如何从带有apt和gpg的防火墙后面将gcc / gpp 6到9放到Xenial系统上？

1

我尝试让Ubuntu 16.04（xenial）的编译器高于gcc / gpp-5。

我将这些行添加到/etc/apt/sources.list 

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial main

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial main

之后运行“ apt update”时，我得到了：

Err:9 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial InRelease
 The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 1E9377A2BA9EF27F
Err:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial InRelease
  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 8CF63AD3F06FC659

然后我尝试添加密钥：

# apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key 1E9377A2BA9EF27F
Executing: /tmp/tmp.hQqulW3vSQ/gpg.1.sh --keyserver
keyserver.ubuntu.com
--recv-key
1E9377A2BA9EF27F
> gpg: requesting key BA9EF27F from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpgkeys: key 1E9377A2BA9EF27F not found on keyserver
gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found.
gpg: Total number processed: 0
gpg: keyserver communications error: key not found
gpg: keyserver communications error: bad public key
gpg: keyserver receive failed: bad public key

# apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key 8CF63AD3F06FC659
Executing: /tmp/tmp.9sbMVJgRDb/gpg.1.sh --keyserver
keyserver.ubuntu.com
--recv-key
8CF63AD3F06FC659
gpg: requesting key F06FC659 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpgkeys: key 8CF63AD3F06FC659 not found on keyserver
gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found.
gpg: Total number processed: 0
gpg: keyserver communications error: key not found
gpg: keyserver communications error: bad public key
gpg: keyserver receive failed: bad public key

如何简单地将一组更新的编译器添加到该平台？

我发现在防火墙后面很难实现这样的目标。标准的食谱将无法正常工作，甚至对我来说“ sudo -E”也失败了。而且我目前不知道如何改善apt- *工具集的调试打印。

16.04  proxy  gcc  gnupg  g++ 
— 亚历山大·斯托尔
source
已更新，因此GPG和防火墙核心问题在该问题中更为明显。
— 亚历山大·斯托尔

Answers:

1

（此解决方案的开发部分基于N0rbert和我在他最初的建议中的对话）

对问题的理解发展到发现“ gpg”访问是有问题的/悬而未决的操作的地步。用户“ nobar”的评论对最终的线索很有帮助：

gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found.

In this scenario, the message is a cryptic way of telling you that the download failed.

看到那里讨论过的完整主题：https : //stackoverflow.com/questions/21338721/gpg-no-valid-openpgp-data-found

现在在这里解决该主题中的问题。

请访问http://keyserver.ubuntu.com/-对于每个缺少的密钥（BA9EF27F / F06FC659），请执行以下操作：

  • 在提供的输入框中输入每个带有“ 0x”前缀的缺失键
  • 选择“获取匹配键的详细索引”单选按钮
  • 单击按钮“搜索密钥”
  • 在结果页面中，单击“发布”行中的链接，然后将目标网页保存到您的下载文件夹中（我使用了简短的keyId和* .txt扩展名；实际上是HTML文件的内容，但这很不错。不在乎的东西）

  • 对于每个下载的文件，以超级用户身份运行follwing命令：

    apt-key add ***name-of-the-file***

当上述操作完成两次（每个键一次）后，请运行此命令检查其是否有效：

apt update

结果中除应包含其他几行外，还应包含以下几行：

Get:23 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial/main Sources [13.4 kB]
Get:24 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [86.8 kB]
Get:25 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages [85.1 kB]
Get:27 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu xenial/main Translation-en [14.4 kB]
Get:28 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial/main Sources [12.1 kB]
Get:29 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [79.7 kB]
Get:30 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages [78.4 kB]
Get:31 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/gcc/ubuntu xenial/main Translation-en [15.7 kB]

最后的操作是关于安装您选择的其他gcc版本：

apt install gcc-6 g++-6
apt install gcc-7 g++-7
apt install gcc-8 g++-8
apt install gcc-9 g++-9

这终于对我成功了。所有项目均从amd64存储库版本中的http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu获得 。我想如果我想在其他PPA上设置更高的优先级，则需要交换sources.list文件中的行。

到目前为止，检查已安装的gcc二进制文件的版本将返回以下文本：

# gcc-6 --version
gcc-6 (Ubuntu 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~16.04) 6.5.0 20181026
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# gcc-7 --version
gcc-7 (Ubuntu 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~16.04~ppa1) 7.4.0
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# gcc-8 --version
gcc-8 (Ubuntu 8.3.0-16ubuntu3~16.04) 8.3.0
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# gcc-9 --version
gcc-9 (Ubuntu 9.1.0-2ubuntu2~16.04) 9.1.0
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

到目前为止，检查已安装的g ++二进制文件的版本将返回以下文本：

# g++-6 --version
g++-6 (Ubuntu 6.5.0-2ubuntu1~16.04) 6.5.0 20181026
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# g++-7 --version
g++-7 (Ubuntu 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~16.04~ppa1) 7.4.0
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# g++-8 --version
g++-8 (Ubuntu 8.3.0-16ubuntu3~16.04) 8.3.0
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

# g++-9 --version
g++-9 (Ubuntu 9.1.0-2ubuntu2~16.04) 9.1.0
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

更新： 这些命令（到目前为止）显然使用了Jonathon PPA：

# apt install clang

目前，该命令的版本如下：

$ clang --version
clang version 3.8.0-2ubuntu3~trusty5 (tags/RELEASE_380/final)
Target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin

# clang++ --version
clang version 3.8.0-2ubuntu3~trusty5 (tags/RELEASE_380/final)
Target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
— 亚历山大·斯托尔
source
很好，您有一个解决方案:)我删除了有关免责声明的评论。
— N0rbert
与您的讨论为我带来了核心问题的索引，这是非常好的。谢谢。
— 亚历山大·斯托尔
其他的也有类似的问题-似乎gpg可能使用的端口和协议不同于http / https / ftp（通常，代理设置会提供使用权限）。参见unix.stackexchange.com/questions/361213/…-甚至包括一些纯命令行的解决方法/解决方案-所讨论的协议均缩写为“ hkps”。
— 亚历山大·斯托尔
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