从未使用以DATETIME作为复合键第一部分的主键索引

我在将DATETIME（甚至日期）作为PRIMARY KEY的第一部分时遇到问题。

我使用MySQL 5.5

这是我的两张桌子：

-- This is my standard table with dateDim as a dateTime

CREATE TABLE `stats` (
 `dateDim` datetime NOT NULL,
 `accountDim` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `execCodeDim` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `operationTypeDim` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `junkDim` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `ipCountryDim` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `count` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`dateDim`,`accountDim`,`execCodeDim`,`operationTypeDim`,`junkDim`,`ipCountryDim`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8


-- Here is a copy with datDim as an integer

CREATE TABLE `stats_todays` (
`dateDim` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `accountDim` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `execCodeDim` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `operationTypeDim` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `junkDim` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `ipCountryDim` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `count` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`dateDim`,`accountDim`,`execCodeDim`,`operationTypeDim`,`junkDim`,`ipCountryDim`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

我用完全相同的数据填充了两个表（接近1亿）

但：

• 统计信息表使用DATETIME作为dateDim
• stats_todays将un INTEGER与TO_DAYS（）一起用作dateDim

我的问题是：当索引的第一部分是日期时间时，为什么MySQL不使用PRIMARY KEY？这是非常奇怪的，因为使用相同的数据，但使用INTEGER和TO_DAYS（dateDim）合并了相同的请求。

统计信息表（和日期时间）的示例：

SELECT * 
FROM `stats`  
WHERE 
   dateDim = '2014-04-03 00:00:00' 
   AND accountDim = 4
   AND execCodeDim = 9
   AND operationTypeDim = 1
   AND junkDim = 5
   AND ipCountryDim = 3

=> 1 result (4.5sec)

Explain:

id  select_type     table   type    possible_keys   key     key_len     ref     rows           Extra
1   SIMPLE          stats   ALL           NULL     NULL       NULL      NULL    8832329     Using where

另一个表stats_todays上的相同请求（使用INTEGER和TO_DAYS（））

EXPLAIN SELECT * 
FROM `stats_todays`  
WHERE 
   dateDim = TO_DAYS('2014-04-03 00:00:00')
   AND accountDim = 4
   AND execCodeDim = 9
   AND operationTypeDim = 1
   AND junkDim = 5
   AND ipCountryDim = 3

=> Result 1 row (0.0003 sec) 

Explain:

id  select_type     table          type     possible_keys   key     key_len     ref                               rows  Extra
1   SIMPLE         stats_todays     const   PRIMARY     PRIMARY     13  const,const,const,const,const,const     1    

如果您阅读了全文，则可以理解这不是一个低基数问题，因为该请求使用的整数与INTEGER dateDim字段完全相同。

以下是一些高级详细信息：

SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT dateDim )
FROM stats_todays
UNION ALL
SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT dateDim )
FROM stats;

Result:


COUNT(DISTINCT dateDim)
2192
2192

这是INDEX描述：

SHOW INDEXES FROM `stats` 

Table   Non_unique  Key_name    Seq_in_index    Column_name     Collation   Cardinality     Sub_part    Packed  Null    Index_type  Comment     Index_comment
stats   0            PRIMARY          1         dateDim           A     6921           NULL                 NULL        BTREE        
stats   0            PRIMARY          2         accountDim        A     883232         NULL                 NULL        BTREE        
stats   0            PRIMARY          3         execCodeDim       A     8832329     NULL                NULL        BTREE        
stats   0            PRIMARY          4         operationTypeDim  A     8832329     NULL                NULL        BTREE        
stats   0            PRIMARY          5         junkDim           A     8832329     NULL                NULL        BTREE        
stats   0            PRIMARY          6         ipCountryDim      A     8832329     NULL                NULL        BTREE       

SHOW INDEXES FROM `stats_todays` 

Table   Non_unique  Key_name    Seq_in_index    Column_name     Collation   Cardinality     Sub_part    Packed  Null    Index_type  Comment     Index_comment
stats_todays    0   PRIMARY     1              dateDim              A        7518   NULL                   NULL         BTREE        
stats_todays    0   PRIMARY     2              accountDim           A        4022582    NULL                   NULL         BTREE        
stats_todays    0   PRIMARY     3              execCodeDim          A        8045164    NULL                   NULL         BTREE        
stats_todays    0   PRIMARY     4              operationTypeDim     A        8045164    NULL                   NULL         BTREE        
stats_todays    0   PRIMARY     5              junkDim              A        8045164    NULL                   NULL         BTREE        
stats_todays    0   PRIMARY     6              ipCountryDim         A        8045164    NULL                   NULL         BTREE        

从统计资料中选取dateDim，COUNT（*），并以ROLLUP替换dateDim

• 告诉您有2192个不同的日期，并且分区很平滑（按日期约3000-4000行）
• 表格中有8 831 990行
• 其他表也一样
• 我尝试了COVERING INDEX（用所有PK列替换*）=>没有任何变化
• 我试过了|使用索引=>没有任何变化
• 与日期字段相同，而不是日期时间
• 与INDEX或UNIQUE代替主键相同

这是5.5.x中的错误。看这里

这表明您的查询应该是

SELECT * 
FROM `stats`  
WHERE 
   dateDim = CAST('2014-04-03 00:00:00' as datetime)
   AND accountDim = 4
   AND execCodeDim = 9
   AND operationTypeDim = 1
   AND junkDim = 5
   AND ipCountryDim = 3

自表的int版本

CREATE TABLE `stats_todays` ( 
`dateDim` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL, 
 `accountDim` mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, 
 `execCodeDim` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL, 
 `operationTypeDim` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, 
 `junkDim` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, 
 `ipCountryDim` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL, 
 `count` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, 
 `amount` bigint(20) NOT NULL, 
 PRIMARY KEY (`dateDim`,`accountDim`,`execCodeDim`,`operationTypeDim`,`junkDim`,`ipCountryDim`) 
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 

在查询方面效果很好，您应该让dateDim包含datetime字符串的UNIX_TIMESTAMP（）。您的查询看起来像这样：

SELECT *        
FROM `stats`         
WHERE        
   dateDim = UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2014-04-03 00:00:00')
   AND accountDim = 4       
   AND execCodeDim = 9       
   AND operationTypeDim = 1       
   AND junkDim = 5       
   AND ipCountryDim = 3