我已经在系统中使用UUID一段时间了，原因有很多，从日志记录到延迟的关联。随着我变得越来越幼稚，我使用的格式发生了变化：
VARCHAR(255)VARCHAR(36)CHAR(36)BINARY(16)
当我到达最后一个时BINARY(16)，我开始将性能与基本自动递增整数进行比较。测试和结果如下所示，但如果你只是想总结，表示INT AUTOINCREMENT和BINARY(16) RANDOM对数据相同的性能范围高达20万（该数据库已预先填充之前测试）。
最初，我对将UUID用作主键持怀疑态度，确实确实如此，但是我发现这里有潜力创建一个可以同时使用两者的灵活数据库。尽管许多人强调这两种方法的优点，但同时使用这两种数据类型可以消除哪些缺点呢？
PRIMARY INTUNIQUE BINARY(16)
这种类型的设置的用例将是表间关系的传统主键，并且具有用于系统间关系的唯一标识符。
我本质上试图发现的是两种方法之间的效率差异。除了所使用的四倍磁盘空间（在添加其他数据后可能几乎可以忽略不计）外，在我看来它们是相同的。
架构：
-- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump
-- version 4.0.10deb1
-- http://www.phpmyadmin.net
--
-- Host: localhost
-- Generation Time: Sep 22, 2015 at 10:54 AM
-- Server version: 5.5.44-0ubuntu0.14.04.1
-- PHP Version: 5.5.29-1+deb.sury.org~trusty+3
SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
SET time_zone = "+00:00";
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
--
-- Database: `test`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Table structure for table `with_2id`
--
CREATE TABLE `with_2id` (
`guidl` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`guidr` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`data` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`guidl`,`guidr`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Table structure for table `with_guid`
--
CREATE TABLE `with_guid` (
`guid` binary(16) NOT NULL,
`data` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`guid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Table structure for table `with_id`
--
CREATE TABLE `with_id` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`data` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=197687 ;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;插入基准：
function benchmark_insert(PDO $pdo, $runs)
{
$data = 'Sample Data';
$insert1 = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO with_id (data) VALUES (:data)");
$insert1->bindParam(':data', $data);
$insert2 = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO with_guid (guid, data) VALUES (:guid, :data)");
$insert2->bindParam(':guid', $guid);
$insert2->bindParam(':data', $data);
$insert3 = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO with_2id (guidl, guidr, data) VALUES (:guidl, :guidr, :data)");
$insert3->bindParam(':guidl', $guidl);
$insert3->bindParam(':guidr', $guidr);
$insert3->bindParam(':data', $data);
$benchmark = array();
$time = time();
for ($i = 0; $i < $runs; $i++) {
$insert1->execute();
}
$benchmark[1] = 'INC ID: ' . (time() - $time);
$time = time();
for ($i = 0; $i < $runs; $i++) {
$guid = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(16);
$insert2->execute();
}
$benchmark[2] = 'GUID: ' . (time() - $time);
$time = time();
for ($i = 0; $i < $runs; $i++) {
$guid = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(16);
$guidl = unpack('q', substr($guid, 0, 8))[1];
$guidr = unpack('q', substr($guid, 8, 8))[1];
$insert3->execute();
}
$benchmark[3] = 'SPLIT GUID: ' . (time() - $time);
echo 'INSERTION' . PHP_EOL;
echo '=============================' . PHP_EOL;
echo $benchmark[1] . PHP_EOL;
echo $benchmark[2] . PHP_EOL;
echo $benchmark[3] . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;
}选择基准：
function benchmark_select(PDO $pdo, $runs) {
$select1 = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM with_id WHERE id = :id");
$select1->bindParam(':id', $id);
$select2 = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM with_guid WHERE guid = :guid");
$select2->bindParam(':guid', $guid);
$select3 = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM with_2id WHERE guidl = :guidl AND guidr = :guidr");
$select3->bindParam(':guidl', $guidl);
$select3->bindParam(':guidr', $guidr);
$keys = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < $runs; $i++) {
$kguid = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(16);
$kguidl = unpack('q', substr($kguid, 0, 8))[1];
$kguidr = unpack('q', substr($kguid, 8, 8))[1];
$kid = mt_rand(0, $runs);
$keys[] = array(
'guid' => $kguid,
'guidl' => $kguidl,
'guidr' => $kguidr,
'id' => $kid
);
}
$benchmark = array();
$time = time();
foreach ($keys as $key) {
$id = $key['id'];
$select1->execute();
$row = $select1->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
}
$benchmark[1] = 'INC ID: ' . (time() - $time);
$time = time();
foreach ($keys as $key) {
$guid = $key['guid'];
$select2->execute();
$row = $select2->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
}
$benchmark[2] = 'GUID: ' . (time() - $time);
$time = time();
foreach ($keys as $key) {
$guidl = $key['guidl'];
$guidr = $key['guidr'];
$select3->execute();
$row = $select3->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
}
$benchmark[3] = 'SPLIT GUID: ' . (time() - $time);
echo 'SELECTION' . PHP_EOL;
echo '=============================' . PHP_EOL;
echo $benchmark[1] . PHP_EOL;
echo $benchmark[2] . PHP_EOL;
echo $benchmark[3] . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;
}测试：
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'root', '');
benchmark_insert($pdo, 1000);
benchmark_select($pdo, 100000);结果：
INSERTION
=============================
INC ID: 3
GUID: 2
SPLIT GUID: 3
SELECTION
=============================
INC ID: 5
GUID: 5
SPLIT GUID: 6
BINARY(16)我认为我们都同意这是存储UUID的最有效方法，但是对于UNIQUE索引，我是否应该仅使用常规索引？字节是使用加密安全的RNG生成的，所以我应该完全依赖随机性，放弃检查吗？