https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connect_Four

有人记得2人游戏连接4个吗？对于那些不喜欢的人来说，那是一块6x7的板，它垂直于表面。连接4的目标是连接4！如果连接是水平的，对角的或垂直的，则将其计算在内。您可以通过以下方式将棋子放置在板上：在棋子的顶部插入棋子，使其落在该棋子的底部。我们的规则更改了连接4中的3件事。

• 变更＃1获胜定义为得分最高的玩家。您可以通过像规则中那样连接4来获得积分-稍后再介绍。
• 变更＃2您每轮有3个玩家。
• 变更＃3电路板尺寸为9x9。

得分：

分数基于您连续获得的分数。如果您有一个连续的4组，您将获得1分。如果您在连续5组中获得5分，则在3行中获得6分，依此类推。

例子：

_{注意o和x分别用#和代替~，以获得更好的对比}

空棋盘示例：（所有示例均为2人标准尺寸棋盘）

   a b c d e f g
6 | | | | | | | |
5 | | | | | | | |
4 | | | | | | | |
3 | | | | | | | |
2 | | | | | | | |
1 |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|

如果我们在coll中放一块d，它会降落在适当的位置1d。

   a b c d e f g
6 | | | | | | | |
5 | | | | | | | |
4 | | | | | | | |
3 | | | | | | | |
2 | | | | | | | |
1 |_|_|_|#|_|_|_|

如果现在d再次在coll中放入一块，它将落在location上2d。以下是连续4个位置的示例：

   a b c d e f g
6 | | | | | | | |
5 | | | | | | | |
4 | | | |~| | | |
3 | | |~|#| | | |
2 | |~|#|~| |#| |
1 |~|#|~|#|_|#|_|

在这种情况下x，对角线（1a 2b 3c 4d）得到1点。

  a b c d e f g
6 | | | | | | | |
5 | | | | | | | |
4 | | | |#| | | |
3 | | | |#| | | |
2 | | | |#| | | |
1 |_|~|_|#|~|_|~|

在这种情况下，o垂直获得1点（1d 2d 3d 4d）。

   a b c d e f g
6 | | | | | | | |
5 | | | | | | | |
4 | | | | | | | |
3 | | | | | | | |
2 | | |#|#|#|#| |
1 |_|_|~|~|~|~|~|

在这种情况下o，水平获得2点（1c 1d 1e 1f 1g），x水平获得1点（2c 2d 2e 2f）。

   a b c d e f g
6 | | |#| | | | |
5 | | |#| | | | |
4 | | |#| | | | |
3 | | |#| | |~| |
2 |~| |#| | |#|~|
1 |~|_|#|~| |~|~|

这次x获得了6分（1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c）的3分。

输入输出

您将可以通过二维阵列访问电路板。每个位置将以int代表玩家ID 的形式表示。您还将把您的玩家ID传递给函数。您可以通过返回要放入的列来采取行动。每回合将选出3名选手参加比赛。在游戏结束时，所有玩家都将玩均匀数量的游戏。

目前将进行10万发回合（请注意，这需要花费很长时间，您可能希望减少它以进行快速周转测试）。总体而言，获胜者是获胜最多的玩家。

控制器可以在这里找到：https : //github.com/JJ-Atkinson/Connect-n/tree/master。

编写机器人：

要编写机器人，您必须扩展Player该类。Player是抽象的，有一种实现方法int makeMove(void)。在其中，makeMove您将决定要放入哪个列。如果您选择了无效的列队（例如，列队不存在，列队已经被填满），您的回合将被跳过。在Player课堂上，您有许多有用的辅助方法。最重要的清单如下：

• boolean ensureValidMove(int coll)：如果 coll在板上并且尚未填充coll，则返回true 。
• int[] getBoardSize()：返回一个int数组，其中[0]是列[1]数和行数。
• int[][] getBoard()：退还电路板的副本。您应该这样访问它：[coll number][row number from bottom]。
• 要找到其余的内容，请看Player课。
• EMPTY_CELL：空单元格的值

由于这将是多线程的，因此random如果需要，我还提供了一个函数。

调试您的机器人：

我在控制器中包含了一些东西，以使其更易于调试机器人。第一个是Runner#SHOW_STATISTICS。如果启用此功能，您将看到已打出的玩家组的打印输出，包括机器人获胜的次数。例：

OnePlayBot, PackingBot, BuggyBot, 
OnePlayBot -> 6
PackingBot -> 5
BuggyBot -> 3
Draw -> 1

您也可以与该connectn.game.CustomGame班级一起制作自定义游戏，您可以查看每个回合的得分和获胜者。您甚至可以使用添加自己UserBot。

添加您的机器人：

要将您的机器人添加到阵容中，请转到PlayerFactory静态块并添加以下行：

playerCreator.put(MyBot.class, MyBot::new);

其他注意事项：

• 模拟是多线程的。如果您要关闭此功能，请转到Runner#runGames()并注释此行（.parallel()）。
• 要更改游戏数量，请Runner#MINIMUM_NUMBER_OF_GAMES根据自己的喜好进行设置。

稍后添加：

• 禁止漫游器之间进行通信。

相关：玩Connect 4！

===============================

计分板：（100 000场比赛）

MaxGayne -> 22662
RowBot -> 17884
OnePlayBot -> 10354
JealousBot -> 10140
Progressive -> 7965
Draw -> 7553
StraightForwardBot -> 7542
RandomBot -> 6700
PackingBot -> 5317
BasicBlockBot -> 1282
BuggyBot -> 1114
FairDiceRoll -> 853
Steve -> 634

===============================

马克斯·盖恩

该机器人主要根据连接零件的长度为每个位置分配分数。看起来3个动作深入检查了每个阶段的3个最佳动作，并选择了预期得分最高的动作。

package connectn.players;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

public class MaxGayne extends Player {
    private static final int PLAYERS = 3;

    private static class Result {
        protected final int[] score;
        protected int lastCol;

        public Result(int[] score, int lastCol) {
            super();
            this.score = score;
            this.lastCol = lastCol;
        }

        public Result() {
            this(new int[PLAYERS], -1);
        }

        public Result(Result other) {
            this(new int[PLAYERS], other.lastCol);
            System.arraycopy(other.score, 0, this.score, 0, PLAYERS);
        }

        public int getRelativeScore(int player) {
            int max = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            for (int i = 0; i < PLAYERS; ++ i) {
                if (i != player && score[i] > max) {
                    max = score[i];
                }
            }
            return score[player] - max;
        }
    }

    private static class Board extends Result {
        private final int cols;
        private final int rows;
        private final int[] data;
        private final int[] used;

        public Board(int cols, int rows) {
            super();
            this.cols = cols;
            this.rows = rows;
            this.data = new int[cols * rows];
            Arrays.fill(this.data, -1);
            this.used = new int[cols];
        }

        public Board(Board other) {
            super(other);
            this.cols = other.cols;
            this.rows = other.rows;
            this.data = new int[cols * rows];
            System.arraycopy(other.data, 0, this.data, 0, this.data.length);
            this.used = new int[cols];
            System.arraycopy(other.used, 0, this.used, 0, this.used.length);
        }

        private void updatePartScore(int player, int length, int open, int factor) {
            switch (length) {
                case 1:
                    score[player] += factor * open;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    score[player] += factor * (100 + open * 10);
                    break;
                case 3:
                    score[player] += factor * (10_000 + open * 1_000);
                    break;
                default:
                    score[player] += factor * ((length - 3) * 1_000_000 + open * 100_000);
                    break;
            }
        }

        private void updateLineScore(int col, int row, int colOff, int rowOff, int length, int factor) {
            int open = 0;
            int player = -1;
            int partLength = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < length; ++ i) {
                int newPlayer = data[(col + i * colOff) * rows + row + i * rowOff];
                if (newPlayer < 0) {
                    if (player < 0) {
                        if (i == 0) {
                            open = 1;
                        }
                    } else {
                        updatePartScore(player, partLength, open + 1, factor);
                        open = 1;
                        player = newPlayer;
                        partLength = 0;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (newPlayer == player) {
                        ++ partLength;
                    } else {
                        if (player >= 0) {
                            updatePartScore(player, partLength, open, factor);
                            open = 0;
                        }
                        player = newPlayer;
                        partLength = 1;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (player >= 0) {
                updatePartScore(player, partLength, open, factor);
            }
        }

        private void updateIntersectionScore(int col, int row, int factor) {
            updateLineScore(col, 0, 0, 1, rows, factor);
            updateLineScore(0, row, 1, 0, cols, factor);
            if (row > col) {
                updateLineScore(0, row - col, 1, 1, Math.min(rows - row, cols), factor);
            } else {
                updateLineScore(col - row, 0, 1, 1, Math.min(cols - col, rows), factor);
            }
            if (row > cols - col - 1) {
                updateLineScore(cols - 1, row - (cols - col - 1), -1, 1, Math.min(rows - row, cols), factor);
            } else {
                updateLineScore(col + row, 0, -1, 1, Math.min(col + 1, rows), factor);
            }
        }

        private void updatePiece(int player, int col, int row) {
            updateIntersectionScore(col, row, -1);
            data[col * rows + row] = player;
            ++ used[col];
            lastCol = col;
            updateIntersectionScore(col, row, 1);
        }

        public Board updatePiece(int player, int col) {
            int row = used[col];
            if (row >= rows) {
                return null;
            } else {
                Board result = new Board(this);
                result.updatePiece(player, col, row);
                return result;
            }
        }

        private void updateBoard(int[][] board) {
            for (int col = 0; col < cols; ++ col) {
                for (int row = 0; row < rows; ++ row) {
                    int oldPlayer = data[col * rows + row];
                    int newPlayer = board[col][row] - 1;
                    if (newPlayer < 0) {
                        if (oldPlayer < 0) {
                            break;
                        } else {
                            throw new RuntimeException("[" + col + ", " + row + "] == "  + oldPlayer + " >= 0");
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (oldPlayer < 0) {
                            updatePiece(newPlayer, col, row);
                        } else if (newPlayer != oldPlayer) {
                            throw new RuntimeException("[" + col + ", " + row + "] == "  + oldPlayer + " >= " + newPlayer);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private Result bestMove(int depth, int player) {
            List<Board> boards = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int col = 0; col < cols; ++ col) {
                Board board = updatePiece(player, col);
                if (board != null) {
                    boards.add(board);
                }
            }
            if (boards.isEmpty()) {
                return null;
            }
            Collections.sort(boards, (o1, o2) -> Integer.compare(o2.getRelativeScore(player), o1.getRelativeScore(player)));
            if (depth <= 1) {
                return new Result(boards.get(0).score, boards.get(0).lastCol);
            }
            List<Result> results = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 3 && i < boards.size(); ++ i) {
                Board board = boards.get(i);
                Result result = board.bestMove(depth - 1, (player + 1) % PLAYERS);
                if (result == null) {
                    results.add(new Result(board.score, board.lastCol));
                } else {
                    results.add(new Result(result.score, board.lastCol));
                }
            }
            Collections.sort(results, (o1, o2) -> Integer.compare(o2.getRelativeScore(player), o1.getRelativeScore(player)));
            return results.get(0);
        }
    }

    private Board board = null;

    @Override
    public int makeMove() {
        if (board == null) {
            int[][] data = getBoard();
            board = new Board(data.length, data[0].length);
            board.updateBoard(data);
        } else {
            board.updateBoard(getBoard());
        }

        Result result = board.bestMove(3, getID() - 1);
        return result == null ? -1 : result.lastCol;
    }
}

RowBot

全方位查看并确定最佳列。尝试连接他的棋子，同时不要让他的对手做同样的事情。

package connectn.players;

import connectn.game.Game;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class RowBot extends Player {

    @Override
    public int makeMove() {
        int[][] board = getBoard();
        int best = -1;
        int bestScore = -10;
        for (int col = 0; col < board.length; col++) {
            if (ensureValidMove(col)) {
                int score = score(board, col, false);
                score -= score(board, col, true);
                if (score > bestScore) {
                    bestScore = score;
                    best = col;
                }
            }
        }
        return best;
    }

    private int score(int[][] board, int col, boolean simulateMode) {
        int me = getID();
        int row = getLowestEmptyRow(board, col);
        List<Score> scores = new ArrayList<>();
        if (!simulateMode) {
            scores.add(getScoreVertical(board, col, row));
        } else {
            row += 1;
        }
        scores.addAll(getScoreHorizontal(board, col, row));
        scores.addAll(getScoreDiagonal(board, col, row));
        int score = 0;
        for (Score s : scores) {
            if (s.player == me) {
                score += s.points > 2 ? 100 : s.points * 5;
            } else if (s.player != Game.EMPTY_CELL) {
                score += s.points > 2 ? 50 : 0;
            } else {
                score += 1;
            }
        }
        return score;
    }

    private Score getScoreVertical(int[][] board, int col, int row) {
        return getScore(board, col, row, 0, -1);
    }

    private List<Score> getScoreHorizontal(int[][] board, int col, int row) {
        List<Score> scores = new ArrayList<>();

        Score left = getScore(board, col, row, -1, 0);
        Score right = getScore(board, col, row, 1, 0);
        if (left.player == right.player) {
            left.points += right.points;
            scores.add(left);
        } else {
            scores.add(left);
            scores.add(right);
        }
        return scores;
    }

    private List<Score> getScoreDiagonal(int[][] board, int col, int row) {
        List<Score> scores = new ArrayList<>();

        Score leftB = getScore(board, col, row, -1, -1);
        Score rightU = getScore(board, col, row, 1, 1);
        Score leftBottomToRightUp = leftB;
        if (leftB.player == rightU.player) {
            leftBottomToRightUp.points += rightU.points;
        } else if (leftB.points < rightU.points || leftB.player == Game.EMPTY_CELL) {
            leftBottomToRightUp = rightU;
        }

        Score leftU = getScore(board, col, row, -1, 1);
        Score rightB = getScore(board, col, row, 1, -1);
        Score rightBottomToLeftUp = leftU;
        if (leftU.player == rightB.player) {
            rightBottomToLeftUp.points += rightB.points;
        } else if (leftU.points < rightB.points || leftU.player == Game.EMPTY_CELL) {
            rightBottomToLeftUp = rightB;
        }

        if (leftBottomToRightUp.player == rightBottomToLeftUp.player) {
            leftBottomToRightUp.points += rightBottomToLeftUp.points;
            scores.add(leftBottomToRightUp);
        } else {
            scores.add(leftBottomToRightUp);
            scores.add(rightBottomToLeftUp);
        }
        return scores;
    }

    private Score getScore(int[][] board, int initCol, int initRow, int colOffset, int rowOffset) {
        Score score = new Score();
        outerLoop: for (int c = initCol + colOffset;; c += colOffset) {
            for (int r = initRow + rowOffset;; r += rowOffset) {
                if (outside(c, r) || board[c][r] == Game.EMPTY_CELL) {
                    break outerLoop;
                }
                if (score.player == Game.EMPTY_CELL) {
                    score.player = board[c][r];
                }

                if (score.player == board[c][r]) {
                    score.points++;
                } else {
                    break outerLoop;
                }

                if (rowOffset == 0) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (colOffset == 0) {
                break;
            }
        }
        return score;
    }

    private boolean outside(int col, int row) {
        return !boardContains(col, row);
    }

    private int getLowestEmptyRow(int[][] board, int col) {
        int[] rows = board[col];
        for (int row = 0; row < rows.length; row++) {
            if (rows[row] == Game.EMPTY_CELL){
                return row;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    private class Score {
        private int player = Game.EMPTY_CELL;
        private int points = 0;
    }
}

OnePlayBot

该机器人只有一个玩法-将其片段放置在有效的最左侧单元格中。奇怪的是，它做的还不错；）

static class OnePlayBot extends Player {
    @Override
    int makeMove() {
        int attemptedMove = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < getBoardSize()[0]; i++)
            if (ensureValidMove(i)) {
                attemptedMove = i;
                break;
            }

        return attemptedMove;
    }
}

RandomBot

只要在有效的地方放一块。

static class RandomBot extends Player {
    @Override
    int makeMove() {
        int attemptedMove = (int)Math.round(random() * getBoardSize()[0]);
        while (!ensureValidMove(attemptedMove))
            attemptedMove = (int)Math.round(random() * getBoardSize()[0]);

        return attemptedMove;
    }
}

直进

与OnePlayBot相似，但考虑到了最后一步，并在此有效的下一列播放。

static class StraightForwardBot extends Player {
    private int lastMove = 0;

    @Override
    int makeMove() { 
        for (int i = lastMove + 1; i < getBoardSize()[0]; i++) {
            if (ensureValidMove(i)) {
                lastMove = i;
                return i;
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < lastMove; i++) {
            if (ensureValidMove(i)) {
                lastMove = i;
                return i;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
}

嫉妒的宝

该机器人讨厌其他玩家。而且他不喜欢他把棋子丢在板上。因此，他努力成为最后一位在专栏中丢下一块的人。

public class JealousBot extends Player {

    @Override
    public int makeMove() {
        int move = 0;
        boolean madeMove = false;
        int[] boardSize = getBoardSize();
        int id = getID();
        int[][] board = getBoard();

        if(getTurn()!=0) {
            for(int col = 0; col<boardSize[0]; col++) {
                for(int row = 0; row<boardSize[1]; row++) {
                    if(ensureValidMove(col)) {
                        if(board[col][row]!=EMPTY_CELL && board[col][row]!=id) {
                            move = col;
                            madeMove = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if(madeMove) break;
            }

            if(!madeMove) {
                int temp = (int)Math.round(random()*boardSize[0]);
                while(madeMove!=true) {
                    temp = (int)Math.round(random()*boardSize[0]);
                    if(ensureValidMove(temp)) {
                        madeMove = true;
                    }
                }
                move = temp;
            }
        } else {
            move = (int)Math.round(random()*boardSize[0]);
        }

        return move;
    }
}

这是我第一次使用CodeGolf，所以希望这个答案足够好。我还无法测试，所以如果有任何错误，请原谅。

编辑：添加一行以打破第二个for。

编辑2：弄清楚了为什么while无限大的原因。现在已完成，可以使用！

基本块启动

一个简单（且天真）的块机器人。他不知道您可以水平或对角连续制作4个！

static class BasicBlockBot extends Player {
    @Override
    int makeMove() {
        List<Integer> inARows = detectInARows();
        double chanceOfBlock = 0.5;

        if (inARows.isEmpty())
            chanceOfBlock = 0;

        if (random() < chanceOfBlock) {
            return inARows.get((int)Math.round(random() * (inARows.size() - 1)));
        } else {
            return (int)Math.round(random() * getBoardSize()[0]);
        }
    }


    /**
     * Very limited - just detects vertical in a rows
     *
     * @return A list of colls that have 4 in a row vertical
     */
    private List<Integer> detectInARows() {
        List<Integer> ret = new ArrayList<>();
        int[][] board = getBoard();

        for (int i = 0; i < board.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < board[i].length; j++) {
                int currId = board[i][j];
                if (currId != -1 && is4InARowVertical(i, j, board)) {
                    ret.add(i);
                }
            }
        }

        return ret;
    }

    private boolean is4InARowVertical(int coll, int row, int[][] board) {
        int id = board[coll][row];

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            int y = row + i;
            if (!boardContains(coll,y) || board[coll][y] != id)
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

}

进步

进步是……进步。他喜欢看一切，还有一些！（我不确定这种方法是否正确。它曾经一次与一个朋友对抗。）而且由于某种原因，它表现得很不错。

static class Progressive extends Player{
    @Override
    int makeMove(){
        int move = 0;
        boolean statusBroken = false;
        for(int n=getBoardSize()[0];n>2;n-=2){
            for(int i=0;i<getBoardSize()[0];i+=n){
                if(ensureValidMove(i)){
                    move = i;
                    statusBroken = true;
                    break;
                }
                if(statusBroken) break;
            }
        }
        return move;
    }
}

FairDiceRoll

总是返回4。

static class FairDiceRoll extends Player {
    private int lastMove = 0;
    @Override
    int makeMove() { 
        return 4;
    }
}

越野车

一个供您击败的示例机器人（仅供参考：这并不难；）

static class BuggyBot extends Player {
    @Override
    int makeMove() {
        return getBoardSize()[1] - 1;
    }
}

包装桶

该机器人并非直接针对积分。他尝试打包最多的令牌，直到棋盘被填满为止。他知道，一次又一次地爬上去是愚蠢的，所以他将随机地在其“域”周围放置令牌。

他应该能够在各个方向上获得一些要点，但不会是最好的！

（未测试）

package connectn.players;

static class PackingBot extends Player
{
    @Override
    int makeMove()
    {
        int move = 0;
        int[] sizes = getBoardSize();
        if(getTurn()==0)
            return sizes[0]/2+sizes[0]%2;

        int[][] board = getBoard();
        int[] flatBoard =new int[sizes[0]];
        //Creating a flat mapping of my tokens
        for(int i=0;i<sizes[0];i++)
            for (int j=0;j<sizes[1];j++)
                if(board[i][j]!=getID())
                    flatBoard[i]++;

        int max=0;
        int range=0;
        for(int i=0;i<flatBoard.length;i++)
        {
            if(flatBoard[i]!=0)
                range++;
            if(flatBoard[i]>flatBoard[max])
                max=i;
        }

        int sens = (Math.random()>0.5)?1:-1;
        move=((int)(Math.random()*(range+1)*sens))+max;

        while(!ensureValidMove(move))
        {
            move=(move+1*sens)%sizes[0];
            if(move<0)
                move=sizes[0]-1;
        }
        return move;
    }


}

史蒂夫

package connectn.players;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;

import connectn.game.Game;

public class Steve extends Player {
    @Override
    public int makeMove() {
        Random r=ThreadLocalRandom.current();
        int attemptedMove = 0;
        int[][]board=getBoard();
        int ec=Game.EMPTY_CELL;
        for(int c=0;c<board.length;c++){
            int j=board[c].length-1;
            for(;j>=0;j--){
                if(board[c][j]!=ec)break;
            }

            if(j>2+r.nextInt(3)&&r.nextDouble()<0.8)return c;
        }
        int k=-2+board.length/2+r.nextInt(5);
        if(ensureValidMove(k))return k;
        for (int i = 0; i < getBoardSize()[0]; i++)
            if (ensureValidMove(i)) {
                attemptedMove = i;
                break;
            }

        return attemptedMove;
    }
}