如何在MySQL上配置全局字符集

我试图通过my.cnf更改MySQL的字符集，但失败了。我添加了下面列出的字符集设置：

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

# ------------- MYSQL CHARSETS --------------
character_set_system = utf8
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_results = utf8
character_set_database = utf8
character_set_connection = utf8
character_set_client = utf8

collation_connection = utf8_general_ci
collation_database = utf8_general_ci
collation_server = utf8_general_ci

启用这些功能后，MySQL无法启动。如何确定所有内容都默认为utf8-始终？

更新资料

还有一些地方存在UTF8问题

character_set_client    utf8
character_set_connection    utf8
character_set_database  latin1
character_set_filesystem    binary
character_set_results   utf8
character_set_server    latin1
character_set_system    utf8
character_sets_dir  /usr/share/mysql/charsets/
collation_connection    utf8_general_ci
collation_database  latin1_swedish_ci
collation_server    latin1_swedish_ci

不幸的是，我仍然没有想出一个解决方案...有什么想法吗？

目前，我正在成功使用此配置：

[mysqld]
default-character-set = utf8
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8


[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

但是PHPMyAdmin仍然显示一些latin1

character_set_client    utf8
character_set_connection    utf8
character_set_database  latin1
character_set_filesystem    binary
character_set_results   utf8
character_set_server    latin1
character_set_system    utf8
character_sets_dir  /usr/share/mysql/charsets/
collation_connection    utf8_general_ci
collation_database  latin1_swedish_ci
collation_server    latin1_swedish_ci

您需要将以下内容合并到my.cnf文件中

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8


[mysqld]
default-character-set = utf8    
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

您可以在以下手册页上找到更多信息

• http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/charset-configuration.html

• http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/zh-CN/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_character_set_system

• http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/zh-CN/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_character_set_server

为了回答Mark的答案，如果您需要将现有的表/数据库转换为正确的字符集，则需要一个合适的ALTER查询。类似于以下内容：

ALTER TABLE `table` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;

另外还有一个很大的PHP脚本在这里它会为你。

Ben的答案是可以的，但是更改设置绝对不会更改现有表的字符集或排序规则。使用适当的ALTER TABLE语句执行此操作。

请注意，如果未指定，表将以数据库默认字符集创建。这是每个数据库的设置，可以使用ALTER DATABASE进行调整。在my.cnf中也未设置。