如何通过终端创建VPN连接？

9

我有一个MacBook pro，小牛队正在运行。我正在寻找一种连接终端VPN网络的方法。

我想这样做的原因是我想用Python编写一个小程序，自动检测30台服务器中最快的VPN服务器。这是一个自我激励的练习项目，所以我想我会坚持使用Python语言。所以我打破了任务，认为程序可能需要首先连接到服务器之一，然后运行速度测试。

所以我现在陷入了第一步，因为我意识到建立VPN连接似乎是在系统级别，因为我在python中找不到预先编写的VPN模块。所以我想我会告诉Python告诉系统shell连接到VPN服务器。

当我四处寻找时，我通过打字找到了一个命令apropos vpn。它被称为vpnagent。但是man vpnagent没有提供有用的信息，也没有which vpnagent告诉我Mac上没有安装实用程序。我找到的另一个有趣的事情是，pppd但是设置配置文件非常令人沮丧。我无法做到这一点。

那么有没有一种使用终端连接到VPN的方法？另外，由于我是编程新手，所以对我的项目的任何评论也是受欢迎的。先感谢您。

macos  terminal  network  vpn  python 
— Choushishi
source

Answers:

6

您可以在超级用户的@slhck中使用这些精彩的bash函数：

要连接到不同的VPN，请在Network.prefpane中拥有多个VPN。

function vpn-connect {
/usr/bin/env osascript <<-EOF
tell application "System Events"
        tell current location of network preferences
                set VPN to service "UniVPN" -- your VPN name here
                if exists VPN then connect VPN
                repeat while (current configuration of VPN is not connected)
                    delay 1
                end repeat
        end tell
end tell
EOF
}

function vpn-disconnect {
/usr/bin/env osascript <<-EOF
tell application "System Events"
        tell current location of network preferences
                set VPN to service "UniVPN" -- your VPN name here
                if exists VPN then disconnect VPN
        end tell
end tell
return
EOF
}

不要忘记更改VPN的名称。

— grg
source
谢谢你的工作。但是，~/.bash-profile每当我需要连接到另一个VPN时，我需要更改VPN的名称变得不自在。有没有办法在函数中添加参数，所以我可以这样调用vpn-connect UniVPN？
— Choushishi 2014年
@Choushishi您可以创建具有不同名称和不同VPN的多个功能。复制该功能并更改第一行的功能名称和VPN名称。
— grg
谢谢这是一个很好的解决方案。我想我仍然会尝试找到一种方法来添加参数，使其更优雅
— Choushishi
1
@Choushishi你可以把它带参数只是通过更换UniVPN通过$1。（同时保留双引号）
— TimothéeBoucher2014年
6

scutil应该是你所需要的。

scutil --nc start <service name>

因此，依次连接到每个脚本的Python脚本可能包含以下内容： 

import re
from subprocess import call, check_output

vpns_string = check_output(["scutil", "--nc", "list"]) # lists all VPN services

vpns = re.findall('"(.+)"', vpns_string) # service names are double-quoted

for vpn in vpns:
  call(["scutil", "--nc", "start", vpn])
  #...do stuff with your connection, test speed etc.
  call(["scutil", "--nc", "stop", vpn])

您可以选择指定要连接的用户名，密码和密码 - 请参阅scutil --nc help用法。

— MatzFan
source
2 
#!/bin/sh
# Random UUID for this config
vpnUuid=``
# Address of VPN server
serverName=""
# The group of usernames that is allowed in
groupName=""
# The name of connection type displayed in GUI
labelName=""
# The Shared Secret
sharedSecret=""
# The user this VPN config is for
userName=""

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 4 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "serverName"
if [ "$4" != "" ] && [ "$ranAtImaging" == "" ]; then
    ranAtImaging=$4
fi

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 5 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "serverName"
if [ "$5" != "" ] && [ "$serverName" == "" ]; then
    serverName=$5
fi

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 6 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "groupName"
if [ "$6" != "" ] && [ "$groupName" == "" ]; then
    groupName=$6
fi

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 7 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "labelName"
if [ "$7" != "" ] && [ "$labelName" == "" ]; then
    labelName=$7
fi

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 8 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "sharedSecret"
if [ "$8" != "" ] && [ "$sharedSecret" == "" ]; then
    sharedSecret=$8
fi

# CHECK TO SEE IF A VALUE WAS PASSED IN PARAMETER 9 AND, IF SO, ASSIGN TO "userName"
if [ "$9" != "" ] && [ "$userName" == "" ]; then
    userName=$9
fi

loggedInUser=`/bin/ls -l /dev/console | /usr/bin/awk '{ print $3 }'`
macModel=`system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | grep "Model Name:" | awk '{ print $3 }'`

# Check that we are running this on a MacBook
if [ "$macModel" == "MacBook" ]; then

    # Setup Keychain shared secret granting appropriate access for the OS apps
    /usr/bin/security add-generic-password -a "$groupName" -l "$labelName" -D "IPSec Shared Secret" -w "$sharedSecret" -s "$vpnUuid".SS -T /System/Library/Frameworks/SystemConfiguration.framework/Resources/SCHelper -T /Applications/System\ Preferences.app -T /System/Library/CoreServices/SystemUIServer.app -T /usr/sbin/pppd -T /usr/sbin/racoon /Library/Keychains/System.keychain

    # Write a Network Config containing this keychain item directly to System Config
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:DNS dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPv4 dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPv4:ConfigMethod string Automatic" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPv6 dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Proxies dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Proxies:ExceptionList array" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Proxies:ExceptionList:0 string \*\.local" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Proxies:ExceptionList:1 string 169\.254\/16" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Proxies:FTPPassive integer 1" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:SMB dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:UserDefinedName string $labelName" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Interface dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:Interface:Type string IPSec" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:AuthenticationMethod string SharedSecret" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:LocalIdentifier string $groupName" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:LocalIdentifierType string KeyID" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:RemoteAddress string $serverName" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:SharedSecret string $vpnUuid\.SS" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:SharedSecretEncryption string Keychain" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:XAuthName string $userName" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :NetworkServices:$vpnUuid:IPSec:XAuthPasswordEncryption string Prompt" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist

    # At this point, we should have only one Network Set (Automatic) so we find out its UUID — errr, messy
    autoUuid=`/usr/libexec/Plistbuddy -c "Print :Sets" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist | grep -B1 -m1 Automatic | grep Dict | awk '{ print $1 }'`

    # and we add our newly created config to the default set
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :Sets:$autoUuid:Network:Service:$vpnUuid dict" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :Sets:$autoUuid:Network:Service:$vpnUuid:__LINK__ string \/NetworkServices\/$vpnUuid" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
    /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Add :Sets:$autoUuid:Network:Global:IPv4:ServiceOrder: string $vpnUuid" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist

else
    echo "This mac is not a MacBook… so skipping…"
fi
— davidcondrey
source
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