给定具有白色背景和一组黑点的黑白图像，将一组白色像素绘制为红色，以便每对黑色像素之间都有一条路径。

细节

• 路径是一组连接的像素（8邻域连通性）。黑色像素可以用作路径的一部分。目标是在上述条件下尽量减少红色像素的集合，并输出相应的图像。

• 你不必须找到最佳的解决方案。

• 一个平凡而又最糟糕的解决方案就是将所有白色像素都涂成红色。

• 示例（为可视性将像素放大）：

细节

• 给定一个像素图像（采用任何合适的格式），则返回另一个图像，该图像具有如上所述连接的点以及一个整数，该整数指示使用了多少个红色像素。
• 分数是14个测试用例的每一个的乘积（（1 +红色像素的数量））。
• 目标是得分最低。

测试用例

14个测试用例如下所示。可以在此处找到用于验证输出连接性的python程序。

元

感谢@ Veskah，@ Fatalize，@ wizzwizz4和@trichoplax的各种建议。

C，得分2.397x10 ^ 38

男人花了很长时间来做，很可能是由于我选择的语言。我使算法相当早就开始工作，但是在内存分配方面遇到了很多问题（由于堆栈溢出，泄漏量很大，无法递归释放东西）。

仍然！它在每个测试用例上都胜过其他条目，甚至可能很多时候都是最优方案，或者接近最优方案。

无论如何，这是代码：

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>

#define WHITE 'W'
#define BLACK 'B'
#define RED   'R'


typedef struct image {
    int w, h;
    char* buf;
} image;

typedef struct point {
    int x, y;
    struct point *next;
    struct point *parent;
} point;

typedef struct shape {
    point* first_point;
    point* last_point;

    struct shape* next_shape;
} shape;


typedef struct storage {
    point* points;
    size_t points_size;
    size_t points_index;

    shape* shapes;
    size_t shapes_size;
    size_t shapes_index;
} storage;

char getpx(image* img, int x, int y) {
    if (0>x || x>=img->w || 0>y || y>=img->h) {
        return WHITE;
    } else {
        return img->buf[y*img->w+x];
    }
}

storage* create_storage(int w, int h) {
    storage* ps = (storage*)malloc(sizeof(storage));

    ps->points_size = 8*w*h;
    ps->points = (point*)calloc(ps->points_size, sizeof(point));
    ps->points_index = 0;

    ps->shapes_size = 2*w*h;
    ps->shapes = (shape*)calloc(ps->shapes_size, sizeof(shape));
    ps->shapes_index = 0;

    return ps;
}

void free_storage(storage* ps) {
    if (ps != NULL) {
        if (ps->points != NULL) {
            free(ps->points);
            ps->points = NULL;
        }
        if (ps->shapes != NULL) {
            free(ps->shapes);
            ps->shapes = NULL;
        }
        free(ps);
    }
}


point* alloc_point(storage* ps) {
    if (ps->points_index == ps->points_size) {
        printf("WHOAH THERE BUDDY SLOW DOWN\n");
        /*// double the size of the buffer
        point* new_buffer = (point*)malloc(ps->points_size*2*sizeof(point));
        // need to change all existing pointers to point to new buffer
        long long int pointer_offset = (long long int)new_buffer - (long long int)ps->points;
        for (size_t i=0; i<ps->points_index; i++) {
            new_buffer[i] = ps->points[i];
            if (new_buffer[i].next != NULL) {
                new_buffer[i].next += pointer_offset;
            }
            if (new_buffer[i].parent != NULL) {
                new_buffer[i].parent += pointer_offset;
            }
        }

        for(size_t i=0; i<ps->shapes_index; i++) {
            if (ps->shapes[i].first_point != NULL) {
                ps->shapes[i].first_point += pointer_offset;
            }
            if (ps->shapes[i].last_point != NULL) {
                ps->shapes[i].last_point += pointer_offset;
            }
        }

        free(ps->points);
        ps->points = new_buffer;
        ps->points_size = ps->points_size * 2;*/
    }
    point* out = &(ps->points[ps->points_index]);
    ps->points_index += 1;
    return out;
}

shape* alloc_shape(storage* ps) {
    /*if (ps->shapes_index == ps->shapes_size) {
        // double the size of the buffer
        shape* new_buffer = (shape*)malloc(ps->shapes_size*2*sizeof(shape));
        long long int pointer_offset = (long long int)new_buffer - (long long int)ps->shapes;
        for (size_t i=0; i<ps->shapes_index; i++) {
            new_buffer[i] = ps->shapes[i];
            if (new_buffer[i].next_shape != NULL) {
                new_buffer[i].next_shape += pointer_offset;
            }
        }
        free(ps->shapes);
        ps->shapes = new_buffer;
        ps->shapes_size = ps->shapes_size * 2;
    }*/
    shape* out = &(ps->shapes[ps->shapes_index]);
    ps->shapes_index += 1;
    return out;
}

shape floodfill_shape(image* img, storage* ps, int x, int y, char* buf) {
    // not using point allocator for exploration stack b/c that will overflow it

    point* stack = (point*)malloc(sizeof(point));
    stack->x = x;
    stack->y = y;
    stack->next = NULL;
    stack->parent = NULL;

    point* explored = NULL;
    point* first_explored;
    point* next_explored;

    while (stack != NULL) {
        int sx = stack->x;
        int sy = stack->y;
        point* prev_head = stack;
        stack = stack->next;
        free(prev_head);

        buf[sx+sy*img->w] = 1; // mark as explored

        // add point to shape
        next_explored = alloc_point(ps);
        next_explored->x = sx;
        next_explored->y = sy;
        next_explored->next = NULL;
        next_explored->parent = NULL;

        if (explored != NULL) {
            explored->next = next_explored;
        } else {
            first_explored = next_explored;
        }
        explored = next_explored;

        for (int dy=-1; dy<2; dy++) {
        for (int dx=-1; dx<2; dx++) {
            if (dy != 0 || dx != 0) {
                int nx = sx+dx;
                int ny = sy+dy;
                if (getpx(img, nx, ny) == WHITE || buf[nx+ny*img->w]) {
                    // skip adding point to fringe
                } else {
                    // push point to top of stack
                    point* new_point = (point*)malloc(sizeof(point));
                    new_point->x = nx;
                    new_point->y = ny;
                    new_point->next = stack;
                    new_point->parent = NULL;

                    stack = new_point;
                } 
            }
        }
        }
    }

    /*if (getpx(img, x, y) == WHITE || buf[x+y*img->w]) {
        return (shape){NULL, NULL, NULL};
    } else {
        buf[x+y*img->w] = 1;

        shape e  = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x+1, y,   buf);
        shape ne = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x+1, y+1, buf);
        shape n  = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x,   y+1, buf);
        shape nw = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x-1, y+1, buf);
        shape w  = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x-1, y,   buf);
        shape sw = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x-1, y-1, buf);
        shape s  = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x,   y-1, buf);
        shape se = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x+1, y-1, buf);

        point *p = alloc_point(ps);
        p->x = x;
        p->y = y;
        p->next = NULL;
        p->parent = NULL;

        shape o = (shape){p, p, NULL};
        if (e.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = e.first_point;
            o.last_point = e.last_point;
        }
        if (ne.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = ne.first_point;
            o.last_point = ne.last_point;
        }
        if (n.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = n.first_point;
            o.last_point = n.last_point;
        }
        if (nw.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = nw.first_point;
            o.last_point = nw.last_point;
        }
        if (w.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = w.first_point;
            o.last_point = w.last_point;
        }
        if (sw.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = sw.first_point;
            o.last_point = sw.last_point;
        }
        if (s.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = s.first_point;
            o.last_point = s.last_point;
        }
        if (se.first_point != NULL) {
            o.last_point->next = se.first_point;
            o.last_point = se.last_point;
        }

        return o;
    }*/

    shape out = {first_explored, explored, NULL};

    return out;
}

shape* create_shapes(image* img, storage* ps) {
    char* added_buffer = (char*)calloc(img->w*img->h, sizeof(char));
    shape* first_shape = NULL;
    shape* last_shape = NULL;
    int num_shapes = 0;
    for (int y=0; y<img->h; y++) {
        for (int x=0; x<img->w; x++) {
            if (getpx(img, x, y) != WHITE && !(added_buffer[x+y*img->w])) {
                shape* alloced_shape = alloc_shape(ps);
                *alloced_shape = floodfill_shape(img, ps, x, y, added_buffer);

                if (first_shape == NULL) {
                    first_shape = alloced_shape;
                    last_shape = alloced_shape;
                } else if (last_shape != NULL) {
                    last_shape->next_shape = alloced_shape;
                    last_shape = alloced_shape;
                }

                num_shapes++;
            }
        }
    }

    free(added_buffer);

    return first_shape;
}

void populate_buf(image* img, shape* s, char* buf) {
    point* p = s->first_point;

    while (p != NULL) {
        buf[p->x+p->y*img->w] = 1;
        p = p->next;
    }
}

bool expand_frontier(image* img, storage* ps, shape* prev_frontier, shape* next_frontier, char* buf) {
    point* p = prev_frontier->first_point;
    point* n = NULL;

    bool found = false;

    size_t starting_points_index = ps->points_index;

    while (p != NULL) {
        for (int dy=-1; dy<2; dy++) {
        for (int dx=-1; dx<2; dx++) {
            if (dy != 0 || dx != 0) {
                int nx = p->x+dx;
                int ny = p->y+dy;
                if ((0<=nx && nx<img->w && 0<=ny && ny<img->h) // in bounds
                        && !buf[nx+ny*img->w]) {               // not searched yet
                    buf[nx+ny*img->w] = 1;
                    if (getpx(img, nx, ny) != WHITE) {
                        // found a new shape!
                        ps->points_index = starting_points_index;
                        n = alloc_point(ps);
                        n->x = nx;
                        n->y = ny;
                        n->next = NULL;
                        n->parent = p;
                        found = true;
                        goto __expand_frontier_fullbreak;
                    } else {
                        // need to search more
                        point* f = alloc_point(ps);
                        f->x = nx;
                        f->y = ny;
                        f->next = n;
                        f->parent = p;
                        n = f;
                    }
                }
            }
        }}

        p = p->next;
    }
__expand_frontier_fullbreak:
    p = NULL;
    point* last_n = n;
    while (last_n->next != NULL) {
        last_n = last_n->next;
    }

    next_frontier->first_point = n;
    next_frontier->last_point = last_n;

    return found;
}

void color_from_frontier(image* img, point* frontier_point) {
    point* p = frontier_point->parent;

    while (p->parent != NULL) { // if everything else is right,
                                // a frontier point should come in a chain of at least 3
                                // (f point (B) -> point to color (W) -> point in shape (B) -> NULL)
        img->buf[p->x+p->y*img->w] = RED;
        p = p->parent;
    }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    if (argc < 3) {
        printf("Error: first argument must be filename to load, second argument filename to save to.\n");
        return 1;
    }

    char* fname = argv[1];
    FILE* fp = fopen(fname, "r");

    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("Error opening file \"%s\"\n", fname);
        return 1;
    }

    int w, h;
    w = 0;
    h = 0;
    fscanf(fp, "%d %d\n", &w, &h);

    if (w==0 || h==0) {
        printf("Error: invalid width/height specified\n");
        return 1;
    }

    char* buf = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*w*h+1);
    fgets(buf, w*h+1, fp);
    fclose(fp);

    image img = (image){w, h, buf};

    int nshapes = 0;
    storage* ps = create_storage(w, h);

    while (nshapes != 1) {
        // main loop, do processing step until one shape left
        ps->points_index = 0;
        ps->shapes_index = 0;

        shape* head = create_shapes(&img, ps);
        nshapes = 0;
        shape* pt = head;
        while (pt != NULL) {
            pt = pt->next_shape;
            nshapes++;
        }
        if (nshapes % 1024 == 0) {
            printf("shapes left: %d\n", nshapes);
        }
        if (nshapes == 1) {
            goto __main_task_complete;
        }


        shape* frontier = alloc_shape(ps);
        // making a copy so we can safely free later
        point* p = head->first_point;
        point* ffp = NULL;
        point* flp = NULL;
        while (p != NULL) {
            if (ffp == NULL) {
                ffp = alloc_point(ps);
                ffp->x = p->x;
                ffp->y = p->y;
                ffp->next = NULL;
                ffp->parent = NULL;
                flp = ffp;
            } else {
                point* fnp = alloc_point(ps);
                fnp->x = p->x;
                fnp->y = p->y;
                fnp->next = NULL;
                fnp->parent = NULL;

                flp->next = fnp;
                flp = fnp;
            }

            p = p->next;
        }
        frontier->first_point = ffp;
        frontier->last_point = flp;
        frontier->next_shape = NULL;

        char* visited_buf = (char*)calloc(img.w*img.h+1, sizeof(char));
        populate_buf(&img, frontier, visited_buf);

        shape* new_frontier = alloc_shape(ps);
        new_frontier->first_point = NULL;
        new_frontier->last_point = NULL;
        new_frontier->next_shape = NULL;

        while (!expand_frontier(&img, ps, frontier, new_frontier, visited_buf)) {
            frontier->first_point = new_frontier->first_point;
            frontier->last_point = new_frontier->last_point;
            new_frontier->next_shape = frontier;
        }

        free(visited_buf);
        color_from_frontier(&img, new_frontier->first_point);
__main_task_complete:
        img = img;
    }

    free_storage(ps);

    char* outfname = argv[2];
    fp = fopen(outfname, "w");

    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("Error opening file \"%s\"\n", outfname);
        return 1;
    }

    fprintf(fp, "%d %d\n", img.w, img.h);
    fprintf(fp, "%s", img.buf);

    free(img.buf);

    fclose(fp);

    return 0;
}

经过测试：Arch Linux，GCC 9.1.0， -O3

该代码在我称为“ cppm”的自定义文件中接受输入/输出（因为它就像经典PPM格式的压缩版本一样）。下面是要转换成/从中转换的python脚本：

from PIL import Image

BLACK='B'
WHITE='W'
RED  ='R'


def image_to_cppm(infname, outfname):
    outfile = open(outfname, 'w')
    im = Image.open(infname)

    w, h = im.width, im.height
    outfile.write(f"{w} {h}\n")
    for y in range(h):
        for x in range(w):
            r, g, b, *_ = im.getpixel((x, y))
            if r==0 and g==0 and b==0:
                outfile.write(BLACK)
            elif g==0 and b==0:
                outfile.write(RED)
            else:
                outfile.write(WHITE)
    outfile.write("\n")
    outfile.close()
    im.close()

def cppm_to_image(infname, outfname):
    infile = open(infname, 'r')

    w, h = infile.readline().split(" ")
    w, h = int(w), int(h)

    im = Image.new('RGB', (w, h), color=(255, 255, 255))

    for y in range(h):
        for x in range(w):
            c = infile.read(1)
            if c==BLACK:
                im.putpixel((x,y), (0, 0, 0))
            elif c==RED:
                im.putpixel((x,y), (255, 0, 0))

    infile.close()
    im.save(outfname)
    im.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    if len(sys.argv) < 3:
        print("Error: must provide 2 files to convert, first is from, second is to")

    infname = sys.argv[1]
    outfname = sys.argv[2]

    if not infname.endswith("cppm") and outfname.endswith("cppm"):
        image_to_cppm(infname, outfname)
    elif infname.endswith("cppm") and not outfname.endswith("cppm"):
        cppm_to_image(infname, outfname)
    else:
        print("didn't do anything, exactly one file must end with .cppm")

算法说明

该算法的工作原理是从找到图像中所有连接的形状（包括红色像素）开始。然后，它获取第一个像素并一次扩展其边界一个像素，直到遇到另一种形状为止。然后，它为从触摸到原始形状的所有像素着色（使用在跟踪过程中创建的链接列表）。最后，它重复该过程，找到所有创建的新形状，直到只剩下一个形状。

图片库

Python，2.62 * 10 ^ 40

该算法仅从图像的黑色部分开始填充（BFS）平面，在该平面中，对于每个新像素，我们记录从哪个黑色部分开始填充。一旦我们有了两个具有不同黑色部分的相邻像素作为祖先，我们就通过将它们通过我们刚刚发现的两个相邻像素的祖先连接起来，基本上合并了这两个黑色部分。从理论上讲，这可以在中实现O(#pixels)，但为了将代码量保持在可接受的水平，此实现会稍差一些。

输出量

import numpy as np
from scipy import ndimage
import imageio
from collections import deque

# path to your image
for k in range(1, 15):
    fname=str(k).zfill(2) +'.png'
    print("processing ", fname)

    # load image
    img = imageio.imread("./images/"+fname, pilmode="RGB")
    print(img.shape)

    # determine non_white part
    white = np.logical_and(np.logical_and(img[:,:,0] == 255, img[:,:,1] == 255), img[:,:,2] == 255)
    non_white = np.logical_not(white)

    # find connected components of non-white part
    neighbourhood = np.ones((3,3))
    labeled, nr_objects = ndimage.label(non_white, neighbourhood)

    # print result
    print("number of separate objects is {}".format(nr_objects))

    # start flood filling algorithm
    ind = np.nonzero(labeled)
    front = deque(zip(ind[0],ind[1]))

    membership = np.copy(labeled)
    is_merge_point = np.zeros_like(labeled) > 0
    parent = np.zeros((2,) + labeled.shape) #find ancestor of each pixel
    is_seed = labeled > 0
    size_i, size_j = labeled.shape
    # flood from every seed
    while front: #while we have unexplored pixels
        point = front.popleft()
        # check neighbours:
        for (di,dj) in [(-1,-1),(-1,0),(-1,1),(0,-1),(0,1),(1,-1),(1,0),(1,1)]:
            current = membership[point[0], point[1]]
            new_i, new_j = point[0]+di, point[1]+dj
            if 0 <= new_i < size_i and 0 <= new_j < size_j:
                value = membership[new_i, new_j]
                if value == 0:
                    membership[new_i, new_j] = current
                    front.append((new_i, new_j))
                    parent[:, new_i, new_j] = point
                elif value != current: #MERGE!
                    is_merge_point[point[0], point[1]] = True
                    is_merge_point[new_i, new_j] = True
                    membership[np.logical_or(membership == value, membership == current)] = min(value, current)

    # trace back from every merger
    ind = np.nonzero(is_merge_point)
    merge_points = deque(zip(ind[0].astype(np.int),ind[1].astype(np.int)))
    for point in merge_points:
        next_p = point
        while not is_seed[next_p[0], next_p[1]]:
            is_merge_point[next_p[0], next_p[1]] = True
            next_p = parent[:, next_p[0], next_p[1]].astype(np.int)

    # add red points:
    img_backup = np.copy(img)
    img[:,:,0][is_merge_point] = 255 * img_backup[:,:,0]
    img[:,:,1][is_merge_point] = 0   * img_backup[:,:,1]
    img[:,:,2][is_merge_point] = 0   * img_backup[:,:,2]

    #compute number of new points
    n_red_points = (img[:,:,0] != img[:,:,1]).sum()
    print("#red points:", n_red_points)

    # plot: each component should have separate color
    imageio.imwrite("./out_images/"+fname, np.array(img))

得分了

(1+183)*(1+142)*(1+244)*(1+42)*(1+1382)*(1+2)*(1+104)*(1+7936)*(1+26)*(1+38562)*(1+42956)*(1+6939)*(1+8882)*(1+9916)
= 26208700066468930789809050445560539404000
= 2.62 * 10^40

Python 3： 1.7x10 ^ 42 1.5x10 ^ 41

使用Pillow，numpy和scipy。

假定图像images位于与脚本相同目录中的文件夹中。

免责声明：处理所有图像需要很长时间。

码

import sys
import os

from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import scipy.ndimage


def obtain_groups(image, threshold, structuring_el):
    """
    Obtain isles of unconnected pixels via a threshold on the R channel
    """
    image_logical = (image[:, :, 1] < threshold).astype(np.int)
    return scipy.ndimage.measurements.label(image_logical, structure=structuring_el)


def swap_colors(image, original_color, new_color):
    """
    Swap all the pixels of a specific color by another color 
    """
    r1, g1, b1 = original_color  # RGB value to be replaced
    r2, g2, b2 = new_color  # New RGB value
    red, green, blue = image[:, :, 0], image[:, :, 1], image[:, :, 2]
    mask = (red == r1) & (green == g1) & (blue == b1)
    image[:, :, :3][mask] = [r2, g2, b2]
    return image


def main(image_path=None):
    images = os.listdir("images")
    f = open("results.txt", "w")

    if image_path is not None:
        images = [image_path]

    for image_name in images:
        im = Image.open("images/"+image_name).convert("RGBA")
        image = np.array(im)

        image = swap_colors(image, (255, 255, 255), (255, 0, 0))

        # create structuring element to determine unconnected groups of pixels in image
        s = scipy.ndimage.morphology.generate_binary_structure(2, 2)

        for i in np.ndindex(image.shape[:2]):
            # skip black pixels
            if sum(image[i[0], i[1]]) == 255:
                continue
            image[i[0], i[1]] = [255, 255, 255, 255]
            # label the different groups, considering diagonal connections as valid
            groups, num_groups = obtain_groups(image, 255, s)
            if num_groups != 1:
                image[i[0], i[1]] = [255, 0, 0, 255]
            # Show percentage
            print((i[1] + i[0]*im.size[0])/(im.size[0]*im.size[1]))

        # Number of red pixels
        red_p = 0
        for i in np.ndindex(image.shape[:2]):
            j = (im.size[1] - i[0] - 1, im.size[0] - i[1] - 1)
            # skip black and white pixels
            if sum(image[j[0], j[1]]) == 255 or sum(image[j[0], j[1]]) == 255*4:
                continue
            image[j[0], j[1]] = [255, 255, 255, 255]
            # label the different groups, considering diagonal connections as valid
            groups, num_groups = obtain_groups(image, 255, s)
            if num_groups != 1:
                image[j[0], j[1]] = [255, 0, 0, 255]
            # Show percentage
            print((j[1] + j[0]*im.size[0])/(im.size[0]*im.size[1]))
            red_p += (sum(image[j[0], j[1]]) == 255*2)

        print(red_p)
        f.write("r_"+image_name+": "+str(red_p)+"\n")

        im = Image.fromarray(image)
        im.show()
        im.save("r_"+image_name)
    f.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv) == 2:
        main(sys.argv[1])
    else:
        main()

说明

琐碎的解决方案。我们首先将图像中所有白色像素的颜色更改为红色。这样，可以确保所有元素（黑色像素的任何小岛）都已连接。

然后，我们从左上角开始向右和向下移动，迭代图像中的所有像素。我们发现，对于每个红色像素，我们都将其颜色更改为白色。如果在更改颜色之后仍然只有一个元素（该元素现在是黑色和红色像素的任意小岛），则我们将像素保留为白色，然后移至下一个像素。但是，如果颜色从红色变为白色后元素的数量大于一个，我们将像素保留为红色，然后移至下一个像素。

更新资料

可以看出（并预期）仅通过此方法获得的连接显示规则的图案，并且在某些情况下（例如在第6和11幅图像中），存在不必要的红色像素。

通过在图像上再次进行迭代并执行与上述相同的操作（从右下角到左上角），可以轻松除去这些多余的红色像素。由于必须检查红色像素的数量，因此第二遍更快。

结果

在第二遍之后修改的图像被列出两次以显示差异。

红色像素数：18825

红色像素数量：334

红色像素数：1352

红色像素数：20214

红色像素数量：47268

红色像素数： 63 27

红色像素数：17889

红色像素数量：259

红色像素数：6746

红色像素数量：586

红色像素数： 9 1个

红色像素数量：126

红色像素数量：212

红色像素数量：683

分数计算：

（1 + 6746）*（1 + 126）*（1 + 259）*（1 + 17889）*（1 + 334）*（1 + 586）*（1 + 18825）*（1 + 9）*（1 +683）*（1 + 1352）*（1 + 20214）*（1 + 212）*（1 + 63）*（1 + 47268）= 1778700054505858720992088713763655500800000〜1.7x10 ^ 42

添加第二遍后更新分数计算：

（1+ 18825）*（1+ 1352）*（1+ 20214）*（1+ 47268）*（1+ 27）*（1+ 17889）*（1+ 6746）*（1+ 586）*（1 + 1）*（1+ 126）*（1+ 212）*（1+ 334）*（1 + 259）*（1 + 683）= 155636254769262638086807762454319856320000〜1.5x10 ^ 41