在短代码中使用AJAX

我对短代码有以下代码以显示随机报价。问题：如何使按钮显示新的随机报价？我的意思是，这将按下按钮并为您显示新的报价（当然，无需刷新页面）。

function random_quote() {

    // quotes file
     $array = file("/path to txt file");

    // generate a random number between 0 and the total count of $array minus 1
    // we minus 1 from the total quotes because array indices start at 0 rather than 1 by default
    $r = rand(0,count($array)-1);

    // return the quote in the array with an indices of $r - our random number
    return $array[rand(0,count($array)-1)];
}

add_shortcode( 'randomquotes', 'random_quote');

我对如何在WordPress中使用Ajax更新页面上的内容感兴趣？以我的情况，因为实际上就是那样。

对不起，我的英语不好。我希望你能理解我。谢谢！

首先，这完全是WPSE范围内的边界。
除了触发原始HTML输出的短代码之外，这实际上只是AJAX。

话虽如此，这就是它的完成方式：

的PHP

假设您提供的上述PHP代码段正常运行，请将以下内容放在ajax调用的php文件中：

/wp-content/themes/%your_theme%/js/ajax-load-quote.php

 <?php
 /* uncomment the below, if you want to use native WP functions in this file */
// require_once('../../../../wp-load.php');

 $array = file( $_POST['file_path'] ); // file path in $_POST, as from the js
 $r = rand( 0, count($array) - 1 );

 return '<p>' . $array[$r] . '</p>';
 ?>

供将来参考，以使该答案对其他人有用：请注意，wp-load.php必须包括该内容才能利用本机WordPress功能。最常见的情况可能是需求WP_Query或需求$wpdb。

HTML结构

在页面内容，窗口小部件或模板文件中：

<div id="randomquotes">
    <p>I would rather have my ignorance than another man’s knowledge,
       because I have so much more of it.<br />
       -- Mark Twain, American author & Playwright</p>
</div>
<a id="newquote" class="button" href="#" title="Gimme a new one!">New Quote</a>

您显然可以根据自己的喜好进行调整，但是出于本示例的目的，这就是我们要做的。
稍后我们将通过简码生成以上内容。

jQuery的

/wp-content/themes/%your_theme%/js/ajax-load-quote.js

function ajaxQuote() {
    var theQuote = jQuery.ajax({
        type: 'POST',
        url: ajaxParams.themeURI+'js/ajax-load-quote.php',
        /* supplying the file path to the ajax loaded php as a $_POST variable */
        data: { file_path: ajaxParams.filePath },
        beforeSend: function() {
            ajaxLoadingScreen(true,'#randomquotes');
        },
        success: function(data) {
            jQuery('#randomquotes').find('p').remove();
            jQuery('#randomquotes').prepend(data);
        },
        complete: function() {
            ajaxLoadingScreen(false,'#randomquotes');
        }
    });
    return theQuote;
}
/* Loading screen to be displayed during the process, optional */
function ajaxLoadingScreen(switchOn,element) {
    /* show loading screen */
    if (switchOn) {
        jQuery(''+element).css({
            'position': 'relative'
        });
        var appendHTML = '<div class="ajax-loading-screen appended">
            <img src="'+ajaxParams.themeURI+'images/ajax-loader.gif"
                alt="Loading ..." width="16" height="16" /></div>';
        if( jQuery(''+element).children('.ajax-loading-screen').length === 0 ) {
            jQuery(''+element).append(appendHTML);
        }
        jQuery(''+element).children('.ajax-loading-screen').first().css({
            'display': 'block',
            'visibility': 'visible',
            'filter': 'alpha(opacity=100)',
            '-ms-filter': '"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=100)"',
            'opacity': '1'
        });
    } else {
        /* hide the loading screen */
        jQuery(''+element).children('.ajax-loading-screen').css({
            'display': '',
            'visibility': '',
            'filter': '',
            '-ms-filter': '',
            'opacity': ''
        });
        jQuery(''+element).css({
            'position': ''
        });
    }
}
/* triggering the above via the click event */
jQuery('#newquotes').click( function() {
    var theQuote = ajaxQuote();
    return false;
});

将其放到functions.php中

在上述代码段下方（您将在下面的代码段中进行修改），粘贴以下代码：

function random_quote( $atts ) {
    /* extracts the value of shortcode argument path */
    extract( shortcode_atts( array(
        'path' => get_template_directory_uri() . '/quotes.txt' // default, if not set
    ), $atts ) );
    $array = file( $path );
    $r = rand( 0, count($array) - 1 );
    $output = '<div id="randomquotes">' .
            '<p>' . $array[$r] . '</p>' .
        '</div>' .
        '<a id="newquote" class="button" href="#" title="Gimme a new one!">New Quote</a>';
    /* enqueue the below registered script, if needed */
    wp_enqueue_script( 'ajax-quote' );
    /* supplying the file path to the script */
    wp_localize_script(
        'ajax-quote',
        'ajaxParams',
        array(
            'filePath' => $path,
            'themeURI' => get_template_directory_uri() . '/'
        )
    );
    return $output;
}
add_shortcode( 'randomquotes', 'random_quote');
/* register the js */
function wpse72974_load_scripts() {
    if ( ! is_admin() ) {
        wp_register_script(
           'ajax-quote', 
            get_template_directory_uri() . '/js/ajax-load-quote.js',
            array( 'jquery' ),
            '1.0',
            true
        );
    }
}
add_action ( 'init', 'wpse72974_load_scripts' );

可选：加载屏幕的css

.ajax-loading-screen {
    display: none;
    visibility: hidden;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    background: #ffffff; /* the background of your site or the container of the quote */
    filter: alpha(opacity=0);
    -ms-filter:"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)";
    opacity: 0;
    -webkit-transition:  opacity .1s;
    -moz-transition:  opacity .1s;
    -ms-transition:  opacity .1s;
    -o-transition: opacity .1s;
    transition: opacity .1s;
    z-index: 9999;
}
.ajax-loading-screen img {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    margin: -8px 0 0 -8px;
}

资源/阅读

• wp_localize_script() -法典
• jQuery.ajax -jQuery API文档
• ajaxload.info-加载gif生成器

您可以使用简码注册脚本。如果主题包含，它将被打印到页脚中wp_footer()。

怎么运行的：

1. 使用来注册简码回调add_shortcode()。
2. 在shortcode回调中，注册脚本，然后返回输出。
3. 在脚本中添加更新按钮，向发送POST请求admin_url( 'admin-ajax.php' )并获取新数据。将返回的数据插入带有短代码的元素中。

这是一个示例脚本。两个文件：一个PHP类和一个JavaScript文件。两者都应位于同一目录中，例如ajax-shortcode-demo。

ajax-shortcode-demo.php

<?php
/**
 * Plugin Name: AJAX Shortcode Demo
 * Description: How to use AJAX from a shortcode handler named <code>[ajaxdemo]</code>.
 */

add_action( 'wp_loaded', array ( 'Ajax_Shortcode_Demo', 'get_instance' ) );

class Ajax_Shortcode_Demo
{
    /**
     * Current plugin instance
     *
     * @type NULL|object
     */
    protected static $instance = NULL;

    /**
     * Unique action name to trigger our callback
     *
     * @type string
     */
    protected $ajax_action = 'load_demo_data';

    /**
     * CSS class for the shortcode, reused as JavaScript handle.
     *
     * Must be unique too.
     *
     * @type string
     */
    protected $shortcode_class = 'ajaxdemo';

    /**
     * Remeber if we had regsitered a script on a page already.
     *
     * @type boolean
     */
    protected $script_registered = FALSE;

    /**
     * Create a new instance.
     *
     * @wp-hook wp_loaded
     * @return  object $this
     */
    public static function get_instance()
    {
        NULL === self::$instance and self::$instance = new self;
        return self::$instance;
    }

    /**
     * Constructor. Register shortcode and AJAX callback handlers.
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        add_shortcode( 'ajaxdemo', array ( $this, 'shortcode_handler' ) );

        // register the AJAX callback
        $callback = array ( $this, 'ajax_callback' );
        // user who are logged in
        add_action( "wp_ajax_$this->ajax_action", $callback );
        // anonymous users
        add_action( "wp_ajax_nopriv_$this->ajax_action", $callback );
    }

    /**
     * Render the shortcode.
     */
    public function shortcode_handler()
    {
        $this->register_scripts();

        return sprintf(
            '<div class="%1$s"><b>%2$s</b></div>',
            $this->shortcode_class,
            $this->get_rand()
        );
    }

    /**
     * Return AJAX result.
     *
     * Must 'echo' and 'die'.
     *
     * @wp-hook wp_ajax_$this->ajax_action
     * @wp-hook wp_ajax_nopriv_$this->ajax_action
     * @return int
     */
    public function ajax_callback()
    {
        echo $this->get_rand();
        exit;
    }

    /**
     * Random number.
     *
     * @return int
     */
    protected function get_rand()
    {
        return rand( 1, 1000 );
    }

    /**
     * Register script and global data object.
     *
     * The data will be printent before the linked script.
     */
    protected function register_scripts()
    {
        if ( $this->script_registered )
            return;

        $this->script_registered = TRUE;

        wp_register_script(
            // unique handle
            $this->shortcode_class,
            // script URL
            plugin_dir_url( __FILE__ ) . '/jquery-ajax-demo.js',
            // dependencies
            array ( 'jquery'),
            // version
            'v1',
            // print in footer
            TRUE
        );

        wp_enqueue_script( $this->shortcode_class );

        $data = array (
            // URL address for AJAX request
            'ajaxUrl'   => admin_url( 'admin-ajax.php' ),
            // action to trigger our callback
            'action'    => $this->ajax_action,
            // selector for jQuery
            'democlass' => $this->shortcode_class
        );

        wp_localize_script( $this->shortcode_class, 'AjaxDemo', $data );
    }
}

jquery-ajax-demo.js

jQuery( function( $ ) {

    var buttonClass = AjaxDemo.democlass + 'Button',
        // insert AJAX result into the shortcode element
        updateDemo = function( response ){          
            $( '.' + AjaxDemo.democlass ).find( 'b' ).html( response );
        },
        // fetch AJAX data
        loadDemo = function() {
            $.post( AjaxDemo.ajaxUrl, { action: AjaxDemo.action }, updateDemo );
        };

    // add an update button
    $( '.' + AjaxDemo.democlass )
        .append( ' <button class="' + buttonClass + '">New</button>' );

    // assign the clock handler to the button
    $( '.' + buttonClass ).click( loadDemo );
});

博客文章的结果：