => array('puppy', 'kitten'),
            'compare' => 'IN',
        ),
    ),
);

$final_posts = array();
foreach( $get_posts($args) as $post ) {
    if ( 'puppy' === get_post_meta( $post->ID, 'abc_type', true ) ) {
        if ( 'pink' === get_post_meta( $post->ID, 'abc_color', true ) ) {
            $final_posts[] = $post;
        }
    } else {
        // This is definitely a kitten
        if ( 'large' === get_post_meta( $post->ID, 'abc_size', true ) ) {
            $final_posts[] = $post;
        }
    }
}

我不是一个真正的数据库专家，但是我曾经在电视上播放过一次。

这部分不是

SELECT posts.* FROM posts
INNER JOIN postmeta ON ( posts.ID = postmeta.post_id )
INNER JOIN postmeta AS mt1 ON ( posts.ID = mt1.post_id )
INNER JOIN postmeta AS mt2 ON ( posts.ID = mt2.post_id )

最好用

SELECT posts.* FROM posts
INNER JOIN postmeta ON (( posts.ID = postmeta.post_id ) and 
( posts.ID = mt1.post_id ) and
( posts.ID = mt2.post_id ))

也许可以进一步简化..在适当的位置插入一些别名，以便您可以使用其余的查询。

只是一个想法...