在这项挑战中，您将获得要点列表。 这些点位于假想正方形的周长上。您的目标是：

1. 如果可能，请打印出正方形的旋转度，该旋转度将是[0，90）中的值，其中0表示垂直和水平线的正方形。旋转应以逆时针计数。
2. 如果正方形的旋转模棱两可（例如仅获得2分），则打印出“未知”
3. 如果无法根据给定的点创建正方形，请打印“不可能”

您所获得的分数将保证是唯一的，并且没有特定的顺序。您可以使用任何希望输入列表的格式，但是对于我的示例，我的观点将采用格式x,y，并以空格分隔。这些数字是浮点数字，您可以假定它们在您的语言可以处理的范围内。您的输出应至少精确到小数点后三位，并假定您的语言以完美的精度处理浮点数。

这是一些测试用例（为了方便查看，我使用了大多数数字，但是您的程序应该处理浮点数）：

未知：

0,0                      
0,0 1,0        
0,0 1,0 0,1              
0,0 1,0 0,1 1,1
0,1 0,2 1,0 1,3 2,0 2,3 3,1 3,2

不可能：

0,0 1,0 2,0 3,1 4,2
0,0 1,0 2,0 1,1
0,1 0,2 1,0 1,3 2,0 2,3 3,1 3,2 2,2
2,0 0,1 2,2 0,3
0,0 2,1 0,2 2,2 -1,1

可能（如果未指定，则应返回0）：

0,0 1,0 2,0
0,0 0.3,0.3 0.6,0.6  (should return 45)
0,0 0.1,0.2 0.2,0.4  (should return appx 63.435 (the real value is arctan(2)))
0,0 0,1 2,1 2,2
0,1 0,2 1,0 1,4 2,0 2,4 4,1 4,3 

我可能错过了一些有趣的测试用例。如果是这样，请发表评论以添加它们。

这是代码高尔夫球，所以最短的代码获胜！

Rev 1：Ruby，354个字节

blutorange使他进一步打高尔夫球。

->a{t=s=Math::PI/18E4
d=r=c=0
a=a.map{|e|e-a[0]}
0.upto(36E4){|i|b=a.map{|e|(e/Complex.polar(1,i*s)).rect}.transpose
m,n=b
if n.min>=f=0
l=[m.max-x=m.min,n.max].max
a.each_index{|j|f+=((l-w=n[j])*(x+l-v=m[j])*(x-v)*w)**2}
(1E-9>q=f/l**8)&&(c>0&&(i-d)%9E4%89E3>1E3?c=9E9:0;c+=1;d=i)
q<t&&(r=i)&&t=q;end}
c<101&&a[1]?c<1?'impossible':r%9E4/1.0E3:'unknown'}

Ruby，392字节

->(a){
s=Math::PI/18E4
t=1
d=r=c=0
a=a.map{|e|e-a[0]}
(0..36E4).each{|i|
b=a.map{|e|(e/Complex.polar(1,i*s)).rect}.transpose
m=b[0]
n=b[1]
x=m.min
if n.min>=0
l=[m.max-x,n.max].max
f=0
a.each_index{|j|f+=((l-n[j])*(x+l-m[j])*(x-m[j])*n[j])**2}
q=f/l**8
if q<1E-9
c>0&&(i-d)%9E4%89E3>1E3?(c=9E9):0
c+=1
d=i
end
if q<t
r=i
t=q
end
end
}
c>100||a.size<2?'unknown':c<1? 'impossible':r%9E4/1.0E3
}

算法如下：

-选择一个任意点（第一个点）并将其移动到原点（从列表中的所有点中减去该点的坐标。）

-尝试以0.001度为增量，以360度为中心围绕正方形的所有旋转。

-对于给定的旋转，如果所有点都在y轴上方，则在所有点周围绘制最小的正方形，并合并最低点和最左边的点。

-检查所有点是否在边缘上。这是通过软计算完成的，该计算将获取每个点，找到与所有边的平方距离，然后将它们相乘。这提供了很好的契合度，而不是是/否答案。据解释，如果该乘积除以边长^ 8小于1E-9，则会找到解决方案。实际上，这小于容忍度。

-最佳拟合为mod 90度，并报告为正确角度。

当前，如果找到100多个解决方案，则代码将返回一个不明确的值（分辨率为0.001度。即0.1度的公差）。

测试程序中的第一个完全起作用的功能

为了使速度合理，我将分辨率保留为所需分辨率的1/10。在最后一个测试用例上存在0.01降级的错误。

g=->(a){
 s=Math::PI/18000
 t=1
 d=r=-1
 c=0
 a=a.map{|e| e-a[0]} 

 (0..36000).each{|i| 
    b=a.map{|e|(e/Complex.polar(1,i*s)).rect}.transpose

    m=b[0]
    n=b[1]
    x=m.min

    if n.min>=0

       l=[m.max-x,n.max].max
       f=0
       a.each_index{|j|f+=((l-n[j])*(x+l-m[j])*(x-m[j])*n[j])**2}
       q=f/l**8

       if q<1E-9

         j=(i-d)%9000
         c>0&&j>100&&j<8900?(c=9E9):0 
         c+=1
         d=i
       end  

       if q<t
         r=i
         t=q
       end

     end    
  }

 print "t=",t,"   r=",r,"     c=",c,"    d=",d,"\n"
 p c>100||a.size<2?'unknown':c<1? 'impossible':r%9000/100.0   
}


#ambiguous
#g.call([Complex(0,0)])
#g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0)])
#g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0),Complex(0,1)])
#g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0),Complex(0,1),Complex(1,1)])
#g.call([Complex(0,1),Complex(0,2),Complex(1,0),Complex(1,3),Complex(2,0),Complex(2,3),Complex(3,1),Complex(3,2)])

#impossible
#g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0),Complex(2,0),Complex(3,1),Complex(4,2)])
#g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0),Complex(2,0),Complex(1,1)])
#g.call([Complex(0,1),Complex(0,2),Complex(1,0),Complex(1,3),Complex(2,0),Complex(2,3),Complex(3,1),Complex(3,2),Complex(2,2)])
#g.call([Complex(2,0),Complex(0,1),Complex(2,2),Complex(0,3)])
#g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(2,1),Complex(0,2),Complex(2,2),Complex(-1,1)])

#possible
g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0),Complex(2,0)])
g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(0.3,0.3),Complex(0.6,0.6)]) #(should return 45)
g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(0.1,0.2),Complex(0.2,0.4)]) #(should return appx 63.435 (the real value is arctan(2)))
g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(0,1),Complex(2,1),Complex(2,2)])
g.call([Complex(0,1),Complex(0,2),Complex(1,0),Complex(1,4),Complex(2,0),Complex(2,4),Complex(4,1),Complex(4,3)])

高尔夫版本，分辨率符合规格，在测试程序中每次通话大约需要一分钟。

在最后一个测试案例中，仍然存在0.001度的讨厌错误。进一步提高分辨率可能会消除它。

g=->(a){                                                            #take an array of complex numbers as input
  s=Math::PI/18E4                                                   #step size PI/180000
  t=1                                                               #best fit found so far
  d=r=c=0                                                           #angles of (d) last valid result, (r) best fit; c= hit counter
  a=a.map{|e|e-a[0]}                                                #move shape so that first point coincides with origin
  (0..36E4).each{|i|                                                #0..360000
    b=a.map{|e|(e/Complex.polar(1,i*s)).rect}.transpose             #rotate each element by dividing by unit vector of angle i*s, convert to array... 
    m=b[0]                                                          #...transpose array [[x1,y1]..[xn,yn]] to [[x1..xn],[y1..yn]]...
    n=b[1]                                                          #...and assign to variables m and n 
    x=m.min                                                         #find leftmost point
    if n.min>=0                                                     #if all points are above x axis
       l=[m.max-x,n.max].max                                        #find the sidelength of smallest square in which they will fit
       f=0                                                          #f= accumulator for errors. For each point
       a.each_index{|j|f+=((l-n[j])*(x+l-m[j])*(x-m[j])*n[j])**2}   #...add to f the product of the squared distances from each side of the smallest square containing all points
       q=f/l**8                                                     #q= f normalized with respect to the sidelength.
       if q<1E-9                                                    #consider a hit if <1E-9
         c>0&&(i-d)%9E4%89E3>1E3?(c=9E9):0                          #if at least one point is already found, and the difference between this hit and the last exceeds+/-1 deg (mod 90), set c to a high value
         c+=1                                                       #increment hit count by 1 (this catches infinitely varible cases)
         d=i                                                        #store the current hit in d
       end  
       if q<t                                                       #if current fit is better than previous one
        r=i                                                         #store the new angle
        t=q                                                         #and revise t to the new best fit.
       end             
    end
  }
  c>100||a.size<2?'unknown':c<1? 'impossible':r%9E4/1.0E3           #calculate and return value, taking special care of case where single point given.
}
#ambiguous
puts g.call([Complex(0,0)])
puts g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0)])
puts g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0),Complex(0,1)])
puts g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0),Complex(0,1),Complex(1,1)])
puts g.call([Complex(0,1),Complex(0,2),Complex(1,0),Complex(1,3),Complex(2,0),Complex(2,3),Complex(3,1),Complex(3,2)])

#impossible
puts g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0),Complex(2,0),Complex(3,1),Complex(4,2)])
puts g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0),Complex(2,0),Complex(1,1)])
puts g.call([Complex(0,1),Complex(0,2),Complex(1,0),Complex(1,3),Complex(2,0),Complex(2,3),Complex(3,1),Complex(3,2),Complex(2,2)])
puts g.call([Complex(2,0),Complex(0,1),Complex(2,2),Complex(0,3)])
puts g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(2,1),Complex(0,2),Complex(2,2),Complex(-1,1)])

#possible
puts g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(1,0),Complex(2,0)])
puts g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(0.3,0.3),Complex(0.6,0.6)]) #(should return 45)
puts g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(0.1,0.2),Complex(0.2,0.4)]) #(should return appx 63.435 (the real value is arctan(2)))
puts g.call([Complex(0,0),Complex(0,1),Complex(2,1),Complex(2,2)])
puts g.call([Complex(0,1),Complex(0,2),Complex(1,0),Complex(1,4),Complex(2,0),Complex(2,4),Complex(4,1),Complex(4,3)])

请注意，对于大约30％的代码，此算法可以适应快速工作：很明显，在解决方案数量有限的情况下，其中一条边沿一个立方体平放，因此，我们真正需要尝试的就是这些角度对应于每对顶点。还需要进行一些摆动以检查是否没有无限多个解决方案。

佩尔

您好，这是我谦虚的态度。测试用例已放入文件底部的DATA流中。该算法通过尝试错误方法得到了发展。
我承认这是一种广泛的启发式方法，但它确实非常快：它可以立即解决所有情况。
我知道会有一些错误，但是到目前为止，它可以对所有测试用例给出正确的答复。
我也知道最短的代码会获胜，但是我确信这是术语中最快的意思之一。

这是算法

1. 检查点，并为两个点之间的每个线段记录斜率，长度，x截距，y截距

2. 找到直线（即三个点或两个相邻的线段）和不同的可能斜率（假设它们是旋转的）。跟踪每行中可用的最长段。

3. 找到线段和第三个点之间的所有距离（这应该用于第4点）。跟踪最小非零距离。

4. 对于任何四个点（可能是矩形），请找到内部点

显示解决方案：

答：如果有一个或多个内部点，请说“不可能”。

B.一行：

• 如果一行中的大多数点都没有内部点，请说“可能”

• 如果点太靠近直线，请说“不可能”

  C.两行：

• 只有一次可能的旋转时说“可能”

• 旋转一圈以上时说“不可能”

  D.没有线条：找到适合其90°旋转线段的旋转

• 如果只有一个适合点或适合多个点，请说“可能”。

• 如果不止一个且不超过点，则说“不可能”

• 如果旋转适合，则说“未知”。

这是代码（所有已知的错误均已解决）

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict ;
use warnings ;
my $PI = 4*atan2( 1, 1 ) ;
my $EPS = 0.000001 ;
while ( <DATA> ) {
    if ( /^\s*#/ ) { print ; next } # print comments
    chomp ;
    my @dot = split /\s+/ ;
    my $n = scalar @dot || next ; # skip empty lines

    # too few dots
    if ( $n < 3 ) {
        print "@dot : Unknown.\n" ;
        next
    }

    my %slop = () ; # segment --> its slope
    my %leng = () ; # segment --> its length
    my %x0   = () ; # segment --> its line's x-intercept
    my %y0   = () ; # segment --> its line's y-intercept
    my %side = () ; # slope   --> list of segments (with duplicates)

    # 1. examine dots
    for my $p (@dot) {
        my ($px,$py) = split /,/, $p ;
        for my $q (@dot) {
            next if $p eq $q ;
            next if defined ( $slop{ "$q $p" } ) ;
            my $segment_name = "$p $q" ;
            my ($qx,$qy) = split /,/, $q ;
            my $dx = $px - $qx ;
            my $dy = $py - $qy ;
            my $slope = "inf" ; $slope = $dy / $dx if abs($dx) > 0 ;
            my $sd = $dx*$dx+$dy*$dy ;
            my $x0 = ( $slope eq 'inf' ? $px : "nan" ) ;
            my $y0 = ( abs($slope) > 0 ? $px : "nan" ) ;
            $x0 = $qx - $qy / $slope if abs($slope) > 0 ;
            $y0 = $qy - $qx * $slope if $slope ne "inf" ;
            push @{ $side{ $slope } }, $segment_name ;
            $slop{ $segment_name } = $slope ;
            $leng{ $segment_name } = sqrt( $sd ) ;
            $x0{ $segment_name } = $x0 ;
            $y0{ $segment_name } = $y0 ;
        }
    }

    # 2. find straight lines and distinct possible slopes (rotation)
    my %line = () ;     # slope --> segment name
    my %rotation = () ; # slope --> slope itself
    my $a_rotation ;
    for my $slope ( keys %side ) {
        my %distinct = () ;
        for my $segment_name ( @{ $side{ $slope } } ) {
            $distinct{ $segment_name } = $slope ; 
            my $rot = $slope eq 'inf' ? '0' : abs( $slope < 0 ? 1/$slope : $slope ) ;
            $rotation{ $rot } = $rot ;
            $a_rotation = $rot ;
        }
        for my $a_segm ( keys %distinct ) {
            for my $b_segm ( keys %distinct ) {
                next if $a_segm eq $b_segm ;
                # the two segment has to be adjacent
                my ($a1,$a2) = split / /, $a_segm;
                my ($b1,$b2) = split / /, $b_segm;
                next unless $a1 eq $b1 || $a1 eq $b2 || $a2 eq $b1 || $a2 eq $b2 ;
                # the two segment has to have same intercepts
                my $x0a = $x0{ $a_segm } ;
                my $x0b = $x0{ $b_segm } ;
                my $y0a = $y0{ $a_segm } ;
                my $y0b = $y0{ $b_segm } ;
                next unless $x0a eq $x0b && $y0a eq $y0b ;
                # keep the longest segment
                my $a_len = 0 ;
                $a_len = $leng{ $line{ $slope } } if defined( $line{ $slope } ) && defined( $leng{ $line{ $slope } } ) ;
                for my $segm ("$a1 $b1", "$a1 $b2", "$a2 $b1", "$a2 $b2",
                              "$b1 $a1", "$b2 $a1", "$b1 $a2", "$b2 $a2" ) {
                    next unless defined ( $leng{ $segm } ) ;
                    if ( $a_len < $leng{ $segm } ) {
                        $a_len = $leng{ $segm } ;
                        $line{ $slope } = $segm ;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    # 3. find distance between a segment and a third point
    my %distance = () ;            # segment-point --> distance
    my %distance_mani = () ;       # distance --> array of segment-point
    my %min_distance = () ;        # segment --> min distance to other dots
    for my $segment_name ( keys %slop ) {
        my $a = $slop{ $segment_name } ;
        my $b = -1 ;
        my $c = $y0{ $segment_name } ;
        my $z = $x0{ $segment_name } ;
        for my $p (@dot) {
            next if $segment_name =~ /$p/ ; # skip dots that are in the segment
            my ($px,$py) = split /,/, $p ;
            my $d = 0 ;
            if ( $a ne 'inf' ) {
                my $num = ($b * $py) + ($a * $px) + $c ;
                my $den = sqrt( $a*$a + $b*$b ) ;
                $d = abs( $num ) / $den ;
            }
            else {
                $d = abs( $px - $z );
            }
            $distance{ "$segment_name $p" } = $d ;
            push @{ $distance_mani{ $d } }, "$segment_name $p" ;
            if ( $d > 0 ) {
                $min_distance{ $segment_name } = $d if !defined ( $min_distance{ $segment_name } ) or $d < $min_distance{ $segment_name }
            }
        }
    }

    # 4. find inner dots: pick 4 dots to form a well shaped pseudo-rectangle
    #    and check for any other dot that is too close to all the 4 sides.
    my $fail = 0 ;
    RECTANGLE:
    for my $a ( @dot ) {
        for my $b ( @dot ) {
            next if $a eq $b ;
            my ($ax,$ay) = split /,/, $a ;
            my ($bx,$by) = split /,/, $b ;
            next if $ax > $bx || $ay > $by ;
            for my $c ( @dot ) {
                next if $c eq $a or $c eq $b ;
                my ($cx,$cy) = split /,/, $c ;
                next if $bx < $cx || $by > $cy ;
                for my $d ( @dot ) {
                    next if $d eq $a or $d eq $b or $d eq $c ;
                    my ($dx,$dy) = split /,/, $d ;
                    next if $cx < $dx || $cy < $dy  ;
                    next if $dx > $ax || $dy < $ay  ;
                    for my $e ( @dot ) {
                        next if $e eq $a or $e eq $b or $e eq $c or $e eq $d ;

                        my $abe = $distance{ "$a $b $e" } || $distance{ "$b $a $e" } || next ;
                        my $bce = $distance{ "$b $c $e" } || $distance{ "$c $b $e" } || next ;
                        my $cde = $distance{ "$c $d $e" } || $distance{ "$d $c $e" } || next ;
                        my $dae = $distance{ "$d $a $e" } || $distance{ "$a $d $e" } || next ;

                        my $abd = $distance{ "$a $b $d" } || $distance{ "$b $a $d" } || next ;
                        my $abc = $distance{ "$a $b $c" } || $distance{ "$b $a $c" } || next ;
                        my $bca = $distance{ "$b $c $a" } || $distance{ "$c $b $a" } || next ;
                        my $bcd = $distance{ "$b $c $d" } || $distance{ "$c $b $d" } || next ;
                        my $cdb = $distance{ "$c $d $b" } || $distance{ "$d $c $b" } || next ;
                        my $cda = $distance{ "$c $d $a" } || $distance{ "$d $c $a" } || next ;
                        my $dac = $distance{ "$d $a $c" } || $distance{ "$a $d $c" } || next ; 
                        my $dab = $distance{ "$d $a $b" } || $distance{ "$a $d $b" } || next ; 

                        if ( $abd > $abe && $abc > $abe && 
                             $bca > $bce && $bcd > $bce &&
                             $cdb > $cde && $cda > $cde &&
                             $dac > $dae && $dab > $dae) {
                            ## print "     $a $b $c $d --> $e\n";
                            $fail ++ ;
                            last RECTANGLE ;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if ( $fail ) {
        print "@dot : Impossible.\n" ;
        next # DATA 
    }

    my $m = scalar keys %rotation ; # how many distinct slopes
    my $r = scalar keys %line ; # how many lines i.e. >3 dots in a straight line

    print "@dot : " ;
    # most of dots lie in single line without inner dots
    if ( $r == 1 ) {
        $a_rotation = (keys %line)[0] ;
        my $a_segment = $line{ $a_rotation } ;
        my $a_dist = $min_distance{ $a_segment } || 0 ;
        if ( $a_dist && $a_dist < $leng{ $a_segment } ) {
            print "Impossible.\n"  ;
        }
        else {
            print "Possible. --> " . sprintf("%.3f deg", 180 / $PI * atan2( $a_rotation, 1 ) ) . "\n" ;
        }
        next # DATA
    }
    # two lines
    if ( $r == 2 ) {
        print "Impossible.\n" if $m > 1 ;
        print "Possible. --> " .
            sprintf("%.3f deg", 180 / $PI * atan2( $a_rotation, 1 ) ) . "\n" if $m == 1 ;  # never?
        next ; # DATA
    }
    # no lines
    if ( $r == 0 ) {
        # match between segment rotation and other side
        my $count = 0 ;
        my $numeros = 0 ;
        for my $slope ( keys %rotation ) {
            my $rot = $slope eq '0' ? 'inf' : -1/$slope ;
            if ( exists $side{ $rot } ) {
                $count++ ;
                my $u = scalar @{ $side{ $rot } } ;
                if ( $numeros < $u ) {
                    $numeros = $u ;
                    $a_rotation = $slope ;
                }
            }
        }
        print "Possible. --> " .
            sprintf("%.3f deg", 180 / $PI * atan2( $a_rotation, 1 ) ) . "\n" if $count < 2 or $count == $n ;
        print "Unknown.\n"    if $count == $m ;
        print "Impossible.\n"    if $count > 2 && $count != $n && $count != $m;
        next # DATA
    }
    # there are lines
    print "lines $r " ;
    my $shorter = 0 ;
    my $longer = 0 ;
    for my $slope ( keys %line ) {
        for my $dis ( keys %distance_mani ) {
            $shorter++ ;
            $longer++ ;
        }
    }
    print "ACK! WHAT IS THIS CASE! n=$n, m=$m, r=$r\n" ;
    1 ;
}

1;

__DATA__
# Unknown:

0,0
0,0 1,0
0,0 1,0 0,1
0,0 1,0 0,1 1,1
0,1 0,2 1,0 1,3 2,0 2,3 3,1 3,2

# Impossible:

0,0 1,0 2,0 3,1 4,2
0,0 1,0 2,0 1,1
0,1 0,2 1,0 1,3 2,0 2,3 3,1 3,2 2,2
2,0 0,1 2,2 0,3
0,0 2,1 0,2 2,2 -1,1

# Possible (if not designated, should return 0):

0,0 1,0 2,0 1,2
0,0 1,0 2,0 0.5,2.1

0,0 1,0 2,0
0,0 1,0 2,0 1,2
0,0 0.3,0.3 0.6,0.6
0,0 0.1,0.2 0.2,0.4
0,0 0,1 2,1 2,2
0,1 0,2 1,0 1,4 2,0 2,4 4,1 4,3

这是它的输出

# Unknown:
0,0 : Unknown.
0,0 1,0 : Unknown.
0,0 1,0 0,1 : Unknown.
0,0 1,0 0,1 1,1 : Unknown.
0,1 0,2 1,0 1,3 2,0 2,3 3,1 3,2 : Unknown.
# Impossible:
0,0 1,0 2,0 3,1 4,2 : Impossible.
0,0 1,0 2,0 1,1 : Impossible.
0,1 0,2 1,0 1,3 2,0 2,3 3,1 3,2 2,2 : Impossible.
2,0 0,1 2,2 0,3 : Impossible.
0,0 2,1 0,2 2,2 -1,1 : Impossible.
# Possible (if not designated, should return 0):
0,0 1,0 2,0 1,2 : Possible. --> 0.000 deg
0,0 1,0 2,0 0.5,2.1 : Possible. --> 0.000 deg
0,0 1,0 2,0 : Possible. --> 0.000 deg
0,0 1,0 2,0 1,2 : Possible. --> 0.000 deg
0,0 0.3,0.3 0.6,0.6 : Possible. --> 45.000 deg
0,0 0.1,0.2 0.2,0.4 : Possible. --> 63.435 deg
0,0 0,1 2,1 2,2 : Possible. --> 0.000 deg
0,1 0,2 1,0 1,4 2,0 2,4 4,1 4,3 : Possible. --> 0.000 deg

问候。

Matteo。