Python〜451位数字
这是我为半素数分解问题编写的库的一部分，其中删除了不必要的功能。它使用了Baillie-PSW素数测试，从技术上讲这是一个概率测试，但是到目前为止，还没有已知的伪素数-如果您能够找到一个（或提供证明不存在的证据）甚至可以获得现金奖励。 。
编辑：我还没有意识到Python具有内置的模块化指数。将我自己替换为内置组件可以使性能提高约33％。
my_math.py
# legendre symbol (a|m)
# note: returns m-1 if a is a non-residue, instead of -1
def legendre(a, m):
return pow(a, (m-1) >> 1, m)
# strong probable prime
def is_sprp(n, b=2):
d = n-1
s = 0
while d&1 == 0:
s += 1
d >>= 1
x = pow(b, d, n)
if x == 1 or x == n-1:
return True
for r in range(1, s):
x = (x * x)%n
if x == 1:
return False
elif x == n-1:
return True
return False
# lucas probable prime
# assumes D = 1 (mod 4), (D|n) = -1
def is_lucas_prp(n, D):
P = 1
Q = (1-D) >> 2
# n+1 = 2**r*s where s is odd
s = n+1
r = 0
while s&1 == 0:
r += 1
s >>= 1
# calculate the bit reversal of (odd) s
# e.g. 19 (10011) <=> 25 (11001)
t = 0
while s > 0:
if s&1:
t += 1
s -= 1
else:
t <<= 1
s >>= 1
# use the same bit reversal process to calculate the sth Lucas number
# keep track of q = Q**n as we go
U = 0
V = 2
q = 1
# mod_inv(2, n)
inv_2 = (n+1) >> 1
while t > 0:
if t&1 == 1:
# U, V of n+1
U, V = ((U + V) * inv_2)%n, ((D*U + V) * inv_2)%n
q = (q * Q)%n
t -= 1
else:
# U, V of n*2
U, V = (U * V)%n, (V * V - 2 * q)%n
q = (q * q)%n
t >>= 1
# double s until we have the 2**r*sth Lucas number
while r > 0:
U, V = (U * V)%n, (V * V - 2 * q)%n
q = (q * q)%n
r -= 1
# primality check
# if n is prime, n divides the n+1st Lucas number, given the assumptions
return U == 0
# primes less than 212
small_primes = set([
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29,
31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71,
73, 79, 83, 89, 97,101,103,107,109,113,
127,131,137,139,149,151,157,163,167,173,
179,181,191,193,197,199,211])
# pre-calced sieve of eratosthenes for n = 2, 3, 5, 7
indices = [
1, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41,
43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83,
89, 97,101,103,107,109,113,121,127,131,
137,139,143,149,151,157,163,167,169,173,
179,181,187,191,193,197,199,209]
# distances between sieve values
offsets = [
10, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6,
6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 6, 4, 6, 8, 4, 2, 4,
2, 4, 8, 6, 4, 6, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 6,
4, 2, 4, 6, 2, 6, 4, 2, 4, 2,10, 2]
max_int = 2147483647
# an 'almost certain' primality check
def is_prime(n):
if n < 212:
return n in small_primes
for p in small_primes:
if n%p == 0:
return False
# if n is a 32-bit integer, perform full trial division
if n <= max_int:
i = 211
while i*i < n:
for o in offsets:
i += o
if n%i == 0:
return False
return True
# Baillie-PSW
# this is technically a probabalistic test, but there are no known pseudoprimes
if not is_sprp(n): return False
a = 5
s = 2
while legendre(a, n) != n-1:
s = -s
a = s-a
return is_lucas_prp(n, a)
# next prime strictly larger than n
def next_prime(n):
if n < 2:
return 2
# first odd larger than n
n = (n + 1) | 1
if n < 212:
while True:
if n in small_primes:
return n
n += 2
# find our position in the sieve rotation via binary search
x = int(n%210)
s = 0
e = 47
m = 24
while m != e:
if indices[m] < x:
s = m
m = (s + e + 1) >> 1
else:
e = m
m = (s + e) >> 1
i = int(n + (indices[m] - x))
# adjust offsets
offs = offsets[m:]+offsets[:m]
while True:
for o in offs:
if is_prime(i):
return i
i += o
示例测试脚本：
from time import clock
from my_math import *
n = i = 317**79
while True:
i *= 317
time1 = clock()
n, o = next_prime(i), n
span = clock()-time1
if span > 10:
break
print(len(str(n)), span)
print(o)
选择了317的因数，因为它大约是的平方根10000，每次迭代大约添加2.5个数字（并且因为加倍太慢而无法通过）。输出显示当前数字位数和花费的时间。
样本结果：
201 0.13121248650317288
203 0.059535499623555505
206 0.9157767258129175
208 0.2583420518529589
211 0.15367400046653978
213 0.32343915218274955
216 1.3962866788935466
218 0.5986165839513125
221 0.973842206202185
223 2.346910291671148
...
428 0.932809896229827
431 4.345940056627313
433 9.511724255457068
436 6.089835998709333
438 1.3793498894412721
441 4.290633027381972
443 3.5102506044762833
446 3.1629148397352083
448 3.364759208223404
451 7.34668009481652
1551197868099891386459896063244381932060770425565921999885096817830297496627504652115239001983985153119775350914638552307445919773021758654815641382344720913548160379485681746575245251059529720935264144339378936233043585239478807971817857394193701584822359805681429741446927344534491412763713568490429195862973508863067230162660278070962484418979417980291904500349345162151774412157280412235743457342694749679453616265540134456421369622519723266737913
现在所有代码都与python 3兼容。