似乎简单地更改C ++文件（尤其是使用模板）会产生错误页面。这场比赛的目的是要了解最大的“价格便宜”，即输出错误最少，对源代码的更改最少（添加1个字符）。

因为其他语言更加理智，所以这将限于C ++和gcc版本4.x。

规则

1. 原始源文件必须使用gcc 4.9.2编译为目标代码，且没有错误。

2. 将一个ASCII字符添加到源代码中以创建拼写错误，从而将文件大小增加1个字节。

3. 编译器使用默认选项运行。必需的选项（如-c和-std=c++11允许），不允许的选项（如）-Wall。

4. 指标是

       number of bytes of generated error messages
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------
       (bytes of source code with typo) (length of filename passed to compiler)
   

5. 答案将通过http://ideone.com/ C ++ 4.9.2 进行验证。

例：

文件名是a.cpp，长度为5个字节。

int foo();

工作编译

 gcc -c a.cpp

损坏的源代码：

in t foo();

编译失败

$ gcc -c a.cpp
a.cpp:1:1: error: ‘in’ does not name a type
in t foo();
  ^
$ gcc -c a.cpp |& -c wc
64
$ wc -c a.cpp
12 a.cpp

得分：64/12/5 = 1.0666

更好的尝试：{在foo()

$ gcc -c a.cpp |& wc -c
497

新分数：497/12/5 = 8.283

祝好运！

更新

我鼓励人们忽略递归实现。从技术上讲，这是赢家，但并非本着竞赛精神。

更新2

正如许多人指出的那样，如果不允许使用C预处理程序，那么比赛可能会更有趣。因此，我想鼓励人们发布根本不使用预处理器命令的解决方案。这意味着根本不使用任何头文件，因为这#include是不允许的！

就使用IDEONE进行验证而言，您可以直接使用IDEONE输出（源名称为prog.cpp），也可以通过全局搜索运行IDEONE输出并替换（s/prog.cpp/a.cc/例如）并假装您能够直接设置文件名。

更新3

正如人们指出的那样，Ideone的限制有点太严格，不仅需要创建目标文件，还需要链接。由于本次比赛纯粹是出于娱乐的目的，因此请诚实地说，并指定您用来获得分数的方式。可以使用ideone，也可以使用gcc 4.9.2的最原始版本（所有默认设置）。竞赛旨在使人们意识到C ++错误消息的严重性。

gcc 4.5.2，得分：8577.15（或文件名“ aC”的14367.49，以后可能会更新）

原始文件，29字节，编译干净（a.cpp）：

#if 0
#include"a.cpp"
#endif

修改后的文件，30字节：

#iff 0
#include"a.cpp"
#endif

错误：

$ gcc -c a.cpp 2>&1 | wc -c
1286873

得分：

1286873 /（30 * 5）= 8579.15

错误输出的头和尾：

a.cpp:1:2: error: invalid preprocessing directive #iff
In file included from a.cpp:2:0:
a.cpp:1:2: error: invalid preprocessing directive #iff
In file included from a.cpp:2:0,
                 from a.cpp:2:
a.cpp:1:2: error: invalid preprocessing directive #iff
In file included from a.cpp:2:0,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2:
a.cpp:1:2: error: invalid preprocessing directive #iff
In file included from a.cpp:2:0,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2:
a.cpp:1:2: error: invalid preprocessing directive #iff
In file included from a.cpp:2:0,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2:
a.cpp:1:2: error: invalid preprocessing directive #iff
In file included from a.cpp:2:0,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2:

... And so on, backing out with second error after max include depth:

a.cpp:3:2: error: #endif without #if
In file included from a.cpp:2:0,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2:
a.cpp:3:2: error: #endif without #if
In file included from a.cpp:2:0,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2:
a.cpp:3:2: error: #endif without #if
In file included from a.cpp:2:0,
                 from a.cpp:2,
                 from a.cpp:2:
a.cpp:3:2: error: #endif without #if
In file included from a.cpp:2:0,
                 from a.cpp:2:
a.cpp:3:2: error: #endif without #if
In file included from a.cpp:2:0:
a.cpp:3:2: error: #endif without #if
a.cpp:3:2: error: #endif without #if

_{注意：
-如果.C最终有资格获得有效的扩展名，则得分为1,206,869 /（28 * 3）= 14,367.49。
-如果添加了丹尼斯建议的第二个#include，则文件名为“ a.cpp”，得分为80,797,292,934 /（46 * 5）= 351,292,578.97}

GCC 4.9.2，得分：222898664 663393783

这很大程度上是基于@JasonC的答案，但他说他不想因为这项改进而功劳。

下面的代码的错误输出是126,044,818,789字节长。该分数在理论上应该高得多（并且随着include语句数量的增加，趋于无穷大），但实际上，通过添加更多include语句，分数会降低。

原始文件（37字节）

/*#
#include"w.cpp"
#include"w.cpp"*/

$ gcc -c w.cpp
$

修改的文件（38字节）

/
*#
#include"w.cpp"
#include"w.cpp"*/

$ gcc -c w.cpp
w.cpp:2:2: error: stray ‘#’ in program
 *#
  ^
In file included from w.cpp:3:0:
w.cpp:2:2: error: stray ‘#’ in program
 *#
  ^
In file included from w.cpp:3:0,
                 from w.cpp:3:
w.cpp:2:2: error: stray ‘#’ in program
 *#
  ^
In file included from w.cpp:3:0,
                 from w.cpp:3,
                 from w.cpp:3:
w.cpp:2:2: error: stray ‘#’ in program
 *#
  ^
In file included from w.cpp:3:0,
                 from w.cpp:3,
                 from w.cpp:3,
                 from w.cpp:3:
⋮
w.cpp:2:2: error: stray ‘#’ in program
 *#
  ^
w.cpp:3:0: error: #include nested too deeply
 #include"w.cpp"
 ^
w.cpp:4:0: warning: extra tokens at end of #include directive
 #include"w.cpp"*/
 ^
w.cpp:4:0: error: #include nested too deeply
w.cpp:2: confused by earlier errors, bailing out
The bug is not reproducible, so it is likely a hardware or OS problem.

gcc，4.9.2，得分：22.2

原始文件：0个字节（a.cpp）

编译干净：

$ gcc -c a.cpp |& wc -c
0

修改后的文件：

(

错误：

$ gcc -c a.cpp |& wc -c
111

得分

111/1/5 = 22.2

11,126.95 9,105.44 2,359.37 1,645.94 266.88点

更多预处理器滥用！这次，我们正在使标准库哭泣。

无错字：

#define typedf
#include<fstream>

错别字：

#define typedef
#include<fstream>

错误：

In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.9/iosfwd:39:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/ios:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/istream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/fstream:38,
                 from a.C:2:
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/stringfwd.h:62:33: error: aggregate ‘std::basic_string<char> std::string’ has incomplete type and cannot be defined
   typedef basic_string<char>    string;   
                                 ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/stringfwd.h:68:33: error: aggregate ‘std::basic_string<wchar_t> std::wstring’ has incomplete type and cannot be defined
   typedef basic_string<wchar_t> wstring;   
                                 ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/stringfwd.h:78:34: error: aggregate ‘std::basic_string<char16_t> std::u16string’ has incomplete type and cannot be defined
   typedef basic_string<char16_t> u16string; 
                                  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/stringfwd.h:81:34: error: aggregate ‘std::basic_string<char32_t> std::u32string’ has incomplete type and cannot be defined
   typedef basic_string<char32_t> u32string; 
                                  ^
In file included from /usr/include/wchar.h:36:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/cwchar:44,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/postypes.h:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/iosfwd:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/ios:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/istream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/fstream:38,
                 from a.C:2:
/usr/include/stdio.h:48:25: error: aggregate ‘_IO_FILE FILE’ has incomplete type and cannot be defined
 typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;
                         ^
/usr/include/stdio.h:64:25: error: aggregate ‘_IO_FILE __FILE’ has incomplete type and cannot be defined
 typedef struct _IO_FILE __FILE;
                         ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.9/cwchar:44:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/postypes.h:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/iosfwd:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/ios:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/istream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/fstream:38,
                 from a.C:2:
/usr/include/wchar.h:106:9: error: ‘__mbstate_t’ does not name a type
 typedef __mbstate_t mbstate_t;
         ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:151:38: error: ‘size_t’ is not a type
     const wchar_t *__restrict __src, size_t __n)
                                      ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:159:38: error: ‘size_t’ is not a type
     const wchar_t *__restrict __src, size_t __n)
                                      ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:166:63: error: ‘size_t’ is not a type
 extern int wcsncmp (const wchar_t *__s1, const wchar_t *__s2, size_t __n)
                                                               ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:176:4: error: ‘size_t’ is not a type
    size_t __n) __THROW;
    ^
In file included from /usr/include/wchar.h:180:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/cwchar:44,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/postypes.h:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/iosfwd:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/ios:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/istream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/fstream:38,
                 from a.C:2:
/usr/include/xlocale.h:42:9: error: ‘__locale_t’ does not name a type
 typedef __locale_t locale_t;
         ^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.9/cwchar:44:0,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/postypes.h:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/iosfwd:40,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/ios:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/istream:38,
                 from /usr/include/c++/4.9/fstream:38,
                 from a.C:2:
/usr/include/wchar.h:183:5: error: ‘__locale_t’ is not a type
     __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
     ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:186:6: error: ‘size_t’ is not a type
      size_t __n, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
      ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:186:18: error: ‘__locale_t’ is not a type
      size_t __n, __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
                  ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:196:8: error: ‘size_t’ does not name a type
 extern size_t wcsxfrm (wchar_t *__restrict __s1,
        ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:207:9: error: ‘__locale_t’ is not a type
         __locale_t __loc) __THROW;
         ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:212:8: error: ‘size_t’ does not name a type
 extern size_t wcsxfrm_l (wchar_t *__s1, const wchar_t *__s2,
        ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:252:8: error: ‘size_t’ does not name a type
 extern size_t wcscspn (const wchar_t *__wcs, const wchar_t *__reject)
        ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:256:8: error: ‘size_t’ does not name a type
 extern size_t wcsspn (const wchar_t *__wcs, const wchar_t *__accept)
        ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:287:8: error: ‘size_t’ does not name a type
 extern size_t wcslen (const wchar_t *__s) __THROW __attribute_pure__;
        ^
/usr/include/wchar.h:306:8: error: ‘size_t’ does not name a type
 extern size_t wcsnlen (const wchar_t *__s, size_t __maxlen)
        ^

[SNIP]

/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/fstream.tcc:934:35: error: ‘cur’ is not a member of ‘std::ios_base’
    __testvalid = this->seekoff(0, ios_base::cur, _M_mode)
                                   ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/fstream.tcc:934:50: error: ‘_M_mode’ was not declared in this scope
    __testvalid = this->seekoff(0, ios_base::cur, _M_mode)
                                                  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/fstream.tcc:941:25: error: ‘_M_state_last’ was not declared in this scope
    + _M_codecvt->length(_M_state_last, _M_ext_buf,
                         ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/fstream.tcc:944:15: error: ‘streamsize’ does not name a type
         const streamsize __remainder = _M_ext_end - _M_ext_next;
               ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/fstream.tcc:945:13: error: ‘__remainder’ was not declared in this scope
         if (__remainder)
             ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/fstream.tcc:949:35: error: ‘__remainder’ was not declared in this scope
         _M_ext_end = _M_ext_buf + __remainder;
                                   ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/fstream.tcc:951:25: error: ‘_M_state_cur’ was not declared in this scope
         _M_state_last = _M_state_cur = _M_state_beg;
                         ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/fstream.tcc:951:40: error: ‘_M_state_beg’ was not declared in this scope
         _M_state_last = _M_state_cur = _M_state_beg;
                                        ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/fstream.tcc:960:2: error: ‘_M_codecvt’ was not declared in this scope
  _M_codecvt = _M_codecvt_tmp;
  ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/fstream.tcc:960:15: error: ‘_M_codecvt_tmp’ was not declared in this scope
  _M_codecvt = _M_codecvt_tmp;
               ^
/usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/fstream.tcc:962:2: error: ‘_M_codecvt’ was not declared in this scope
  _M_codecvt = 0;
  ^

在我的Ubuntu计算机上，g++-4.9 -std=c++11 -c a.C生成1101568个光荣字节的错误，得分为1101568/33/3 = 11,126.95。

62.93点

只是一些C ++ meta black magic，使用g++-4.8 -c -std=c++11 a.cc以下命令编译：

#include<memory>
template<int n>class B:std::unique_ptr<B<n-1>>{};template<>class B<0>{};B<-1>x;

取消高尔夫：

#include <memory>

template<int n>
class B: std::unique_ptr<B<n-1>> {};

template<>
class B<0> {};

B<-1>x;

G ++的递归限制为900，因此将其更改B<1>为B<-1>31位范围会产生有趣的效果。

• 96字节的代码（不算最后的\n一些文本编辑器会自动添加，vim没有）。
• 4个字母的文件名， a.cc
• 错误消息为24165字节，并且被截断了。完整的错误消息具有惊人的1235889字节的内容。这将需要-ftemplate-backtrace-limit=0开关。对我来说，这也意味着3185分！

std::unique_ptr 只是设法发出最长错误消息的模板类，它是通过反复试验以及对STL，猫和猫的知识而发现的。

得分7.865

严格来说，0字节的答案是不正确的，因为ideone.com将拒绝编译文件而不会出现错误。该示例也是如此int foo();-无法在ideone.com上编译（由于缺少声誉，我无法发表评论...）

因此，无需任何编译即可最小的程序#includes是：

int main(){}

如果将其更改为以下代码，它将失败，并显示409个字节的错误代码（在从ideone.com输出中将prog.cpp重命名为a.cc之后）：

int main(){[}

409 /（13 * 4）= 7.865

请相应地更新问题，因为给出的示例不遵守给定的规则...

C，命名为 .cc

main(){constexprs a(){*(int*)0=f;}a(0)}

错误代码：

.code.tio.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
.code.tio.cpp:1:8: error: ‘constexprs’ was not declared in this scope
 main(){constexprs int a(f){*(int*)0=f;}a(0);}
        ^~~~~~~~~~
.code.tio.cpp:1:8: note: suggested alternative: ‘__cpp_constexpr’
 main(){constexprs int a(f){*(int*)0=f;}a(0);}
        ^~~~~~~~~~
        __cpp_constexpr
.code.tio.cpp:1:40: error: ‘a’ was not declared in this scope
 main(){constexprs int a(f){*(int*)0=f;}a(0);}

得分12.xx（删除字符会出错）

请原谅规则2的违反（恕我直言，按照规则的精神添加或删除一个字符），但这是我偶然发生的（因此，没有使用任何“故意的”辱骂性技巧），同时编写了Real Code（TM） -工作代码和导致错误的代码都很简单明了，所以我认为它很整洁，可以包含在这里。原始码

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
cout<<"test"<<endl;
}

产生错误的代码（最后一个'<'已删除，因此看起来像是小于比较，但不行...）

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
cout<<"test"<endl;
}

在ideone.com g ++ 4.3.2中，它仅是8241字节的编译器错误消息。