To refine the S2PS2P answer, for every k≥1k≥1 and cc, either
* The 3-SAT search problem does not have ˜O(nk)O~(nk) circuits, or
* Some problem in O2PO2P with time (and witness size) restricted to ˜O(nk2)O~(nk2) does not have i.o.-O(nk(logn)c)O(nk(logn)c) circuits (i.o. means infinitely often).
If in place of 3-SAT search problem, we used the decision problem, O2PO2P time ˜O(nk2+k)O~(nk2+k) suffices, and if we used the decision problem for bit ii in the lexicographically minimal assignment for 3-SAT, ˜O(nmin(k2+k,k3))O~(nmin(k2+k,k3)) suffices.
一个决策问题不可计算与IO- ø (Ñ ķ(日志Ñ )Ç)电路是数量最少Ñ(使用其二进制数字查询),其不与电路的真值表Ñ ķ ⌊ (日志Ñ )Ç + 1个 ⌋门。如果NP在P / poly中,则该问题具有不可辩驳的,由以下内容构成的见证:
(1)N
(2)给定N ' < N的电路表明N '具有足够小的电路。O(nk(logn)c)Nnk⌊(logn)c+1⌋
N
N′<NN′
(3) (only used for the ˜O(nk3)O~(nk3) bound) a verifier that enables us to run the opponent's circuit for (2) only O(1)O(1) times (getting 1 bit per run).
On a separate note, for every kk, there are decision problems in (MA ∩ coMA)/1 that do not have O(nk)O(nk) circuits. '/1' means that the machine gets one bit of advice that depends only on the input size. Also, the string Merlin sends can be chosen to depend only on the input size (with this restriction, MA is a subset of O2PO2P), and the advice complexity ΣP2ΣP2. The proof (Santhanam 2007) generalizes IP=PSPACE and PSPACE⊂P/poly ⇒ PSPACE=MA by using a certain well-behaved PSPACE-complete problem and padding the inputs to get minimum circuit sizes that are infinitely often between nk+1nk+1 and nk+2nk+2, using advice to detect enough examples of such nn, and for these nn, solving the padded problem by having Merlin produce such a circuit.