给定一个整数≥2的输入，输出一个除数的列表，该除数的列表按指数在其素因数分解中按升序排列，先按最大质数排序，然后按第二大质数排序，依此类推。

例如，取整数72，即2 ³ 3 ²。它有除数

1     3^0 · 2^0
2     3^0 · 2^1
3     3^1 · 2^0
4     3^0 · 2^2
6     3^1 · 2^1
8     3^0 · 2^3
9     3^2 · 2^0
12    3^1 · 2^2
18    3^2 · 2^1
24    3^1 · 2^3
36    3^2 · 2^2
72    3^2 · 2^3

当按素数因子的指数升序排列时，较大的素数优先。

1     3^0 · 2^0
2     3^0 · 2^1
4     3^0 · 2^2
8     3^0 · 2^3
3     3^1 · 2^0
6     3^1 · 2^1
12    3^1 · 2^2
24    3^1 · 2^3
9     3^2 · 2^0
18    3^2 · 2^1
36    3^2 · 2^2
72    3^2 · 2^3

请注意，该列表首先按指数3的顺序排序，然后按指数2的顺序排序。您也可以将其视为在以下网格中从左到右，从上到下读取：

        2^0  2^1  2^2  2^3

3^0     1    2    4    8
3^1     3    6    12   24
3^2     9    18   36   72

测试用例：

2 => 1 2
72 => 1 2 4 8 3 6 12 24 9 18 36 72
101 => 1 101
360 => 1 2 4 8 3 6 12 24 9 18 36 72 5 10 20 40 15 30 60 120 45 90 180 360
3780 => 1 2 4 3 6 12 9 18 36 27 54 108 5 10 20 15 30 60 45 90 180 135 270 540 7 14 28 21 42 84 63 126 252 189 378 756 35 70 140 105 210 420 315 630 1260 945 1890 3780
30030 => 1 2 3 6 5 10 15 30 7 14 21 42 35 70 105 210 11 22 33 66 55 110 165 330 77 154 231 462 385 770 1155 2310 13 26 39 78 65 130 195 390 91 182 273 546 455 910 1365 2730 143 286 429 858 715 1430 2145 4290 1001 2002 3003 6006 5005 10010 15015 30030
65536 => 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32768 65536
74088 => 1 2 4 8 3 6 12 24 9 18 36 72 27 54 108 216 7 14 28 56 21 42 84 168 63 126 252 504 189 378 756 1512 49 98 196 392 147 294 588 1176 441 882 1764 3528 1323 2646 5292 10584 343 686 1372 2744 1029 2058 4116 8232 3087 6174 12348 24696 9261 18522 37044 74088

由于这是code-golf，因此以字节为单位的最短代码为准。

05AB1E，6个字节

码：

ÑÒí{€P

说明：

Ñ       # Get the divisors of input.
 Ò      # Factorize each.
  í     # Reverse each.
   {    # Sort the array.
    €P  # Product each.

使用CP-1252编码。在线尝试！。

果冻，8 7 字节

ÆDÆfU$Þ

在线尝试！感谢@Dennis提供-1个字节。

ÆD         Array of divisors, e.g. 24 -> [1, 2, 4, 8, 3, 6, 12, 24]
      Þ    Sort by...
     $       Combine previous two links...
  Æf           Factorise each, e.g. ['', [2], [3], [2, 2], [2, 3], [2, 2, 2],
                   [2, 2, 3], [2, 2, 2, 3]]
    U          Upend/reverse each sublist

Pyth，10个字节

+1{*Mt_DyP

在线尝试：演示

遗憾的是，空列表中的乘积未在Pyth中定义为1。这将花费三个额外的字节。

说明：

+1{*Mt_DyPQ   implicit Q (=input number) at the end
         PQ   prime factorization of input
        y     powerset
      _D      order by reversed subsets
     t        remove the empy subset
   *M         compute the product of each subsets
  {           remove duplicates
+1            prepend 1

果冻，12 10 字节

2个字节，感谢@ Sp3000。

ÆE'ḶUṚŒpUṚÆẸ
ÆEU'ḶŒpUÆẸ

在线尝试！

测试套件。

ÆE            Array of exponents, e.g. 24 -> [3, 1] since 24 = 2^3*3^1
  U           Upend/reverse, e.g. [1, 3]
   ‘Ḷ         Range of each, from 0, e.g. [[0, 1], [0, 1, 2, 3]]
     Œp       Cartesian product, e.g. [[0, 0], [0, 1], ..., [1, 3]]
       U      Upend, reversing the innermost lists
        ÆẸ    Inverse of ÆE, converting exponents back into a number

感谢@ Sp3000提供解释的格式。

Python 2，85个字节

n=input()
p,=L=[1]
while~-n:
 l=L;p+=1
 while n%p<1:L=l+[x*p for x in L];n/=p
print L

没有分解，没有排序。等长递归实现：

f=lambda n,p=2:1/n*[1]or n%p and f(n,p+1)or[x*c for x in f(n/p)for c in[1,p][x%p<1:]]

其实是19个位元组

;÷#o♂w♂RS`"iⁿ"£Mπ`M

在线尝试！

说明：

;÷#o♂w♂RS`"iⁿ"£Mπ`M
;                    duplicate input
 ÷                   divisors
  #o                 include input in divisors list (note to self: fix this bug)
    ♂w               factor each integer into a list of [prime, exponent] pairs
      ♂R             reverse each list, so that the largest prime comes first
        S            sort the list
         `"iⁿ"£Mπ`M  for each factorization:
          "iⁿ"£M       for each [prime, exponent] pair:
           iⁿ            push prime**exponent
                π      product

JavaScript，78个字节

f=(n,p=2,a=[1],b=a)=>n<2?a:n%p?f(n,p+1,a):f(n/p,p,a.concat(b=b.map(m=>m*p)),b)

基于@xnor的想法，尽管我不理解他的代码，所以我不得不从头开始重新实现它。基本算法是从[1]开始，然后对n的素数分解中的每个pᵏ乘以[1，...，pᵏ]，尽管由于我没有素数分解或笛卡尔积，所以我必须这样做全部递归。例：

n=72 p=2 a=[1] b=[1]
n=36 p=2 a=[1,2] b=[2]
n=18 p=2 a=[1,2,4] b=[4]
 n=9 p=2 a=[1,2,4,8] b=[8]
 n=9 p=3 a=[1,2,4,8] b=[1,2,4,8]
 n=3 p=3 a=[1,2,4,8,3,6,12,24] b=[3,6,12,24]
 n=1 p=3 a=[1,2,4,8,3,6,12,24,9,18,36,72] b=[9,18,36,72]

R，196字节

n=scan()
if(n<4)c(1,n)else{
r=2:n
d=NULL
while(n>1){i=r[min(which(n%%r==0))];d=c(d,i);n=n/i}
m=unique(d)
b=table(d)
l=list()
for(i in 1:length(m))l[[i]]=m[i]^(0:b[i])
apply(expand.grid(l),1,prod)}

这将是效率低下的，因为我几乎无法抵制使用的诱惑library(primes)。它创建d输入的所有主要因子的向量，计算其频率（出现次数），然后计算应用了b[i]该prod函数的所有可能幂（从0到相应的频率）的笛卡尔乘积。it，2和3的特殊情况！否则，这很好地展示了R数据帧处理和矢量功能/逐行操作（甚至是纯统计table功能！）。

当然r=2:ceiling(sqrt(n))，如果有人在意，可以使用15个字节来提高效率。这是一个更好的版本：

factorise <- function(n){
  if (n<4) c(1,n) else { # Now that all special cases have been handled
    r=2:ceiling(sqrt(n)) # We check all divisors smaller than the square root
    d=NULL # Initiate the variable for divisors
    while (n>1) {
      i=r[min(which(n%%r==0))] # Check the first divisor with a zero remainder
      d=c(d,i) # Append it to the list of divisors
      n=n/i   # Divide by it and check again
    }
    m=unique(d) # Get unique divisors, and they are already sorted
    b=table(d) # Count their frequencies
    l=list() # Initiate a list of all possible powers of unique factors
    for(i in 1:length(m)) l[[i]]=m[i]^(0:b[i]) # Calculate powers
    apply(expand.grid(l),1,prod) # Make a cartesian dataframe and row-multiply
  }
}

Mathematica 150字节

f[t_]:=Thread@{#,IntegerExponent[t,#]&/@#}&@Prime@Range@PrimePi@Max@FactorInteger[t][[All,1]];Times@@@(#^#2&@@@#&/@Sort[Reverse/@(f@#&/@Divisors@#)])&

Brachylog，3个字节

fḋᵒ

在线尝试！

该代码或多或少地读作挑战的标题：“输入的因素，按其主要分解排序”。确保仅使用Brachylog内置的如何对列表进行排序的这种3字节的美实际上通过了测试用例，最终导致我需要将所有这么多的数字复制并粘贴到Clojure REPL中，其中列表元素由空格和逗号是空格，但事实证明它确实有效。

APL（Dyalog扩展），17字节

非常感谢ngn和Adám在APL果园打高尔夫球这两个APL程序方面的帮助，这是学习APL并获得APL帮助的好地方。

∊×⍀/⌽{⊂×\1,⍵}⌸⍨⍭⎕

在线尝试！

开球

∊×⍀/⌽{⊂×\1,⍵}⌸⍨⍭⎕

                ⎕  Gets evaluated input from stdin.
               ⍭   Gives us a list of the prime factors of our input.
                   Example for 720: 2 2 2 2 3 3 5
     {      }⌸⍨    ⌸ groups our prime factors by the keys in the left argument,
                   and ⍨ passes the prime factors as both arguments,
                   grouping all the identical primes together
                   before running a {} dfn on them
      ⊂×\1,⍵       We append 1 to each group, get a list of powers of each prime,
                   and enclose the groups to remove 0s from uneven rows.
    ⌽             This reverses the prime power groups.
 ×⍀/              This multiplies all the powers together into
                   a matrix of the divisors of our input.
                   (Same as ∘.×/ in Dyalog Unicode)
∊                  And this turns the matrix into 
                   a list of divisors sorted by prime factorization.
                   We print implicitly, and we're done.

APL（Dyalog Unicode），29 字节^SBCS

{∊∘.×/⌽{⊂×\1,⍵}⌸⍨¯2÷/∪∧\⍵∨⍳⍵}

在线尝试！

开球

{∊∘.×/⌽{⊂×\1,⍵}⌸⍨¯2÷/∪∧\⍵∨⍳⍵}

{                           }  A dfn, a function in brackets.
                        ⍵∨⍳⍵   We take the GCD of our input with 
                               all the numbers in range(1, input).
                     ∪∧\       This returns all the unique LCMs of
                               every prefix of our list of GCDs.
                               Example for 72: 1 2 6 12 24 72.
                 ¯2÷/          We divide pairwise (and in reverse)
                               by using a filter window of negative two (¯2).
                               Example for 72: 2 3 2 2 3, our prime factors.
       {      }⌸⍨              ⌸ groups our prime factors by the keys in the left argument,
                               and ⍨ passes the prime factors as both arguments,
                               grouping all the identical primes together
                               before running a {} dfn on them
           1,⍵                 We append 1 to each group.
        ⊂×\                    Then we get a list of powers of each prime,
                               and enclose the groups to remove 0s from uneven rows.
      ⌽                        This reverses the prime power groups.
  ∘.×/                         This multiplies all the powers together into 
                               a matrix of the divisors of our input.
 ∊                             And this turns the matrix into a list of divisors
                               sorted by prime factorization.
                               We return implicitly, and we're done.

J，32 31字节

[:(*/@#~>:#:[:i.[:*/>:)&|./2&p:

抓取输入整数的质数和指数列表，将它们取反，然后从中建立除数。

用法

   f =: [:(*/@#~>:#:[:i.[:*/>:)&|./2&p:
   f 2
1 2
   f 72
1 2 4 8 3 6 12 24 9 18 36 72
   f 101
1 101

说明

[:(*/@#~>:#:[:i.[:*/>:)&|./2&p:  Input: n
                           2&p:  Factor n as a list where the first row are the primes
                                 and the second are their exponents
[:                     &|./      Reverse each list
                    >:           Increment each exponent by 1
                [:*/             Reduce it using multiplication
            [:i.                 Construct a range from 0 to that product exclusive
        >:                       The list of each exponent incremented
          #:                     Reduce each number in the previous range as a mixed base
                                 using the incremented exponents
      #~                         For each mixed base value in that range, copy from
                                 the list of primes that many times
   */@                           Reduce the copied primes using multiplication
                                 Return this list of products as the result

Ruby，71个字节

该答案基于xnor的Python 2答案。

->n{a,=t=[1];(s=t;a+=1;(t=s+t.map{|z|z*a};n/=a)while n%a<1)while n>1;t}

相同长度的替代方法是：

->n{a,=t=[1];(a+=1;(t+=t.map{|z|z*a};n/=a)while n%a<1)while n>1;t.uniq}

开球：

def f(num)
  factor = 1
  list = [1]
  while num != 1
    s = list
    factor += 1
    while num % factor == 0
      list = s + list.map{|z| z*factor}
      num /= factor
    end
  end
  return list
end

def g(num)
  factor = 1
  list = [1]
  while num != 1
    factor += 1
    while num % factor == 0
      list += list.map{|z| z*factor}
      num /= factor
    end
  end
  return list.uniq
end

Japt，12个 9字节

â mk ñÔ®×

-3个字节，感谢@Shaggy

在线尝试！

Japt，7个字节

â ñ_k w

在线运行

Mathematica，56个字节

1##&@@@Tuples@Reverse[#^Range[0,#2]&@@@FactorInteger@#]&