创建使用两个嵌套游标的第二个过程。
存储过程中的游标使您可以执行非常不像SQL的操作:一次遍历结果集一行,将选定的列值放入变量中并对其进行处理。
它们很容易被误用,因为SQL是声明性的而不是过程性的,通常不需要“针对每个”类型的操作,但是在这种情况下,它似乎是一个有效的应用程序。
一旦掌握了这些技巧,游标就很简单,但是它们确实需要在其支持代码中采用结构化方法,而这种方法并不总是直观的。
我最近提供了一些相当标准的“样板”代码,用于使用游标在Stack Overflow的答案中调用存储过程,下面我将大量借鉴该答案。
使用游标需要一些标准的样板代码来包围它。
您SELECT
可以从任何地方获取要传递的值(可以是临时表,基表或视图,并且可以包括对存储函数的调用),然后使用这些值调用existinf过程。
这是必要代码的语法有效示例,并带有注释,以解释每个组件的工作。
本示例使用2列将2个值传递给被调用的过程。
请注意,由于某种原因,此处发生的事件按特定顺序排列。变量必须首先声明,游标必须在其继续处理程序之前声明,并且循环必须遵循所有这些内容。
您不能无序地进行操作,因此,当您将一个游标嵌套在另一个游标中时,您必须通过在过程主体内的BEGIN
... END
块内嵌套其他代码来重置过程范围;例如,如果您需要在循环中使用第二个游标,则只需在循环中的另一个BEGIN
... END
块中声明它。
DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `my_proc` $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `my_proc`(arg1 INT) -- 1 input argument; you might need more or fewer
BEGIN
-- declare the program variables where we'll hold the values we're sending into the procedure;
-- declare as many of them as there are input arguments to the second procedure,
-- with appropriate data types.
DECLARE val1 INT DEFAULT NULL;
DECLARE val2 INT DEFAULT NULL;
-- we need a boolean variable to tell us when the cursor is out of data
DECLARE done TINYINT DEFAULT FALSE;
-- declare a cursor to select the desired columns from the desired source table1
-- the input argument (which you might or might not need) is used in this example for row selection
DECLARE cursor1 -- cursor1 is an arbitrary label, an identifier for the cursor
CURSOR FOR
SELECT t1.c1,
t1.c2
FROM table1 t1
WHERE c3 = arg1;
-- this fancy spacing is of course not required; all of this could go on the same line.
-- a cursor that runs out of data throws an exception; we need to catch this.
-- when the NOT FOUND condition fires, "done" -- which defaults to FALSE -- will be set to true,
-- and since this is a CONTINUE handler, execution continues with the next statement.
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;
-- open the cursor
OPEN cursor1;
my_loop: -- loops have to have an arbitrary label; it's used to leave the loop
LOOP
-- read the values from the next row that is available in the cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM cursor1 INTO val1, val2;
IF done THEN -- this will be true when we are out of rows to read, so we go to the statement after END LOOP.
LEAVE my_loop;
ELSE -- val1 and val2 will be the next values from c1 and c2 in table t1,
-- so now we call the procedure with them for this "row"
CALL the_other_procedure(val1,val2);
-- maybe do more stuff here
END IF;
END LOOP;
-- execution continues here when LEAVE my_loop is encountered;
-- you might have more things you want to do here
-- the cursor is implicitly closed when it goes out of scope, or can be explicitly closed if desired
CLOSE cursor1;
END $$
DELIMITER ;