带有PIL的Python 2
这项工作仍在进行中。另外，下面的代码是一团可怕的意大利面条，不应该用作启发。:)
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
from math import sqrt
from copy import copy
from random import shuffle, choice, seed
IN_FILE = "input.png"
OUT_FILE = "output.png"
LOGGING = True
GRAPHICAL_LOGGING = False
LOG_FILE_PREFIX = "out"
LOG_FILE_SUFFIX = ".png"
LOG_ROUND_INTERVAL = 150
LOG_FLIP_INTERVAL = 40000
N = 500
P = 30
BLUR_RADIUS = 3
FILAMENT_ROUND_INTERVAL = 5
seed(0) # Random seed
print("Opening input file...")
image = Image.open(IN_FILE).filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(BLUR_RADIUS))
pixels = {}
width, height = image.size
for i in range(width):
for j in range(height):
pixels[(i, j)] = image.getpixel((i, j))
def dist_rgb((a,b,c), (d,e,f)):
return (a-d)**2 + (b-e)**2 + (c-f)**2
def nbors((x,y)):
if 0 < x:
if 0 < y:
yield (x-1,y-1)
if y < height-1:
yield (x-1,y+1)
if x < width - 1:
if 0 < y:
yield (x+1,y-1)
if y < height-1:
yield (x+1,y+1)
def full_circ((x,y)):
return ((x+1,y), (x+1,y+1), (x,y+1), (x-1,y+1), (x-1,y), (x-1,y-1), (x,y-1), (x+1,y-1))
class Region:
def __init__(self):
self.points = set()
self.size = 0
self.sum = (0,0,0)
def flip_point(self, point):
sum_r, sum_g, sum_b = self.sum
r, g, b = pixels[point]
if point in self.points:
self.sum = (sum_r - r, sum_g - g, sum_b - b)
self.size -= 1
self.points.remove(point)
else:
self.sum = (sum_r + r, sum_g + g, sum_b + b)
self.size += 1
self.points.add(point)
def mean_with(self, color):
if color is None:
s = float(self.size)
r, g, b = self.sum
else:
s = float(self.size + 1)
r, g, b = map(lambda a,b: a+b, self.sum, color)
return (r/s, g/s, b/s)
print("Initializing regions...")
aspect_ratio = width / float(height)
a = int(sqrt(N)*aspect_ratio)
b = int(sqrt(N)/aspect_ratio)
num_components = a*b
owners = {}
regions = [Region() for i in range(P)]
borders = set()
nodes = [(i,j) for i in range(a) for j in range(b)]
shuffle(nodes)
node_values = {(i,j):None for i in range(a) for j in range(b)}
for i in range(P):
node_values[nodes[i]] = regions[i]
for (i,j) in nodes[P:]:
forbiddens = set()
for node in (i,j-1), (i,j+1), (i-1,j), (i+1,j):
if node in node_values and node_values[node] is not None:
forbiddens.add(node_values[node])
node_values[(i,j)] = choice(list(set(regions) - forbiddens))
for (i,j) in nodes:
for x in range((width*i)/a, (width*(i+1))/a):
for y in range((height*j)/b, (height*(j+1))/b):
owner = node_values[(i,j)]
owner.flip_point((x,y))
owners[(x,y)] = owner
def recalc_borders(point = None):
global borders
if point is None:
borders = set()
for i in range(width):
for j in range(height):
if (i,j) not in borders:
owner = owner_of((i,j))
for pt in nbors((i,j)):
if owner_of(pt) != owner:
borders.add((i,j))
borders.add(pt)
break
else:
for pt in nbors(point):
owner = owner_of(pt)
for pt2 in nbors(pt):
if owner_of(pt2) != owner:
borders.add(pt)
break
else:
borders.discard(pt)
def owner_of(point):
if 0 <= point[0] < width and 0 <= point[1] < height:
return owners[point]
else:
return None
# Status codes for analysis
SINGLETON = 0
FILAMENT = 1
SWAPPABLE = 2
NOT_SWAPPABLE = 3
def analyze_nbors(point):
owner = owner_of(point)
circ = a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h = full_circ(point)
oa,ob,oc,od,oe,of,og,oh = map(owner_of, circ)
nbor_owners = set([oa,oc,oe,og])
if owner not in nbor_owners:
return SINGLETON, owner, nbor_owners - set([None])
if oc != oe == owner == oa != og != oc:
return FILAMENT, owner, set([og, oc]) - set([None])
if oe != oc == owner == og != oa != oe:
return FILAMENT, owner, set([oe, oa]) - set([None])
last_owner = oa
flips = {last_owner:0}
for (corner, side, corner_owner, side_owner) in (b,c,ob,oc), (d,e,od,oe), (f,g,of,og), (h,a,oh,oa):
if side_owner not in flips:
flips[side_owner] = 0
if side_owner != corner_owner or side_owner != last_owner:
flips[side_owner] += 1
flips[last_owner] += 1
last_owner = side_owner
candidates = set(own for own in flips if flips[own] == 2 and own is not None)
if owner in candidates:
return SWAPPABLE, owner, candidates - set([owner])
return NOT_SWAPPABLE, None, None
print("Calculating borders...")
recalc_borders()
print("Deforming regions...")
def assign_colors():
used_colors = {}
for region in regions:
r, g, b = region.mean_with(None)
r, g, b = int(round(r)), int(round(g)), int(round(b))
if (r,g,b) in used_colors:
for color in sorted([(r2, g2, b2) for r2 in range(256) for g2 in range(256) for b2 in range(256)], key=lambda color: dist_rgb(color, (r,g,b))):
if color not in used_colors:
used_colors[color] = region.points
break
else:
used_colors[(r,g,b)] = region.points
return used_colors
def make_image(colors):
img = Image.new("RGB", image.size)
for color in colors:
for point in colors[color]:
img.putpixel(point, color)
return img
# Round status labels
FULL_ROUND = 0
NEIGHBOR_ROUND = 1
FILAMENT_ROUND = 2
max_filament = None
next_search = set()
rounds = 0
points_flipped = 0
singletons = 0
filaments = 0
flip_milestone = 0
logs = 0
while True:
if LOGGING and (rounds % LOG_ROUND_INTERVAL == 0 or points_flipped >= flip_milestone):
print("Round %d of deformation:\n %d edit(s) so far, of which %d singleton removal(s) and %d filament cut(s)."%(rounds, points_flipped, singletons, filaments))
while points_flipped >= flip_milestone: flip_milestone += LOG_FLIP_INTERVAL
if GRAPHICAL_LOGGING:
make_image(assign_colors()).save(LOG_FILE_PREFIX + str(logs) + LOG_FILE_SUFFIX)
logs += 1
if max_filament is None or (round_status == NEIGHBOR_ROUND and rounds%FILAMENT_ROUND_INTERVAL != 0):
search_space, round_status = (next_search & borders, NEIGHBOR_ROUND) if next_search else (copy(borders), FULL_ROUND)
next_search = set()
max_filament = None
else:
round_status = FILAMENT_ROUND
search_space = set([max_filament[0]]) & borders
search_space = list(search_space)
shuffle(search_space)
for point in search_space:
status, owner, takers = analyze_nbors(point)
if (status == FILAMENT and num_components < N) or status in (SINGLETON, SWAPPABLE):
color = pixels[point]
takers_list = list(takers)
shuffle(takers_list)
for taker in takers_list:
dist = dist_rgb(color, owner.mean_with(None)) - dist_rgb(color, taker.mean_with(color))
if dist > 0:
if status != FILAMENT or round_status == FILAMENT_ROUND:
found = True
owner.flip_point(point)
taker.flip_point(point)
owners[point] = taker
recalc_borders(point)
next_search.add(point)
for nbor in full_circ(point):
next_search.add(nbor)
points_flipped += 1
if status == FILAMENT:
if round_status == FILAMENT_ROUND:
num_components += 1
filaments += 1
elif max_filament is None or max_filament[1] < dist:
max_filament = (point, dist)
if status == SINGLETON:
num_components -= 1
singletons += 1
break
rounds += 1
if round_status == FILAMENT_ROUND:
max_filament = None
if round_status == FULL_ROUND and max_filament is None and not next_search:
break
print("Deformation completed after %d rounds:\n %d edit(s), of which %d singleton removal(s) and %d filament cut(s)."%(rounds, points_flipped, singletons, filaments))
print("Assigning colors...")
used_colors = assign_colors()
print("Producing output...")
make_image(used_colors).save(OUT_FILE)
print("Done!")
这个怎么运作
该程序将画布分为多个P区域，每个区域由一定数量的无孔单元组成。最初，画布仅被划分为近似正方形，这些正方形被随机分配给区域。然后，这些区域在迭代过程中“变形”，其中给定像素可以在以下情况下更改其区域：
- 该变化将使像素的RGB距离从包含该区域的区域的平均颜色减小，并且
- 它不会破坏或合并单元格或在其中引入孔。
后者的条件可以在本地强制执行，因此该过程有点像蜂窝自动机。这样，我们无需进行任何寻路等工作，从而大大加快了处理过程。但是，由于细胞不能被分解，所以其中一些最终会成为长的“细丝”，与其他细胞接壤并抑制其生长。为了解决此问题，有一个称为“细丝切割”的过程，如果当时的细孔形单元数少于一个，它会偶尔将其分成两部分N。如果细胞大小为1，也可以消失，这为细丝切割留出了空间。
当没有像素激励切换区域时，该过程结束，然后，每个区域仅通过其平均颜色进行着色。如下面的示例所示，通常输出中会残留一些细丝，尤其是在星云中。
P = 30，N = 500
以后会有更多图片。
我的程序的一些有趣的特性是它具有概率性，因此，除非您使用相同的伪随机种子，否则结果在不同的运行之间可能会有所不同。不过，随机性不是必需的，我只是想避免由于Python遍历一组坐标或类似对象的特定方式而导致的任何意外伪像。该程序倾向于使用所有P颜色和几乎所有N单元格，并且这些单元格在设计上绝不包含孔。而且，变形过程非常缓慢。这些彩色的球用了将近15分钟才能在我的机器上生产。从好的方面来说，您可以打开GRAPHICAL_LOGGING选项，您将获得一系列很酷的变形过程图片。我将《蒙娜丽莎》制作成GIF动画（缩小了50％，以减小文件大小）。如果仔细观察她的脸和头发，可以看到细丝切割的过程正在起作用。
