这是一个Python函数，可通过分层采样将Pandas数据帧分为训练，验证和测试数据帧。它通过train_test_split()两次调用scikit-learn的函数来执行此拆分。
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
def split_stratified_into_train_val_test(df_input, stratify_colname='y',
frac_train=0.6, frac_val=0.15, frac_test=0.25,
random_state=None):
'''
Splits a Pandas dataframe into three subsets (train, val, and test)
following fractional ratios provided by the user, where each subset is
stratified by the values in a specific column (that is, each subset has
the same relative frequency of the values in the column). It performs this
splitting by running train_test_split() twice.
Parameters
----------
df_input : Pandas dataframe
Input dataframe to be split.
stratify_colname : str
The name of the column that will be used for stratification. Usually
this column would be for the label.
frac_train : float
frac_val : float
frac_test : float
The ratios with which the dataframe will be split into train, val, and
test data. The values should be expressed as float fractions and should
sum to 1.0.
random_state : int, None, or RandomStateInstance
Value to be passed to train_test_split().
Returns
-------
df_train, df_val, df_test :
Dataframes containing the three splits.
'''
if frac_train + frac_val + frac_test != 1.0:
raise ValueError('fractions %f, %f, %f do not add up to 1.0' % \
(frac_train, frac_val, frac_test))
if stratify_colname not in df_input.columns:
raise ValueError('%s is not a column in the dataframe' % (stratify_colname))
X = df_input # Contains all columns.
y = df_input[[stratify_colname]] # Dataframe of just the column on which to stratify.
# Split original dataframe into train and temp dataframes.
df_train, df_temp, y_train, y_temp = train_test_split(X,
y,
stratify=y,
test_size=(1.0 - frac_train),
random_state=random_state)
# Split the temp dataframe into val and test dataframes.
relative_frac_test = frac_test / (frac_val + frac_test)
df_val, df_test, y_val, y_test = train_test_split(df_temp,
y_temp,
stratify=y_temp,
test_size=relative_frac_test,
random_state=random_state)
assert len(df_input) == len(df_train) + len(df_val) + len(df_test)
return df_train, df_val, df_test
以下是一个完整的工作示例。
考虑具有标签的数据集，您要在该标签上进行分层。该标签在原始数据集中具有自己的分布，例如75％foo，15％bar和10％baz。现在，让我们使用60/20/20的比率将数据集分为训练，验证和测试子集，其中每个分割都保留标签的相同分布。请参见下图：
这是示例数据集：
df = pd.DataFrame( { 'A': list(range(0, 100)),
'B': list(range(100, 0, -1)),
'label': ['foo'] * 75 + ['bar'] * 15 + ['baz'] * 10 } )
df.head()
# A B label
# 0 0 100 foo
# 1 1 99 foo
# 2 2 98 foo
# 3 3 97 foo
# 4 4 96 foo
df.shape
# (100, 3)
df.label.value_counts()
# foo 75
# bar 15
# baz 10
# Name: label, dtype: int64
现在，让我们split_stratified_into_train_val_test()从上方调用该函数以按照60/20/20的比例获取训练，验证和测试数据帧。
df_train, df_val, df_test = \
split_stratified_into_train_val_test(df, stratify_colname='label', frac_train=0.60, frac_val=0.20, frac_test=0.20)
三个数据框df_train，df_val和df_test包含所有原始行，但它们的大小将遵循上述比率。
df_train.shape
#(60, 3)
df_val.shape
#(20, 3)
df_test.shape
#(20, 3)
此外，三个拆分中的每个拆分将具有相同的标签分布，即75％foo，15％bar和10％baz。
df_train.label.value_counts()
# foo 45
# bar 9
# baz 6
# Name: label, dtype: int64
df_val.label.value_counts()
# foo 15
# bar 3
# baz 2
# Name: label, dtype: int64
df_test.label.value_counts()
# foo 15
# bar 3
# baz 2
# Name: label, dtype: int64
